ARTIKEL REVIEW : BAKTERI NITRITASI DAN PERANANNYA DALAM KEBERADAAN NITRIT PADA SARANG BURUNG WALET
Article Review : Nitrification Bacteria and The Role in The Existence of Nitrite in Edible Bird Nest
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Platika Widiyani(1*)
Badan Karantina Pertanian, Kanpus Kementerian Pertanian, Jakarta
-
Hadri Latif(2)
Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Divisi Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner, Institut Pertanian Bogor
-
Denny W. Lukman(3)
Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Divisi Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner, Institut Pertanian Bogor
-
Mirnawati B. Sudarwanto(4)
Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Divisi Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner, Institut Pertanian Bogor
(*) Corresponding Author
Keywords:
edible bird nest, nitrification bacteria, nitrite
Abstract
Edible bird nest is a high-value export commodity. The industry of edible bird nests encounters various challenges regarding food safety demands for consumers, especially related to the quality of edible bird nests and compliance of nitrite below 30 ppm for the export commodity to China. The purpose of this paper is to obtain information on nitrate content in edible bird nests, the impact of nitrite on consumers and mechanism of nitrite, nitrification processes and mechanisms of nitrification in nature, types of nitrifying bacteria, the nitrification process, and the role of nitrifying bacteria in the edible bird nests, and also nitrite testing methods. This paper shows the nitrite content in edible bird nests at various levels. Nitrite is toxic and dangerous. Nitrite can cause methemoglobinemia, impaired oxygen flow, and difficulty breathing. Hygiene conditions and the environment of the swallow’s house can affect the amount of nitrite in the edible bird nest. Alteration in nitrite can occur through changes in nitrogen in the air to nitrite. Nitrite forming in edible bird nests is a natural process of shift nitrogen in the swallow's house environment and influenced by nitrite-producing bacteria were found in swallow's houses and converting nitrate to nitrite. Nitrification bacteria are bacteria that important role in increasing organic content and the availability of nutrients in the soil by providing nitrate. There are a few bacteria nitrification find in nature and edible bird nests such as Nitrosomonas Sp, Nitrobacter Sp, Nitrospina Sp, Nitrosococcus Sp, Nitrocystis Sp, and Bradyrhizobium japonicum.
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Aislabie. 2018. Soil Microbes and Their Contribution to Soil Services. http://www.ecoclimatico.com/archives/¿se-puede-hacer-combustible-con-restos-de-comida-3949.
Amanati L. 2016. Uji Nitrit Pada Produk Air Minum Dalam Kemasan (Amdk) Yang Beredar Di Pasaran. J Teknol Proses dan Inov Ind. 1(2). doi:10.36048/jtpii.v1i2.1916.
But PPH, Jiang RW, Shaw PC. 2013. Edible bird’s nests - How do the red ones get red? J Ethnopharmacol. 145(1):378–380. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2012.10.050.
Chamandust S, Mehrasebi MR, Kamali K, Solgi R, Taran J, Nazari F, Hosseini MJ. 2016. Simultaneous Determination of Nitrite and Nitrate in Milk Samples by Ion Chromatography Method and Estimation of Dietary Intake. Int J Food Prop. 19(9):1983–1993. doi:10.1080/10942912.2015.1091007.
Chan GKL, Zhu KY, Chou DJY, Guo AJY, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK. 2013. Surveillance of nitrite level in cubilose: Evaluation of removal method and proposed origin of contamination. Food Control. 34(2):637–644. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.06.010.
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Hamzah Z et al. 2013. Nutritional Properties of Edible Bird Nest. Bioprocess Eng. 3(6):600–607.
Hu J, Guo F, Wang L. 2017. Voltammetric determination of nitrite by using a glassy carbon electrode modified with a self-assembled nanocomposite prepared from CdTe quantum dots, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, chitosan and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Microchim Acta. 184(12):4637–4646. doi:10.1007/s00604-017-2500-0.
Hun LT, Wani W a, Tan E, Tjih T, Adnan NA, Ling Y Le, Aziz RA. 2015. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research , 2015 , 7 ( 7 ): 228-247 Research Article Investigations into the physicochemical , biochemical and antibacterial properties of Edible Bird ’ s Nest. 7(7):228–247.
Keputusan. 2013. Keputusan Kepala Badan Karantina Nomor 832/Kpts/OT.140/L/3/2013 tentang Pedoman Persyaratan dan Tindakan Karantina Hewan Terhadap Pengeluaran Sarang Walet dari Wilayah Negara Republik Indonesia ke Republik Rakyat China. Di dalam: Badan Karantina Pertanian, editor. Jakarta: Badan Karantina Pertanian. hlm 1–14. https://karantina.pertanian.go.id/page-72-pedoman-karantina-hewan.html.
Khan MR, Wabaidur SM, Alothman ZA, Busquets R, Naushad M. 2016. Method for the fast determination of bromate, nitrate and nitrite by ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and their monitoring in Saudi Arabian drinking water with chemometric data treatment. Talanta. 152:513–520. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2016.02.036.
Kiding A, Khotimah S, Linda R. 2015. Karakterisasi dan
Kepadatan Bakteri Nitrifikasi pada Tingkat Kematangan Tanah Gambut yang Berbeda Di Kawasan Hutan Lindung Gunung Ambawang Kabupaten Kubu Raya. Protobiont. 4(1):17–21.
Leonanda BD, Zolanda Y. 2018. Reaktor Nitrifikasi Biofilter Untuk Air Limbah Sisa Makanan Dan Feses Ikan. Met J Sist Mek dan Termal. 2(1):9. doi:10.25077/metal.2.1.9-14.2018.
Mohd Zuki SNS, Tan LL, Azmi NS, Heng LY, Chong KF, Tajuddin SN. 2018. A whole cell bio-optode based on immobilized nitrite-degrading microorganism on the acrylic microspheres for visual quantitation of nitrite ion. Sensors Actuators, B Chem. 255:2844–2852. doi:10.1016/j.snb.2017.09.102.
Noor NSM, Tan LL, Heng LY, Chong KF, Tajuddin SN. 2016. Acrylic microspheres-based optosensor for visual detection of nitrite. Food Chem. 207(2):132–138. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.03.088.
Paydar M, Wong YL, Wong WF, Hamdi OAA, Kadir NA, Looi CY. 2013. Prevalence of nitrite and nitrate contents and its effect on edible bird nest’s color. J Food Sci. 78(12). doi:10.1111/1750-3841.12313.
Rosita N. 2014. Analisis Kualitas Air Minum Isi Ulang Beberapa Depot Air Minum Isi Ulang (DAMIU) di Tangerang Selatan. J Kim Val. 4(2):134–141. doi:10.15408/jkv.v0i0.3611.
Samsuar, Ahmad R, Dodo H. 2020. Analisis Kadar Nitrit Pada Sosis Sapi Kemasan yang Beredar di Pasar Tradisional Kota Bandar Lampung secara Spectrofotometri UV Vis. J Farm Lampung. 9(1):44–55.
Saputro E, Bintoro V, Pramono Y. 2016. Agen Kyuring Alami Pengganti Natrium Nitrit Sintetis pada Kyuring Daging Sapi. Mediagro. 12(1):65–75.
Siqueira AF, Minamisawa K, Sánchez C. 2017. Anaerobic reduction of nitrate to nitrous oxide is lower in Bradyrhizobium japonicum than in Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens. Microbes Environ. 32(4):398–401. doi:10.1264/jsme2.ME17081.
Sirenden MT, Puspita D, Sihombing M, Nugrahani F, Retnowati N. 2018. Analisis Profil Makronutrien Dan Kandungan Nitrit Pada Bagian Sarang Burung Walet (Aerodramus fuciphagus). Semin Nas "Inovasi Pangan Lokal Untuk Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan. April:101–106.
Sivakumar M, Sakthivel M, Chen SM, Pandi K, Chen TW, Yu MC. 2017. An electrochemical selective detection of nitrite sensor for polyaniline doped graphene oxide modified electrode. Int J Electrochem Sci. 12(6):4835–4846.
doi:10.20964/2017.06.24.
Susilo H, Latif H, Ridwan Y. 2016. Penerapan Metode Pencucian dengan Air Mengalir Untuk Menurunkan Kadar Nitrit Pada Sarang Burung Walet (Application of Washing Method under Running Water to Reduce Nitrit Level of Edible Bird’s Nest). J Kedokt Hewan - Indones J Vet Sci. 10(2):95–97. doi:10.21157/j.ked.hewan.v10i2.5021.
Thorburn C. 2015. The edible birds’ nest boom in Indonesia and South-east Asia: A nested political ecology. Food, Cult Soc. 17(4):535–553. doi:10.2752/175174414X14006746101439.
Utomo B, Widyaratri Y, Widyanto RM, Gizi J, Kedokteran F, Brawijaya U. 2018. Metode untuk Mempertahankan Kandungan Nitrit Sarang Burung Walet S elama Penyimpanan. 1 September:1–5.
Yenil N, Yemiş F. 2018. Nitrite in nature: Determination with polymeric materials. Pakistan J Anal Environ Chem. 19(2):104–114. doi:10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.11.
Yulianti I, Sukainah A, Caronge MW. 2019. Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Pertanian Volume 5 April Suplemen (2019) : S251 – S261. 5:251–261.
Zukefli SN, Chua LS, Rahmat Z. 2017. Protein Extraction and Identification by Gel Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry from Edible bird’s Nest Samples. Food Anal Methods. 10(2):387–398. doi:10.1007/s12161-016-0590-7.
Published
2021-08-02
How to Cite
Widiyani, P., Latif, H., Lukman, D., & Sudarwanto, M. (2021). ARTIKEL REVIEW : BAKTERI NITRITASI DAN PERANANNYA DALAM KEBERADAAN NITRIT PADA SARANG BURUNG WALET. JURNAL KAJIAN VETERINER, 9(2), 98-109. https://doi.org/10.35508/jkv.v9i2.4731
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Articles
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