College Students Media Multitasking Behavior

Activities involving the use of several media simultaneously or alternately while working on a task are even better known as multitasking behavior in using media (media multitasking). This study aims to describe the behavior of multitasking in using media for students at the University of Nusa Cendana (Undana). The approach used is a quantitative approach with a descriptive research type. The data collection technique used the MMM-S Likert scale with the results of the measuring instrument trial showing the Cronbach alpha scale value of 0.856. The research respondents were 395 Undana students. The results of the study found that Undana students showed high multitasking behavior in using media because the empirical mean was greater than the hypothetical mean (40.17> 30), with a low category of 39 people, medium 132 people, and high as many as 224 people. Multitasking behavior in using the media is known to be 4.24 times more women respondents than men, in the age range 22-25 years, 1.64 times more than those aged 18-21 years, while based on where the respondents live in 1.32 times more households than living in a boarding house.


Introduction
Humans use various tools to help make their lives easier, such as using television and radio as a means of obtaining information, while to communicate with other human use the help of cell phones or smartphones. Students as individuals who are still studying in college also use learning aids, for example, a laptop that functions to type and make presentations, smartphones are not only used for communication but also used as a medium for finding information, and knowledge.
Media is something that can transmit messages, stimulate a person's thoughts, feelings, attention, and willingness so that it can encourage the learning process in him (Pito, 2018). Rosen (2008) states that the simultaneous use of various types of media, such as television, internet, video games, electronic messages, telephones, and e-mail is referred to as multitasking media. Media multitasking is not only the behavior of using more than one media, but also the behavior of using one media by carrying out various activities that are exclusively specific (Yeykelis, Cummings, and Reeves, 2014).
Students perform multitasking behavior in various activities such as when using a laptop to type while chewing or listening to songs, then searching for information via the internet or books (Fatmawati, 2017). During the Covid-19 pandemic, every learning process was not carried out directly but online with the help of smartphone or laptop media. This causes each student to take advantage of several media at the same time such as smartphone or laptop media and books as assistive media in learning. Marendha, Susanto, and Arifiana (2016) said that multitasking behavior can provide changes to students in facing various assigned Journal of Health and Behavioral Science Vol.2, No.4, December 2020, pp tasks so as to improve work quality and flexibility, as well as increase response to new technological changes. Although multitasking behavior can provide positive benefits to students, it can also have an impact on reducing the brain's ability to retrieve information from assignments, reducing long-term concentration skills and, the risk of fatigue.
Research related to media multitasking has been carried out, one of which by Anggarini (2018) found three types of multitasking behavior in students as content creators who are conducting information search activities through web searching, namely sequential multitasking behavior driven by boredom, simultaneous multitasking behavior driven by responsibility, and mixed multitasking behavior is driven by habits. Baumgartner, Weeda, Heijden, and Huizinga (2014) in their research showed a negative relationship between multitasking behavior in media use and the executive functions of daily life in adolescents.
Based on the description above, the authors find that multitasking behavior in the use of media provides positive benefits and also has a negative impact, besides that during the Covid-19 pandemic this caused all students, especially Undana students, to learn online by utilizing various media. So we feel the need to do this research with the aim of knowing the description of multitasking behavior in using media in Undana students. The research hypothesis is that students have high media multitasking behavior.

Method
The population used in this study were all Undana students from 11 Faculties totaling 29,618 people (Undana in Figures, 2019). The sampling technique used is convenience sampling, which is a sampling technique from people who are easy to find and reach and able to provide the required information. The number of samples used in this study was obtained through the Slovin formula (Sugiyono, 2019), namely 395 people. Each respondent was not forced to fill in the MMM-S scale but they had the right to refuse or be willing to fill in the scale. The scale model used for this research is the Likert scale. The content validity test used is the Content Validity Ratio (CVR).

Journal of Health and Behavioral Science
The CVR number moves between -1.00 to +1.00, if the greater the CVR from the number 0, the more essential and the higher the validity of the content, but if the item has a negative CVR value or equal to zero then the item is eliminated (Azwar, 2016). Obtaining CVR calculation data comes from the results of the assessment of a group of experts called Subject Matter Experts (SME). There are 3 SMEs in this study, namely a doctor, a master, and a psychologist.

Result
Respondents in this study were Undana students aged 18-25 years, both male and female, totaling 395 people, which can be described as follows:

Media Multitasking Behavior Data Categorization
Respondent research data is presented in the following table: Table 3.

Description of Media Multitasking Behavior Data
Based on the data obtained from the table above, we conducted a one-sample t-test with the help of the SPSS version 16 application to find out the population average value used as a comparison with the sample average so that the results obtained were P = 0.00 and t = 14,145 then the hypothesis is accepted.
We use hypothetical statistics in order to see the relative position of the group based on the measuring instrument, from the

Discussion
This study aims to determine the description of multitasking behavior in using media in Undana students. Based on the data obtained through categorization of scores and odd ratio It was found that based on the gender of Undana students, women students were more likely show multitasking behavior in using media 4.24 times more than men, this proves that women have a tendency to divert some media or tasks more often than men. In line with the theory put forward by Treisman on the attention theory of the attenuation model that when using two media simultaneously one still processes information from one media even though attention is focused on the other media, so it can be interpreted that women are more likely to absorb information from other media when focused on the media. Other causes them to tend to show multitasking behavior in using media than men. This is also supported by research conducted by Jeong and Fishbein (2007) which found that women are more likely to engage in multitasking behavior than men.

Journal of Health and Behavioral Science
Research data based on the age level shows that Undana students in the age range of 22-25 years have a tendency to show multitasking behavior in using media by 1.64 times higher than those aged 18-21 years. This is supported by research by Soldatavo, Svetlana, and Anna (2019) which found that the older the respondent is, the more likely it is to work by multitasking. Respondents aged 22-25 years show greater multitasking behavior because of the demand to cope with a high workload (Koning and Lourdes, 2014). In line with the opinion of Aston Jones and Cohen (2005) on Adaptive Gain Theory (AGT) which explains that one of the Locus Coeruleus (LC) firing modes, namely, the LC tonic mode, when high can cause someone to switch between tasks or media with one another, This means that respondents aged 22-25 years tend to have higher tonic LC than those aged 18-21 years, so they are more likely to show multitasking behavior in using media.
Categorization data based on residence and odd ratio It was found that Undana students who live at home tend to show higher multitasking behavior in using media 1.32 times more than students living in boarding houses. This proves that multitasking behavior in using media is considered not something that needs to be supervised or considered strange by parents whose children live with them or in a boarding house.
The most widely used media for multitasking behavior is social media with a higher and longer average usage rate when used alone or with other media.
Apart from social media, message media is the second most used media for multitaking behavior, this can be seen from the average total time used by 224 respondents who are in the high score category, which is 10.87 hours/day with a lower difference. 0.6 hours/day from social media for 10.93 hours/day.
Respondents with high score categories can be seen multitasking behavior in using Journal of Health and Behavioral Science Vol.2, No.4, December 2020, pp.277~289 Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Nusa Cendana 287 | media, namely when watching television the respondents do not use it much while listening to music with an average total score of 1.64, but the most average total score is spent involving the use of social media by 3,24. The television media tends to be rarely used by respondents because most of the respondents in this study live in boarding houses that do not have television media. Based on the research data we found that television media is not an attractive medium for respondents, this is evidenced in a day the media most used by respondents are social media and message media, while the least time is spent watching television.
Respondents listened to music while using social media with an average total score of 2.65, 1.01 points higher than while watching television, which was 1.64. Thompson, Graham and Russo (2005) in their research found that listeners with atonal musical melodies (target melodies) when performing counting tasks or visual tasks tended to reduce the depth of processing musical melodies, making it difficult for listeners to remember the musical melodies. This means that when doing a heavier task the tendency to remember musical melodies is getting less, so that the music media tends to be less attractive to respondents. In addition, when using social media, respondents tend to involve media messages more often with an average total score of 3.25.
When using message media, respondents with high score categories tend to divert it more often by using social media which can be seen from the average total score which is 3.13 higher than when using television media and listening to music as much as 2.53 and 2.67. This means that social media is the most widely used media so it tends to be difficult to let go of multitasking behavior which can be proven from the average score which tends to be higher when used together with other media.

Conclusion
Based on the results and discussion of the research conducted, it can be concluded that the multitasking behavior in using media from Undana students with a research sample of 395 people in the low category of 39 respondents (9.873%), medium as many as 132 respondents (33.32%), and high as many as 224 respondents (56.71%). Multitasking behavior in using media among Undana students is high because the empirical mean is higher than the hypothetical mean (40.17> 30).

Journal of Health and Behavioral Science
The categorization of multitasking behavior in using media based on gender was found that women tended to show higher multitasking behavior in using media by 4.24 times more than men, based on the age category of respondents aged 22-25 years tended to show multitasking behavior in using media by 1 , 64 times more than students aged 18-21 years, while based on where students live at home, there is a higher tendency to show multitasking behavior in using media by 1.32 times more than students who live in boarding houses. The most widely used media for multitasking behavior is social media.

Suggestion
The suggestions put forward in this study are that Undana students are expected to consider implementing regulations on media use so as to reduce distraction to media, especially social media by turning off media notifications when doing important activities such as studying or doing tasks that require more concentration. In addition, further research is expected to be able to find out more about media multitasking behavior in women respondents who tend to show more media multitasking behavior than men.