Sexual Knowledge and Sexual Attitudes towards Premarital Sexual Intentions of High School Adolescents

Adolescence is a transition period between childhood and adulthood. Young people are usually very curious. This study aims to determine whether sexual knowledge and attitudes are related to premarital sexual intentions among teenagers in Kupang City. This study uses a type of quantitative sample research using probability sampling methods. This study was conducted on high school youth in Kupang City with a total population of 3351 people with a sample of 255 subjects. The measurement used a modified knowledge scale from Reinisch, J (1990), attitude to behavior scale using the adaptation scale from Adhikara (2017), and the sexual intention scale using the adaptation scale from planned behavior theory tested by YSI-Q (2017). Data analysis using the Spearman correlation technique. Based on the results of the research data analysis, it was found that sexual intentions are not related to sexual knowledge but that sexual intention are related to attitudes towards behavior.


Introduction
Adolescence is a transitional period in human life that connects childhood and adulthood (Santrock, 2009). When we talk about teenagers, we are talking about a period of human life or an individual. Adolescence is an important phase in an individual's development. In youth, people have to get through it well, because after that they will move on to adulthood. Individuals often face problems that make an individual grow. This is where the knowledge and understanding and experience of adolescents clearly play a big role in solving a problem, but often individuals are wrong in facing a problem so that it leads to the problem, even a bigger one.
Indonesian youth are currently experiencing a rapid social change from a traditional to modern society. This change leads to a change in their norms, values , and lifestyle. Young people who were previously protected by the existing family system, customs, and traditional values have changed. All of this is also supported by the development of media that makes it easier for someone to access information from the outside. High levels of curiosity often lead teenagers to know something in order to improve an individual's understanding and knowledge (Pratiwi & Hari, 2010).
In general, teenagers have a high level of curiosity. Teenagers tend to be adventurous, exploring and trying things that have never been experienced, and acting like adults (Azwar, 2000). The behavior that arises is based on unfulfilled curiosity. This, of course, has an impact on sexual behavior because when teenagers get the wrong knowledge and understanding of their gender from dirty and obscene stories or videos, wrong behavior arises because they view sex as lust bestiality (Firza, 2011). Vol.3, No.1, March 2021, pp. (Junita, 2015).

Journal of Health and Behavioral Science
One of the factors influencing premarital sexual behavior is sexual knowledge. This is in line with research by Pratiwi and Hari, which found a significant association between the level of knowledge about reproductive health and sexual behavior (Pratiwi & Hari, 2010).
Sexual knowledge is one way of reducing or preventing sexual deviation.
One of them is due to the increasing popularity of pornography in various media, which has a great impact on psychological development, especially among young people. According to Wildan (quoted from Amrilah et al., 2006), sexual knowledge is knowledge of how a person behaves or acts healthily in relation to sexuality so that it does not harm himself or others.
Based on the description above, budding researchers are interested in studying the relationship between sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes to premarital sexual intentions among teenagers in Kupang City.

Method
This research uses quantitative research, with analysis using numerical data processing with statistical methods to test hypotheses (Azwar, 2012).
Quantitative research is done here through a survey. The type of research used is a correlation study. Correlation studies were used to determine the relationship between research variables, namely the relationship between sexual knowledge and Vol.3, No.1, March 2021, pp.69-82 intent to premarital sexual attitudes among adolescents in Kupang City (Notoatmodjo, 2010).

Journal of Health and Behavioral Science
The population is the entire research object or the examined object. The population in this study consists of students from SMAN Kota Kupang with a total of 3,351 (Notoatmodjo, 2012). The sampling method used in this study is the probability sampling method with the stratified random sampling method. The stratified random sampling method is a sampling method that takes into account a population level. The sample in this study was 255 with an error rate of 10%.
Data collection tools in this study were a premarital sexual behavior scale, attitudes scale, and a sexual knowledge scale. To find out the knowledge of adolescents about gender, a modification of the scale by Reinisch, J. (1990) was used, which consisted of 11 elements, which had 9 favorable elements and 2 unfavorable elements. Attitudes towards behavior using a scale adapted from Andhikari (2017) showed that the scale of sexual knowledge, sexual intentions, and pre-marital sexual attitudes had an alpha value greater than> 0.60. The data analysis technique in quantitative research studied by the researchers was a descriptive statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics can be used when the researcher only wants to describe the sample data taken (Sugiyono, 2014). Data analysis can be performed after the analytical test has been performed.

Data Description
The sexual knowledge variable consists of 7 elements, while the sexual intent variable consists of 5 elements, and the attitude variable consists of 12 elements. The research data of the subjects are shown in the following : Table 1.

Data description of sexual knowledge, intentions, and attitudes
From table 1 it can be seen that the sexual knowledge variable has a hypothetical maximum value of 7 and the hypothetical minimum value 0, the hypothetical mean and standard deviation are 3.5 and 1.16, respectively. While the maximum empirical value is 7 and the minimum empirical value is 0, the empirical mean and standard deviation are 4.14 and 1.21, respectively.
For the sexual intent variable, the hypothetical maximum value was 20 and the hypothetical minimum value was 5, the hypothetical mean and standard deviation were 12.5 and 2.5, respectively. While the maximum empirical value is 20 and the minimum empirical value is 5, the empirical mean and standard deviation are 10.4 and 4, respectively.
The hypothetical maximum value of the sexual attitudes variable is 60 and the hypothetical minimum value 12, the mean and standard deviation of the hypothesis are 36 and 8, respectively, the maximum empirical value is 52, and the minimum empirical value is 13. The mean and standard deviation of the empirical data are 28.5 and 9.1, respectively.      For participants aged 20 to 22, there were 6 participants (50%) with low sexual intentions, and 6 participants (50%) had medium sexual intentions. with medium sexual attitudes. Vol.3, No.1, March 2021, pp.69-82 Hypothesis Testing

Normality test
The results of the normality test for sexual knowledge and attitudes towards premarital sexual intentions in adolescents using SPSS are shown in the following : Table 8.

Normality test
From table 8 it can be concluded that the distribution of the data on variable sexual attitudes is normal, while sexual knowledge and sexual intention are not normally distributed. This is because the significance level of variable sexual knowledge and intent is less than 5% (0.05).

Correlation Test
The results of the hypothesis testing of sexual knowledge and intent towards attitudes with SPSS are shown below: Table 9.

Correlation test
The above shows that the coefficient of correlation between the variables of sexual knowledge and sexual intention is -0.005, which is negative, meaning that changes in the two variables are in different directions. The correlation between the two variables is not significant, since 0.941> 0.05. This shows that sexual knowledge is not significantly related to sexual attitudes, while the correlation coefficient between the variables of sexual attitudes to sexual intention is 0.501, which means that the changes in both variables are unidirectional. The correlation of the two variables is significant since 0.00 <0.05. This shows that there is a significant relationship between sexual intention and unidirectional sexual attitudes.

Discussion
This study aims to determine the relationship between sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes towards sexual intention. Based on the results of the data analysis on sexual knowledge and sexual intent, the correlation coefficient is -0.005 with a significance value of 0.941> 0.05, indicating that the relationship between the two variables is negative. This means that sexual knowledge is not related to a decrease in sexual intent among teenagers in Kupang City.
Represented from the data evaluation of sexual knowledge in table 5 with the medium category of 53.7%. These data show that adolescents' sexual knowledge is at a medium level. According to Purwaningsih (2012), parents play an important role in developing children's sexual knowledge. The more active the parents are, the more sexual knowledge there will be about children. However, this study has been done on teenagers who, based on Erikson's psychosocial theory, try many things in adolescence to find out their true identity, and usually children look for friends who have something in common with them to help overcome this. This is supported by developmental theory, which says that influence shifts from family to peers.
Based on Suwarni (2009) research, peer behavior plays the largest role in adolescent behavior. This is in line with the research by Mesra & Fauziah (2016), which found that peers are the dominant variable associated with adolescent sexual behavior. This is because teens spend more time with their peers in the development process. Many activities in school involve the children gathering and interacting with each other. Sumiatin et al. (2017) say that intention is seen as a motivation catcher that influences behavior. In general, the stronger the intention, the more likely it is to engage with the behavior. This is to say that there is no connection between sexual knowledge and sexual intention Vol.3, No.1, March 2021, pp.69-82 The second hypothesis is that there is a relationship between sexual attitudes and sexual intentions. Based on the results of the data analysis on sexual attitudes and sexual intentions, the correlation coefficient is 0.501 with a significance value of 0.00 <0.05, which indicates that the relationship between the two variables is positive. This means that there is a connection between sexual attitudes and sexual intentions.

Journal of Health and Behavioral Science
In the data from  In this case, it is also said that the attitude begins when a belief is formed.
Based on the discussion above, it shows that the relationship between sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes toward sexual intent is more likely to be Vol.3, No.1, March 2021, pp.69-82 derived from peer influence. This is due to the social development of young people who spend more time with like-minded people.

Conclusion
Based on the results of the research conducted it can be concluded that there is no relationship between sexual knowledge and sexual intentions. This means that the level of sexual knowledge has no relation to seeing one's sexual intentions. There is a positive relationship between sexual attitudes and sexual intentions. This means that high sexual attitudes have a strong relationship with one's sexual intentions.

Suggestion
For Youth in Kupang City, it is hoped that Kupang City youth can understand the importance of sexual knowledge, sexual intentions and sexual attitudes in their daily life. For Government, the government is expected to be able to establish socialization regarding the importance of sexual knowledge, sexual intentions, and attitudes in adolescents from any age. For Other Researchers, it is expected to dig deeper into sexual knowledge, sexual intentions, and attitudes, and relate them to other variables.