Self-identity of Adolescents at the Lasiana Orphanage

In the process of forming self-identity, several factors influence the process of forming self-identity, namely the influence of family on adolescent identity, the influence of cultural and ethnic identity, and gender. The influence of family on the formation of adolescent self-identity is very important in the developmental period of adolescents who experience many changes in self-identity. This study aims to determine the effect of self-identity on adolescents at the Lasiana Orphanage, Kupang City in terms of gender. This type of research is a quantitative study. The sample size is 117 orphanage children who are willing to fill out the Coisoner scale. The type of research used is the comparative method, namely to determine the differences in identity among adolescents at the Lasiana Orphanage in terms of gender. The test result of sample T-test independent declared that self-identity on adolescent at the lasiana orphanage, Kupang city is no significant difference, this is obtained from sing (1-tailed) result amount is (0,86) (p >0,05) so ho is rejected, that means no significant difference.


Introduction
During adolescent development, adolescents begin to think abstractly, idealistically, and logically and have developmental tasks that must be fulfilled in adolescence, namely being able to develop self-abilities and be able to form a good self-identity. Self-identity is the principle of unity that differentiates oneself from others where the individual must decide who he is and how his role is in life and is a unity formed from the principles, ways of life, views that determine the next way of life ( Papalia et al., 2011) The influence of family on the formation of adolescent self-identity is very important in the developmental period of adolescents who experience many changes in self-identity. In line with what has been explained that in the process of psychosocial development, adolescents will express themselves in relationships with parents, peers, and siblings. It adds that a closer relationship during the growth and development that a child experiences with his parents can establish a safe personality pattern and determine the further development of the individual. The role of parents influences the significant changes experienced by adolescents. Adolescents who do not get enough attention and guidance are very likely to feel less affectionate so that they tend to experience an identity crisis ( Kartono dan Gulo,2003) Youth at the orphanage can be said to be less fortunate because they do not have the opportunity to enjoy the love of their parents. Orphanage teens need figures from parents who can provide a sense of security, love, and guidance. In an orphanage, the children are given a place to live and the role of the parents is replaced by a caregiver who has to share his attention and protection with the many children in the institution. This is supported by the results of the interview. The results of the interview are on Friday, November 15, 2019. One of the caregivers of the orphanage explained that many reasons make teenagers stay in an orphanage, including losing their parents and economic problems that make them have to live in an orphanage. The results of an interview with one of the teenagers at the orphanage with the initials MX on November 15, 2019, showed that each teenager has different characteristics, some teenagers talk a lot, shy and quiet. One of the teenagers at the orphanage with the initials MX said that if someone talked about their bad things and shortcomings, they usually reported it to the nanny at the orphanage. MX also said that when they made a mistake, the other party would associate the mistake with their status as children of the orphanage, for example when they were late in paying school committee fees, the teacher immediately scolded and associated them with their status as children living in the orphanage. According to MX, this is very disturbing to the children living in the orphanage. MX also talks about themselves living in the orphanage that they are used to living alone without people without interference from their parents who have given birth to them, in the sense that they are used to living alone without people. MX's parents also talked that he would make his life more useful, both for himself, others, and his environment. For those who live in an orphanage, according to MX, there may be a difference between children living in an orphanage with those who do not live in an orphanage, the compassion that gives to them is not fair. This was also explained by one of the caregivers with the initials YO that the orphanage teenagers would immediately humble themselves if they left and were teased about their status. If this continues, it will cause a tendency to close oneself, lack self-confidence which leads to the formation of one's self-identity (Resty, 2015).
Based on the description of the problem and previous studies, the authors are interested in researching "How Self-Identity of Adolescents in Lasiana Orphanage, Kupang City in terms of Gender"

Method
The data collection technique used was a questionnaire distributed to adolescents at the Lasiana Orphanage, Kupang City with a total of 117 respondents and 117 people who were willing to fill out the questionnaire scale. This research uses quantitative research methods, called quantitative research methods because the analysis is on quantitative data (numbers) that are collected through measurement procedures and processed by statistical analysis methods (Azwar, 2017). The analysis uses descriptive analysis, normality test, homogeneity test, and variance using computerization (Azwar 2010). A normality test is used to determine the normality of data. Data that is normally distributed if the data is> 0.05. The homogeneity test is used to determine whether the identity data is homogeneous or not homogeneous. The design of this study is a comparative analysis method which is usually carried out on the type of research that leads to differences in variables in an aspect under study. This is done to see differences in identity among adolescents at the Lasiana Orphanage, Kupang City in terms of gender. Vol.3, No.3, September 2021, pp. 334~344 Result Table 1 Categories of Self-Identity in Adolescents in the Lasiana Orphanage, Kupang City in terms of Gender. This Self-Identity Pengologan uses a normal distribution model to find out the identity of the gender.

Journal of Health and Behavioral Science
X <126 Low Based on the results of the above calculations, the overall empirical mean of identity with a value of 201.67 is put into the theoretical mean, the result is in the high category, namely 198 ≤ X. into the theoretical mean size, the result is in the high category, namely 198 ≤ X. The empirical mean of self-identity in adolescent girls with a value of 193.51 is put into the theoretical mean, the result is in the medium category, namely 126 ≤ X <198.
The Mann-Whitney U test is a non-parametric statistical test conducted to determine the differences in a variable in two different groups. Whether there is a difference in the two differentiating groups can be seen from the calculated significance value. If the calculated significance value is less than 0.05 (p <0.05) then the data is concluded that there is a difference, conversely, if the calculated significance value is greater than 0.05 (p> 0.05) it can be concluded that there is no difference. The following is a  .000 Based on Table 2 above, it is known that the Mann-Whitney U value is 843,000 with a significance value of 0,000 (p <0.05), which means that there is a significant difference between the identity of male and female adolescents at the Lasiana Orphanage , Kupang City. Self-identity in male adolescents with an average score of 214.71 is higher than that of female adolescents with an average value of 193.51. The result of HO is accept. Based on Table 3 above, it is known that the Mann-Whitney U Test calculation on the genetic aspect obtained a Mann-Whitney U count of 955,000 with a significance value of 0,000 (p <0.05) which means that there is a significant difference between genetic aspects in adolescents. male and female. The genetic aspect of male adolescents with an average score of 48.07 was higher than the genetic aspect of adolescent girls with an average score of 44.39.

Adaptive aspects
Based on Table 3 above, it is known that the Mann-Whitney U Test calculation on the adaptive aspect obtained a Mann-Whitney U count of 825,500 with a significance value of 0.000 (p <0.05) which means that there is a significant difference between the adaptive aspects of adolescents. male and female. The adaptive aspect of adolescent girls with an average score of 47.98 was higher than the adaptive aspect of adolescent girls with an average score of 41.61.

Structural aspects
Based on Table 3 above, it is known that the Mann-Whitney U Test calculation on the structural aspect obtained a Mann-Whitney U count of 1229,500 with a significance value of 0.028 (p <0.05) which means that there is a significant difference between structural aspects. in adolescent boys and girls. The structural aspects of adolescent girls with an average score of 29.80 were higher than the structural aspects of adolescent girls with an average score of 27.60.

Dynamic aspects
Based on Table 3 above, it is known that the Mann-Whitney U Test calculation on the dynamic aspect obtained the Mann-Whitney U count of 861,000 with a significance value of 0,000 (p <0.05) which means that there is a significant difference between dynamic aspects of adolescents. male and female. The dynamic aspect of male adolescents with an average score of 44.82 was higher than the dynamic aspects of adolescent girls with an average score of 39.72.

The reciprocal aspects of psychology
Based on Table 3 above, it is known that the Mann-Whitney U Test calculation on the psychological reciprocity aspect obtained the Mann-Whitney U value calculated as 1160,500 with a significance value of 0.010 (p <0.05) which means that there is a significant difference between the reciprocal aspect of psychology in adolescent boys and girls. The reciprocal aspect of psychology in adolescent boys with an average score of 19.16 was higher than the reciprocal aspect of psychology in adolescent girls with an average score of 17.44 6. Existential structural aspects Based on Table 3 above, it is known that the calculation of the Mann-Whitney U Test on the aspects of the existential structure obtained a calculated Mann-Whitney U value of 1218,000 with a significance value of 0.024 (p <0.05) which means that there is a significant difference between the aspects existential structure in adolescent boys and girls. The existential structure aspect of male adolescents with an average value of 24.89 is higher than the existential structure in adolescent girls with an average score of 23.04.

Discussion
The results of this study were also strengthened by the statistical results of the Independent sample T-test which stated that the self-identity of adolescents in the Lasiana orphanage, Kupang city, had no significant difference. This is obtained from the sig (1-tailed) result of (0.086) (p> 0.05) so that H0 is rejected, meaning that there is no significant difference.
Based on the results of descriptive analysis, it was found that the genetic aspect was in the high criteria, with a percentage of 58.8%. Most male adolescents (82.3%) have high genetic aspects, while in female adolescents most of them (55.5%) have moderate genetic aspects. These results indicate that the genetic aspect of male adolescents is higher than in adolescent girls.
The second aspect is adaptive. This aspect is in the medium criteria, with a percentage of 52.9%. Most male adolescents (66.6%) have adaptive aspects which are classified as high, while in female adolescents most (65.3%) have moderate adaptive aspects. These results indicate that the adaptive aspect of male adolescents is higher than adolescent girls.
The third aspect is structural. This aspect is in the medium criteria, with a percentage of 52.1%. Most male adolescents (62.3%) had structural aspects that were classified as high, while in female adolescents most (61.1%) had moderate structural aspects. These results indicate that the structural aspects of male adolescents are higher than adolescent girls.
The fourth aspect, dynamic, is in the high criteria, with a percentage of 58.9%. Most of the male adolescents (82.2%) have dynamic aspects which are classified as high, while in female adolescents most (50.5%) have moderate dynamic aspects. These results indicate that the dynamic aspects of boys are higher than girls.
Aspect five is psychological reciprocity. This aspect is in the medium criteria, with a percentage of 51.2%. Most of the male adolescents (60%) have a psychological reciprocity aspect that is classified as high, while in female adolescents most of the students (58.3%) have a moderate psychological reciprocity aspect. These results indicate that the reciprocal aspect of psychology in boys is higher than in girls.
The sixth aspect is existential status. This aspect is in the high criteria, with a percentage of 70.1%. Most male adolescents (82.2%) have high existential status aspects, while most of the female adolescents 62.5%) also have high existential status aspects. These results indicate that the aspects of the existential status of male and female adolescents are both in the high category. Based on the calculation of the frequency distribution of each aspect, the highest aspect is the existential structure aspect. This shows that the aspect of the existential structure has the biggest role in the high self-identity of adolescents in the Lasiana orphanage in Kupang City.
Based on the calculation with the Mann-Whitney U Test, the results of the work hypothesis testing, which states that there are differences in self-identity between male and female adolescents, where male adolescents have a more positive self-identity than female adolescents are accepted. The results of this study are in line with the opinion of Santrock (2007: 199) that one of the factors affecting self-identity is gender. Where men are more career-oriented and ideological commitment, while women are primarily oriented towards marriage and childcare. The results of this study are also in line with previous research researched by Purwanti (2013) which found that there were differences in self-identity between boys and girls.

Conclusion
Based on the analysis results that have been discussed, the conclusions from the results of this study are as follows: In general, the identity of male and female adolescents in the Lasiana orphanage in Kupang City is in the high category with a percentage of 58.2% (68 adolescents). Most of the male adolescents (75.5%) had high self-identities, while the majority of girls (47.3%) had moderate Journal of Health and Behavioral Science Vol.3, No.3, September 2021, pp. 334~344 identities. Overall, the identity of teenage boys and girls in the Lasiana orphanage in Kupang City is classified as high, meaning that teenagers at the Lasiana orphanage in Kupang City have full awareness of placing themselves and giving meaning to themselves as a person and have relatively stable beliefs. and sufficient to have an important role in the context of social life.
The results of the hypothesis testing show that there is a significant difference between the self-identity of boys and girls in the Lasiana orphanage, Kupang City. Self-identity in male adolescents with an average score of 214.71 is higher than that of female adolescents with an average value of 193.51, which means that male adolescents have a more positive self-identity than female adolescents in the orphanage. care of Lasiana in Kupang City.

Suggestion
This research suggests that for adolescents, self-identity is very important; because adolescence is a time when he is in search of his identity. Teenagers are expected to be able to make the right choices about sharing choices concerning themselves and others. For researchers: it is hoped that further research can be carried out with a larger number of samples and evenly. Due to time constraints, this research was only conducted in one orphanage, namely Lasiana Orphanage, Kupang City.