Review of Hauteas Meaning and Spirituality on Timorese

Humans as spiritual beings certainly have great faith, which is higher in something that is outside of themselves. This belief is what then forms himself and his actions to always direct his life to something higher and bigger. This belief or spirit to always direct is known as spirituality. Spirituality is the individual's belief in a Supreme figure and believes in a bond with his spirit. Hauteas is one of the symbols of spirituality in the village of East T'eba, Biboki Tanpah District, North Central Timor Regency. Hauteas is one of the round-shaped wood which is planted in the ground, at the top of the wood three branches form a triangle. One branch in the middle is longer and the other two are shorter. The long branches are usually pinned to Uis Neno (God). Two short branches are usually pinned to adat and government. The people of Timor are also known as Atoni Pah Meto or as gatherers, which means they like to move from place to place due to war or the danger of disease or being spread by indigenous religions and the natural surroundings that are not friendly to humans. This paper discusses literature related to spirituality and Hauteas meaning on the Timorese people.


Introduction
Every human being is essentially a physical and social being. The development of physical and social aspects of an individual starts from an early age (Ngawas, Bunga & Kiling, 2014;Halla, Bunga & Kiling, 2014) ). Apart from being a physical and social being, he is also a spiritual being. As a spiritual being, he certainly has a great deal of faith, which is higher in something that is outside of himself. This belief is what then forms himself and his actions to always direct his life to something higher and bigger. This belief or spirit to always direct is known as spirituality. The word spirituality comes from the Latin Spiritus, which means to breathe or wind. The soul gives life to a person. According to Mauk and Schmidt, spirituality is often defined as awareness within a person and a sense of being connected to something higher, natural, or some goal greater than oneself (Potter and Perry, 2010). Schreurs (2002) states that spirituality is an individual's belief in a great figure and believes in a bond with his spirit. According to Mario Beauregard and Denyse O'Leary, they argue that Spirituality means an experience that thinks to bring and experience it into contact with God (in other words, not just experiences that feel meaningful) ( in Ardian, 2016). Spirituality is a broad term covering a variety of domains of meaning that may differ among various cultural, national, and religious groups (Nelson, 2009).
Spirituality is a process that moves a person to achieve something higher. There are two directions to achieve something higher, these two directions are as follows: (1) usually inward into a deeper, wider experience or to a transcendent universality or higher reality (whatever name is given); (2) Towards an intimate, interconnected with the whole universe and everyone in it. The results of individual growth in spirituality Journal of Health and Behavioral Science Vol.3, No.1, March 2021, pp.83-93 in the two directions above take the form of behavior, feelings, and attitudes taken (Biberman & Tischler, 2008).
Spirituality, which is a person who has a strong and coherent belief about the higher purpose and meaning of the universe, will know his position in a larger context, this belief shapes his actions and becomes a source of peace for him (Arif, 2016). Roof et al. found spirituality includes four themes namely: (1) as a source of value, meaning, and purpose of life over the edge of selfhood (beyond the self), including a sense of mystery (sense of mystery) and a self-transcendence (self-transcendence), (2) A way to understand and understand life, (3) inner awareness and (4) personal integration (in Syamsuddin, 2011).
Emmons says that it is too simple to think of spirituality as passive and static behavior that a person has, or behavior that is bound up in it, such as rituals. He sees spirituality as a series of skills (skills), wealth (resources), strength ( capacities ), or abilities ( abilities ) that allows a person to be able to solve problems and achieve goals in their lives every day (Adami, 2008). Based on expert opinions, the authors conclude that spirituality is a consciousness that will experience a person's thinking, to have purpose and meaning in life associated with something higher.

Aspects of Spirituality
According to Schreurs (2002) spirituality consists of three aspects, namely, existential, cognitive, and relations.
1. The existential aspect, every person is seen as a unique individual, in facing responsibility for the limitations of his own life in concrete situations in the world.
2. Cognitive aspects, when someone tries to be more receptive to a transcendent reality. Usually done by studying literature or reflecting on a particular spirituality reading, training the ability to concentrate, also by removing categorical thought patterns that have been formed beforehand to perceive experiences more clearly and reflect on these experiences, it is called the cognitive aspect because activities carried out in this aspect are activities to seek spiritual knowledge. 3) Connectedness, which is a belief that a person is part of a larger human reality that transcends certain generations and groups.

Characteristics of Spirituality
Kozier, Erb, Blais, and Wilkinson, (1995( in Astaria, 2010  Quality of life itself is necessary for a person's mental health from an early age up until older age (Kiling-Bunga & Kiling, 2015b).

Relationships with others
One's relationship with others, as important as oneself, one of its forms is being a member of society and being recognized as a core part. This relationship is

Relationship with God
The understanding of God and the relationship between man and God is understood in terms of religious life, but today it has been developed more broadly and is not limited. God is understood as the unifying force, the principle of life, or the essence of life. Relationship with God includes both religious and non-religious. This situation involves prayer and prayer, participation in worship activities, religious equipment, and unity with nature.

Relationship with the environment
The environment is everything that a person is around. Relationship with nature harmony is a description of a person's relationship with nature which includes knowledge of plants, trees, wildlife, climate and communicating with nature and protecting nature.

Factors of Spirituality
According to Taylor and Craven & Hirnle, factors that can affect one's spirituality include (in Ummah 2016):

Developmental stage
Developmental age can determine the process of fulfilling one's spiritual needs. Spirituality is related to non-material power, one must have some ability to think abstractly before starting to understand spirituality and explore a relationship with God.

Crisis and change
Crisis and change can strengthen one's spirituality. A crisis is often experienced by a person when facing illness, suffering, aging process, loss, and even death. Changes in life and the crises they face are experiences of spirituality that are both physical and emotional.

Separated from the bonds of spirituality
Suffering from illness, especially of an acute nature, often leaves individuals feeling isolated and deprived of personal freedom from the social support system. As a result, daily life habits have also changed, including not being able to attend official events, participating in religious activities, or not being able to gather with family or close friends who can provide support at any time if desired.

Timorese people
According to Neonbasu (2013), the people of Timor are also known as Atoni Pah Meto or as gatherers, which means they like to move from place to place due to war or the danger of disease or being spread by indigenous religions and the natural surroundings that are not friendly to humans.
The Atoni people live in an inland area on the island of Timor which covers an area of approximately 11,799 km 2 and is very dry. People who live in the city of Vol.3, No.1, March 2021, pp.83-93 Kupang called the Atoni that "the mountain" or "indigenous people". Meanwhile, the Atoni people themselves call themselves Atoni people, which means human. The characteristics of the Atoni people are short stature, the size of the head is brachycephalic, blackish skin, and curly hair (Koentjharaningrat, 2004). Atoni people, unlike Sumbanese (people on other islands nearby), are not classified into castes or structural social classes (Kiling & Bunga, 2014a).

Conclusion
Spirituality is the consciousness that will experience a person's thinking, to have purpose and meaning in life associated with something higher. Hauteas is a wooden staple or sacred pillar, consisting of three wooden branches that symbolize the strength and control of life, namely Uis Neno (God or heavenly god), Uis Pah (earth god), and be'i nai (ancestral spirits). Hauteas has it's own history in the people of East T'eba because Hauteas is the legacy of their ancestors before the people in East T'eba village knew religion. Hauteas has a function, one of it's functions is as an altar to offer sacrifices in the form of animals, and is a meeting place between people who believe and Uis Neno (God  Vol.3, No.1, March 2021, pp.83-93