Journal of Health and Behavioral Science

Forgiveness in Enright’s Theory: A Study of College Students with a History of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury

2026-09-30T04:25:50+00:00

Introduction Forgiveness is an important psychological process that supports emotional recovery among individuals with a history of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI).

Aim This study aimed to explore the self-forgiveness process based on Enright’s Process Model of Forgiveness among female university students in Kupang City with NSSI experiences. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed involving five female university students. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Result The findings showed that participants experienced four phases of forgiveness: Uncovering, characterized by guilt, shame, and self-blame; Decision, marked by the commitment to forgive themselves; Work, involving self-compassion, acceptance, and social support; Deepening, reflected in emotional relief, self-acceptance, and personal growth.

Conclusion Participants progressed through these phases at different paces depending on their personal experiences and social support. The findings suggest that self-forgiveness is a gradual process that promotes emotional healing and psychological growth among female students with NSSI histories.

Post-Flood Eco-Anxiety: A Phenomenological Study of Flood Survivors

2026-09-30T04:25:51+00:00

Introduction Eco-anxiety refers to anxiety related to environmental threats and uncertainty about future environmental conditions. Most existing research has focused on general populations, while evidence on eco-anxiety among individuals directly exposed to environmental disasters remains limited, especially in developing countries.

Aim This study explores the lived experiences of eco-anxiety among flood survivors in Tapanuli Tengah Regency, North Sumatra, following the November 2025 flash floods.

Result Three themes emerged: emotional responses to environmental stimuli, recurring thoughts about the flood and the environment in the future, and disruptions to daily functioning intertwined with post-flood economic difficulties.

Conclusion Eco-anxiety following direct flood exposure was reflected not only in emotional responses to environmental cues but also in recurring concerns about future flooding and its implications for everyday safety and livelihood recovery. Psychological support for flood survivors may therefore benefit from addressing both responses to the past disaster and concerns about future environmental threats, alongside livelihood recovery and disaster preparedness.

Emotional Dependence on a Dating Partner from an Early-Adulthood Perspective

2026-09-30T04:25:53+00:00

Introduction Emotional dependence refers to an excessive affective need for a romantic partner as the primary source of security, emotional support, and self-validation.

Aim This qualitative descriptive study explored the characteristics of emotional dependence among young adult dating couples in Kupang City. Six participants with high emotional dependence, identified using the Cuestionario de Dependencia Emocional (CDE), were selected through purposive sampling and interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed thematically and validated through member checking.

Result Six themes emerged: affective needs toward the partner, fear of loss or separation, perceptions of the partner, sacrifices in the relationship, the relationship’s centrality in life, and experiences of conflict and separation threats. Participants viewed their partners as their primary emotional resource, exhibited intense communication needs, prioritized their partners’ needs over their own, and experienced emotional distress during conflicts.

Conclusion These findings highlight emotional dependence as a pattern shaping cognition, emotion, and behavior in young adults’ romantic relationships.