Journal of Health and Behavioral Science

The Psychological Experiences of Male Survivors of Sexual Violence

2026-03-31T01:28:07+00:00

Sexual violence against men remains underdiscussed and is often marginalized due to prevailing masculinity stigma. This study aims to explore the psychological experiences of male survivors of sexual violence in Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara. The research employed a qualitative approach using the photovoice method for data collection, involving five male survivors of sexual violence. Thematic analysis identified four main themes. First, the forms of sexual violence experienced included conventional violence (physical, verbal, and non-verbal) as well as digital sexual violence. Second, survivors experienced revictimization through masculinity stigma and barriers to seeking help. Third, survivors’ psychological responses emerged spontaneously across cognitive, affective, and conative domains. Fourth, survivors developed psychological capital in the form of self-efficacy, optimism, and resilience. This study highlights that the psychological experiences of male survivors are complex and shaped by gender norms and social contexts, thus requiring inclusive and gender-sensitive approaches.

Optimism of Women with Belis

2026-03-31T01:28:07+00:00

Marriage practices rooted in local cultural traditions often shape women’s psychological experiences and well-being. In the Nagekeo community, the ‘belis’ tradition not only represents social respect and cultural identity but also presents social, economic, and emotional challenges for women within marital life. This study aims to identify the factors that influence women's optimism with belis in Nagekeo, using a descriptive qualitative method with 7 participants. Data were collected through interviews and thematic analysis. The results found four main themes that shape women's optimism: (1) social support, including support from husbands, children, immediate family, and the social environment; (2) self-esteem that arises from social appreciation and acceptance after the belis process; (3) self-confidence through involvement in decision-making, adaptability, and self-control; (4) accumulated experience, including readiness for marriage and spiritual conviction. These findings show that women's optimism is shaped by mutually reinforcing factors that help them persevere and view marriage positively.