Cendana Medical Journal

Effectiveness of Antifungal Shampoo Preparation Formula of Kepok Banana Peel Extract (Musa paradisiaca L.) Against The Growth of Malassezia furfur

Maria Vianey Dominika Seda Pia — 2026-04-21

Abstract

Background: Malassezia furfur is a pathogenic organism that causes dandruff. One way to prevent dandruff is by washing the hair using shampoo that contains anti-dandruff active ingredients. Continuous use of synthetic shampoos can cause the hair to become dry, easily brittle, irritate the eyes and scalp, and damage the hair shaft. Herbal shampoos have become popular due to consumers’ belief that they contain natural ingredients that are safer and have minimal side effects. One natural ingredient that can be used is the peel of kepok banana (Musa paradisiaca L.).

Objective: To determine the antifungal activity of a shampoo formulation containing kepok banana peel extract (Musa paradisiaca L.) against the growth of Malassezia furfur.

Methods: The type of research conducted was a true experimental study with a post-test only control group design. In this study, there were treatment groups given shampoo containing kepok banana peel extract at concentrations of 1.56%, 3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%, a negative control group using the shampoo base, and a positive control group using shampoo containing 1% selenium sulfide. The data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA.

Results: All shampoo formulations showed suboptimal physical characteristics. Concentrations of 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100% demonstrated antifungal activity against the growth of Malassezia furfur.

Conclusion: There is antifungal activity from the shampoo formulation containing kepok banana peel extract (Musa paradisiaca L.) against the growth of Malassezia furfur.

CORRELATION BETWEEN LEARNING APPROACH AND BURNOUT IN PRECLINIC MEDICAL STUDENTS OF NUSA CENDANA UNIVERSITY

Anggi Rahmandinah Susilowati — 2026-04-23

ABSTRACT

Background: The medical school curricula is one of the most difficult curricula in

the world and special attention about mental so that medical students are more

susceptible to mental health problems. If medical students do not use the effective

learning approach then will be difficult to adjust to academic demands, so that

learning results tend to be lower and can cause stres. A long period of stres can lead

to burnout.

Objective : To determine the relationship between learning approach and burnout

among students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Nusa Cendana

Methods: This reasearch is an observational analytic study with cross sectional

design conducted on preclinical students of Faculty of Medicine, University of Nusa

Cendana. The sampling technique was stratified random sampling with a sample size

of 157 respondents from the 2018, 2019 dan 2020 batches. Learning approach data

were obtained from filling out the ASSIST questionnaire and burnout data were

abtained from filling out the CBI-S questionnaire via google form. The study was

analyzed by univariate, bivariate using the coefficient contingency and multivariate

using logistic regression.

Result: The result of bivariate analysis with the Contingency Coefficient test obtained

p value = 0,027(p<0,05) and r=0,288

Conclusion: There is a significant and weak relationship between learning approach

and burnout among students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Nusa Cendana.

Key Words : learning approach, burnout, medical students

The Relationship Between Social Support, ARV Adherence, and Depression Levels Among PLWHA in Kupang City

Steven Simplisius Elim — 2026-04-23

Introduction : Depression consistently tends to be experienced by people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) at a rate of two to four times higher than the normal population. Two factors are social support and poor therapy compliance.

Objectives: To analyse the relationship between social support and ARV therapy adherence with the level of depression in PLWHA in Kupang.

Methods: This study employed an observational analytical research design with a cross-sectional approach involving PLWHA. Data were collected using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS-3), and The Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS-5) questionnaires. Sampling was conducted using a non-probability snowball sampling technique, resulting in a total of 98 respondents. This study was analysed univariately and bivariately using the Somer's D test.

Results: The bivariate analysis results between social support and depression level had a p-value of 0.006 (p<0.05). The bivariate analysis results between ARV therapy adherence level and the level of depression had a p-value of 0.097 (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Social support significantly affects depression levels in PLWHA in Kupang, while ARV therapy adherence shows no significant relationship with their depression levels.

Keywords: Social Support, ARV Therapy Adherence, Depression

The Antibacterial Effectiveness of Papaya Leaf (Carica papaya) and Betadine Leaf (Jatropha multifida) Extracts Against the Growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis

Lu'lu Yatul Farikhah — 2026-04-23

Staphylococcus epidermidis merupakan bakteri yang normal terdapat pada kulit manusia dan dapat menyebabkan infeksi serius apabila masuk ke dalam jaringan tubuh melalui luka terbuka atau alat medis. Penggunaan antiseptik sintetis dalam jangka panjang dapat menimbulkan iritasi kulit dan gangguan mikrobiota, sehingga mendorong dicarinya alternatif antiseptik alami yang lebih aman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan membandingkan efektivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun pepaya (Carica papaya) dan ekstrak daun betadine (Jatropha multifida) terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Kedua tanaman tersebut diketahui mengandung senyawa bioaktif seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, tanin, dan terpenoid yang berperan sebagai antibakteri alami. Metode yang digunakan adalah difusi cakram dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100%. Pengujian dilakukan dengan cara menginkubasi bakteri dalam media MHA yang telah diberi cakram berisi ekstrak selama 2x24 jam pada suhu 37°C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi 100% dari kedua jenis ekstrak menghasilkan zona hambat terbesar, yaitu masing-masing 15 mm. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun betadine dan ekstrak daun pepaya sama-sama efektif pada konsentrasi tinggi. Penelitian ini memperkuat potensi pemanfaatan tanaman lokal sebagai bahan antiseptik alternatif yang ramah lingkungan dan mudah diperoleh, terutama bagi daerah masyarakat yang aksesnya terbatas terhadap antiseptik komersial.

EFFECT OF SAMBILOTO EXTRACT (Andrographis paniculata Nees ) ON HISTOPATHOLOGICAL DISCUSSION OF WHITE RATS (Rattus norvegicus) HIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA MODELS

Lorenza Abatan — 2026-04-23

Introduction: Hypercholesterolemia is a state which can increase free radicals in the body. Sambiloto has antioxidant and anti-inflammation effects that will bind with the free radicals. Methods: This research is a laboratory experimental study with the approach of true experimental design post-test with control group applied to the treatment and control group. The sampling technique is using randomized probability sampling. Samples divided into 6 groups consisted of normal control group, negative control group, positive control group and 3 groups of applying the extract in several doses. Results: Bivariate analysis results shows there is a significant effect on sambiloto extract giving with the jejunum histopathological image on wistar strain white rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to hypercholesteremia model with the significance value of p= 0,001 (p<0,05). Discussion: Administration of Sambiloto extract at a dose of 800 mg/kgBB has a significant effect in repairing damage to the jejunum of white rats due to hypercholesterolemia. Sambiloto has antidislipidemia, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Andrographolid increases HDL levels by increasing the activity of lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT). Conclusion: There is a significant result on sambiloto extract giving with the jejunum histopathological image on wistar strain white rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to hypercholesteremia model.