ANALISIS PENDAPATAN NELAYAN ALAT TANGKAP JARING INSANG (GILLNET) DI DESA DAIAMA, KECAMATAN LANDU LEKO, KABUPATEN ROTE NDAO

Abstract

Abstrak: Nelayan di Desa Daiama, Kecamatan Landu Leko, Kabupaten Rote Ndao sebagian besar menggunakan alat tangkap jaring insang (gillnet) sebagai sarana utama penangkapan ikan karena praktis, terjangkau, dan sesuai dengan kondisi perairan setempat. Namun, tingkat pendapatan nelayan masih berfluktuasi akibat hasil tangkapan harian, kondisi cuaca, musim penangkapan, serta harga jual ikan di pasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat penerimaan, biaya, dan pendapatan nelayan jaring insang, menganalisis struktur biaya usaha, serta menganalisis kelayakan usaha penangkapan ikan di Desa Daiama. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni–Juli 2025 menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik purposive sampling terhadap 34 responden nelayan jaring insang yang ditentukan berdasarkan rumus Slovin dari populasi 48 orang dengan taraf kesalahan 10%. Data dianalisis menggunakan perhitungan Total Biaya (TC = FC + VC), Total Penerimaan (TR = Q × P), Pendapatan (π = TR − TC), Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C), dan Break Even Point (BEP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan total penerimaan nelayan sebesar Rp429.805.000 per bulan dengan rata-rata Rp12.641.324 per nelayan, sedangkan total biaya sebesar Rp269.220.000 per bulan, terdiri atas biaya tetap Rp77.690.000 (28,85%) dan biaya variabel Rp191.530.000 (71,15%), dengan bahan bakar minyak sebagai komponen biaya terbesar (33,30%). Pendapatan bersih nelayan sebesar Rp160.585.000 per bulan atau rata-rata Rp4.723.088 per nelayan, berdasarkan UMK Kabupaten Rote Ndao tahun 2024 sebesar Rp2.186.826. Nilai R/C Ratio sebesar 1,60 dan BEP sebesar Rp140.127.912 menunjukkan bahwa usaha penangkapan ikan jaring insang di Desa Daiama layak dan menguntungkan untuk dijalankan serta memiliki prospek pengembangan yang baik ke depannya.

Kata Kunci: Jaring Insang, Pendapatan, Biaya, R/C Ratio, BEP, Desa Daiama.

Abstract: Most fishermen in Daiama Village, Landu Leko Subdistrict, Rote Ndao Regency predominantly use gillnets as their primary fishing gear because they are practical, affordable, and well-suited to local water conditions. However, fishermen's income levels remain fluctuating due to daily catch results, weather conditions, fishing seasons, and market fish prices. This study aims to determine the level of revenue, costs, and income of gillnet fishermen, analyze the business cost structure, and analyze the feasibility of the fishing business in Daiama Village. The research was conducted in June–July 2025 using a quantitative descriptive method with a purposive sampling technique involving 34 gillnet fishermen respondents, determined using the Slovin formula from a population of 48 people with a 10% margin of error. Data were analyzed using calculations of Total Cost (TC = FC + VC), Total Revenue (TR = Q × P), Income (π = TR − TC), Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C), and Break Even Point (BEP). The results showed that total fishermen's revenue amounted to IDR 429,805,000 per month, with an average of IDR 12,641,324 per fisherman, while total costs amounted to IDR 269,220,000 per month, consisting of fixed costs of IDR 77,690,000 (28.85%) and variable costs of IDR 191,530,000 (71.15%), with fuel oil as the largest cost component (33.30%). Fishermen's net income amounted to IDR 160,585,000 per month, or an average of IDR 4,723,088 per fisherman, which exceeds the 2024 Rote Ndao Regency Minimum Wage (UMK) of IDR 2,186,826. The R/C Ratio value of 1.60 and BEP of IDR 140,127,912 indicate that the gillnet fishing business in Daiama Village is feasible and profitable to operate and has good development prospects going forward.

Keywords: Gillnet, Income, Cost, R/C Ratio, BEP, Daiama Village