SISTEM BAGI HASIL NELAYAN PUKAT CINCIN (PURSE SEINE) DI DESA TABLOLONG KECAMATAN KUPANG BARAT KABUPATEN KUPANG

Abstract

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pembagian kerja nelayan pukat cincin (purse seine), sistem bagi hasil, serta tingkat pendapatan juragan kapal dan Anak Buah Kapal (ABK) di Desa Tablolong, Kecamatan Kupang Barat, Kabupaten Kupang. Penelitian menggunakan metode statistik deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara terstruktur, dokumentasi, dan studi pustaka. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 24 responden yang terdiri atas juragan kapal dan ABK, yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembagian kerja nelayan telah tersusun secara jelas sesuai dengan tugas dan tanggung jawab masing-masing. Juragan kapal berperan sebagai penyedia modal dan pengambil keputusan, sedangkan ABK bertanggung jawab dalam kegiatan operasional penangkapan ikan. Sistem bagi hasil diterapkan berdasarkan kesepakatan sebelum kegiatan melaut dan dilakukan setelah dikurangi biaya operasional. Juragan kapal memiliki peran dominan dalam menentukan mekanisme pembagian hasil, namun sebagian besar responden menilai sistem tersebut telah berjalan secara adil dan transparan. Tingkat pendapatan nelayan masih bersifat fluktuatif karena dipengaruhi oleh hasil tangkapan, biaya operasional, kondisi cuaca, dan musim penangkapan. Pendapatan juragan kapal relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan ABK, namun secara umum kesejahteraan nelayan masih berada pada kategori rendah hingga menengah. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa sistem pembagian kerja dan bagi hasil pada nelayan pukat cincin di Desa Tablolong telah berjalan dengan baik, tetapi masih diperlukan dukungan pemerintah melalui program pemberdayaan, peningkatan akses permodalan, serta perlindungan sosial bagi nelayan guna meningkatkan kesejahteraan mereka.

Kata kunci: sistem bagi hasil, nelayan, pukat cincin (purse seine), pendapatan, Desa Tablolong.

Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the division of labor among purse seine fishermen, the profit-sharing system, and the income levels of boat owners and crew members (ABK) in Tablolong Village, West Kupang District, Kupang Regency. The study employed a descriptive statistical method with a quantitative approach. Data were collected through observation, structured interviews, documentation, and literature review. The research involved 24 respondents consisting of boat owners and crew members selected using a purposive sampling technique. The results showed that the division of labor among fishermen was well organized according to the duties and responsibilities of each member. Boat owners acted as capital providers and key decision-makers, while crew members were responsible for fishing operations. The profit-sharing system was implemented based on mutual agreement before fishing activities and was calculated after deducting operational costs. Boat owners played a dominant role in determining the profit-sharing mechanism; however, most respondents perceived the system as fair and transparent. Fishermen's income remained fluctuating due to variations in fish catches, operational costs, weather conditions, and fishing seasons. Boat owners generally earned higher incomes than crew members, although the overall welfare of fishermen was still categorized as low to moderate. This study concludes that the labor division and profit-sharing system among purse seine fishermen in Tablolong Village have been implemented effectively. However, greater government support is still needed through fishermen empowerment programs, improved access to capital, and social protection to enhance fishermen's welfare.

Keywords: profit-sharing system, fishermen, purse seine, income, Tablolong Village.