Journal of Management : Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)

HOSPITALITY ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN A RESOURCE CONSTRAINED ENVIRONMENT AMID THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: EVIDENCE FROM GUESTHOUSE OPERATORS

Gift Donga — 2025-07-01

This study leverages Complexity Theory to explore the multifaceted experiences of guesthouse operators in Alice, South Africa, during the pandemic. While global perspectives on the pandemic's impact on the hospitality sector are well documented, a notable research gap remains in understanding the localised experiences of guesthouses in marginalised contexts. Guided by an interpretive paradigm, this research employed a qualitative methodology to capture the lived experiences of guest house operators. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six purposively selected participants, allowing for in-depth insights into the challenges faced and the strategies employed. Thematic analysis of the data revealed key challenges, including revenue losses, staff retrenchments, operational constraints, and limited government support, underscoring the interconnected nature of the economic and social impacts. By situating the experiences of Alice guesthouse operators within a broader South African and global context, this study contributes valuable insights into entrepreneurial resilience in crisis-prone environments.

Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Hospitality Entrepreneurship; Guesthouse Operators

DETERMINING FACTORS OF PURCHASE INTENTION AND WILLINGNESS TO PAY PROCESS

Putri Maylandi — 2025-07-01

This inquire about was conducted to Analyze the Determinants of Eagerness to Pay (WTP) by understanding what drives consumers' greatest cost resistance. This is a associative type of quantitative approach. The time horizon is cross-sectional. The unit of analysis is individual who are Muslim fashion consumers. Survey conducted by distribute the questionnaire in December 2023 using Google Forms to 361 sample. Seven variables were tested, consisting of 33 questions on a five-point Likert scale. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to examine data. The findings of a test of the hypothesis that Purchase Intention is significantly positively impacted by Brand Personality, Social Influence, and Brand Reputation. Purchase intention significantly improves eWOM and decision-making. Willingness to Pay is significantly improved by decision-making and eWOM. Brand Personality, Social Influence, and Brand Reputation are factors to attract interest in buying Muslim fashion products.

Keywords: Purchase Intention; Willingness to Pay; Decision-making; eWOM; Muslim Fashion

DETERMINANTS OF CREDIT RISK IN THE NIGERIAN BANKING INDUSTRY

Ariyibi Mayowa Ebenezer — 2025-07-01

The deposit money banks are faced with the problem of credit risk, which occurs from their intermediary role in the economy, which is channeling customers’ deposits from the surplus sector to the deficit/productive sector to improve their performance and stimulate financial stability and growth. It is imperative to examine the internal and external factors that influence the credit risk component of the deposit money banks in Nigeria. This study examines the determinants of credit risk in the Nigerian banking industry. The secondary data was sourced from twelve deposit money banks listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange Group from 2019 to 2023. The static regression analysis was employed to determine the inference of the objective. The findings from the fixed effect model revealed that board size, operating efficiency, bank size, gross domestic product growth rate, and unemployment rate have a significant effect on the non-performing loan ratio, while return on assets, board independence, loan-to-deposit ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, loan-to-total asset ratio, and inflation rate have an insignificant effect on the non-performing loan ratio. Therefore, it is recommended that deposit money banks in Nigeria integrate internal governance enhancements with macroeconomic stability, which is essential for effectively managing non-performing loans in Nigerian banks. Collaborative efforts between banks, regulators, and policymakers are critical to achieving sustainable credit risk management.

Keywords: Credit Risk; Profitability; Liquidity; Corporate Governance; Macroeconomic

DECISION MAKING ANALYSIS OF MAINTENANCE STRATEGY TO RESPOND CHF 6 AND CHF 7 OPERATIONS

Gito Wijaya — 2025-07-01

PT Black Energy has infrastructure on both the mining side includes a total of 5 Coal Handling Facility (CHF) systems, and the unloading terminal side includes the Kertapati dock and the Tarahan port. To increase coal transport volume by 2026, adequate infrastructure development is needed by adding more CHF on the mining side and for the unloading terminal side, which will involve adding more unloading terminals. The maintenance department is tasked with maintaining the CHF system. Meanwhile, to carry out its maintenance activities on the existing CHF system, the maintenance department is currently facing an issue with a shortage of supervisors. The maintenance department must develop new strategy to optimize its performance in maintaining the existing 5 CHF systems while also preparing to accommodate the addition of CHF 6 & CHF 7 in 2026. This research was conducted using secondary data from maintenance department documentation studies and primary data through interviews with Subject Matter Expert. Value-Focused Thinking (VFT) method was used to identifying and describing values and objectives that are used as the foundation to generating alternatives and attributes for decision making process. Decision making to select the best alternative was conducted using Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) which will evaluate and compare alternatives with multiple attributes involved while each attribute represents a different aspect or criteria that matters in the decision. The research result show that CHF system focused maintenance model is the best alternative to respond additional CHF 6 & CHF 7 operations in 2026 where each Assistant Manager for mechanical and electrical maintenance division will be responsible for a specific CHF system. This research supports the maintenance department in solving the issue of manpower shortages that will inevitably occur in 2026.

Keywords: Decison Making; Value-Focused Thinking (VFT); Simple Multi Attribute Rating; Technique (SMART)

NAVIGATING RISK BY USING A MULTIFACETED APPROACH TO CONTINGENCY PLANNING FOR BLACK SMES IN SOUTH AFRICA'S AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19

Denis Desmond Peterson — 2025-07-01

This study examines contingencies used by Black-owned SMEs in South Africa’s automotive industry during the COVID-19 pandemic to manage risks during this period. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 SMEs, comprising six micro-businesses and five small businesses located in Gauteng and the Eastern Cape. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data, revealing the contingencies implemented as responses to mitigate the risks to their sustainability. The findings show that participants employed multifaceted contingency strategies across financial, operational, human resource, socioeconomic, and technological domains. These measures were both proactive and reactive, highlighting the adaptability and resilience of the SMEs. The study emphasizes the importance of targeted policies and frameworks to support these enterprises in navigating risks and ensuring sustainability. These insights are crucial for policymakers, business leaders, and stakeholders committed to fostering resilience in South Africa's small business sector.

Keywords: Small Business; Contingencies, Covid-19; Automotive Industry

THE EFFECT OF SALES PROMOTION ON CUSTOMER PURCHASING DECISIONS

Rafy Ramadhan — 2025-07-01

There is an abundance of potential in Indonesia's food and beverage economy, but the Covid-19 pandemic conditions have prompted a significant change in consumer behavior, namely from direct purchases to digital purchases. The Cloud Kitchen concept is an option because it focuses on providing online food and beverage delivery services (online food & drink delivery). This is used by Ayam Bang Dava (ABD) to attract consumers and encourage purchases from online consumers who are basically interested in the promotional offers offered. This study aims to determine the effect of sales promotion on the purchasing decisions of Ayam Bang Dava (ABD) customers in Bandung Raya. The research method used is quantitative, verification and uses surveys as a data collection tool. Purposive sampling was a method when selecting the sample to target only Ayam Bang Dava (ABD) customers in Bandung Raya, with a total of 115 respondents. This study analyzes sales promotion variables through sales promotion tools conducted by Ayam Bang Dava (ABD), including bundles/bonus packs, price-offs, and event marketing. Purchasing decision variables are evaluated through aspects of product selection, brand selection, dealer selection, time and amount of purchase, and payment method. This study used simple linear regression analysis, coefficient of determination, and hypothesis testing to determine the existence of an influence. The results showed that the sales promotion carried out by ABD had an effect on the purchasing decisions of ABD customers in Bandung Raya. The value of the coefficient of determination obtained is 31%, which shows that the sales promotion variable can explain the purchase decision variable by 31%, and the remaining 69% is explained by other variables.

Keywords: Purchase Decision; Sales Promotion; Online Food Delivery Service

REVIEWING THE IMPACT OF COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN ON CONSUMER PURCHASE INTENTION : THE ROLE OF CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT IN EXISTING LITERATURE

Shanzara Khan — 2025-07-01

This paper explores the effect of country of origin on consumer purchase and repeat purchase intention. The moderating impact of celebrity endorsement will also be explored. This research took on a theoretical approach using over twenty-five (25) articles covering country of origin, purchase intention, and celebrity endorsement. Country-of-origin (COO) effects, namely cognitive, affective, and normative, alongside culture and consumer ethnocentrism, impact a consumer’s purchase intention. Consumers consider the specific effects of a product’s country of origin before purchasing a product, and international marketers must understand these. Research on repeat purchase intention shows no relationship with the country of origin as consumers are historically and sometimes emotionally tied to a product; therefore, they automatically purchase it without giving much thought to its country of origin. This study contributes to the existing literature while adding celebrity endorsement as an external variable. Thus, another important finding is how the theoretical theories of celebrity endorsement, namely, the source credibility model, the source attractiveness model, the match-up hypothesis, and the meaning transfer model, moderate the relationship between the COO effect and purchase and repeat purchase intention.

Keywords: Country-of-Origin; Consumer Purchase Intention; Repeat Purchase Intention; Celebrity Endorsement

THE EFFECT OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MECHANISMS AND COMPANY SIZE ON THE TIMELINESS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT SUBMISSION IN PROPERTY AND REAL ESTATE SECTOR COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE IN 2021-2023

Putri Afrilia — 2025-07-01

The study investigates the impact of Good Corporate Governance Mechanisms and company size on the accuracy of financial reporting, employing a quantitative approach. The research focuses on companies in the Property and Real Estate sector listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange during the 2021-2023 period. A purposive sampling method was used to select 64 companies, resulting in a total of 192 observations over three years. Data analysis was performed using logistic regression with IBM SPSS version 26. The findings indicate that managerial ownership, institutional ownership, and audit committees positively influence the accuracy of financial reporting. However, company size and independent commissioners do not significantly impact the timeliness of financial report submissions.

Keywords: Timeliness of Submission of Financial Statements; Audit Committee ; Independent Commissioner ; Managerial Ownership ; Institutional Ownership; Company Size

ANALYSIS OF THE STABILITY OF THE BURUNDIAN FINANCIAL SECTOR: APPLICATION OF THE POISSON MODEL

Théogène Nsengiyumva — 2025-07-02

This study aimed to analyze the effects of Burundian banks' activities on the stability of the Burundian financial system. The data used in this study come from the Bank of the Republic of Burundi and cover the financing activity of Burundian banks for the period 2018 to 2023. By applying the fish model, the econometric results revealed highly interesting findings leading to economic policies to improve the stability of the Burundian financial sector. For illustration, the financing of short-term trade receivables has a positive effect on the stability of the Burundian financial sector, while export credit has a negative effect on the stability of the financial sector. These results reveal a low contribution from products originating in Burundi, thus contributing to the instability of the Burundian financial sector through the deterioration of the credit portfolio. To solve this problem, the Burundian government needs to put in place incentive policies aimed at developing the business sector so as to ensure not only production but also the processing of local products with high added value prior to export. Similarly, Burundian banks must comply with the prudential and non-prudential measures laid down by the central bank in order to improve the stability of the financial sector. To achieve this, Burundian banks need to design and implement more appropriate technology for exchanging borrower data in order to improve transparency and reduce fraud in credit transactions.

Keywords : Financial Stability; Poisson's Law; Burundi

THE INFLUENCE OF PRODUCT DIVERSITY AND STORE LOCATION ON PURCHASE DECISIONS OF CONSUMERS AT VIERA OLEH-OLEH PEKANBARU

Cindy Dwi Rahmadani — 2025-07-02

Purchasing decisions play a crucial role in the marketing concept. This is the background to this research. Product diversity and good store locations are some of the incentives for someone to make a purchase. This is what the Viera Pekanbaru Souvenir Shop implements. This research aims to determine the influence of product diversity and shop location on purchasing decisions at the Viera Pekanbaru Souvenir Shop. The research method employed in this study is a descriptive approach with quantitative methods. Research data sources come from primary data. The number of samples in this research was 100 people, with the sampling technique using purposive sampling. The analytical method for this research is multiple linear regression analysis and uses validity and reliability tests. The results obtained are that product diversity has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, store location has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, and product diversity and store location simultaneously influence purchasing decisions at the Viera Pekanbaru Souvenir Shop.

Keywords: Product Diversity; Store Location; Purchase Decision

A COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION ACROSS MULTIPLE BUSINESS FUNCTIONS IN SOUTH AFRICAN SMMES: INSIGHTS POST-COVID-19

Nomfundo Gladys Khoza — 2025-07-02

The digital transformation of Small, Medium, and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) is crucial for maintaining competitiveness and ensuring long-term growth in today’s business environment. This systematic literature review evaluates how digital technologies have reshaped business functions within South African SMMEs, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic. Articles published between 2019 and 2024 were sourced from Scopus and Web of Science, and the PRISMA framework was used for selecting and analysing relevant studies. The review assesses the current state of digital transformation, exploring its impact on marketing, operations, customer engagement, and decision-making processes. It identifies key challenges, such as resource limitations, digital skills gaps, and infrastructure constraints, which impede widespread digital adoption. Sector-specific insights are also provided, recognizing varying levels of digital maturity across industries. The findings offer actionable recommendations for SMME owners, policymakers, and educators, suggesting strategies to accelerate digital adoption. By providing valuable local data, this study adds to the growing body of research on entrepreneurship and digitalization in South Africa’s post-pandemic landscape. The study underscores the need for targeted interventions to help SMMEs overcome barriers and fully leverage technology to drive growth and innovation.

Keywords: Digital Transformation; SMMEs; South Africa; Post-COVID-19; Sectoral Analysis

THE IMPACT OF ONLINE SALES AND QRIS ON UMKM INCOME WITH FINANCIAL LITERACY AS A MEDIATING VARIABLE: A STUDY OF CULINARY UMKMS IN MALANG CITY

Muhammad Aunul Mubarok — 2025-07-02

This study aims to examine the impact of online sales and QRIS on the income of UMKMs in Malang City, with financial literacy as a mediating variable. The population of this study includes culinary UMKMs in Malang City, with a sample selected using random sampling from a total of 16,417 culinary UMKMs. The study used a quantitative approach and analyzed the data using PLS-SEM to evaluate the relationships between the variables. The findings indicate that both online sales and QRIS positively influence UMKM income, with financial literacy significantly mediating these relationships. The results suggest that integrating digital tools with financial literacy can enhance the financial performance of UMKMs. However, the study is limited to a specific sector in a single city, and future research could explore the long-term effects of digital tools on UMKM sustainability and evaluate additional factors influencing business performance in the digital economy.

Keywords: Online Sales; QRIS; Financial Literacy

RESILIENCE AND REINVENTION: THE JOURNEY OF MIGRANT-OWNED MICRO ENTERPRISES IN SOUTH AFRICA BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER COVID-19

Edson Chido Mutisi — 2025-07-02

This paper follows foreign migrant-owned microenterprises in South Africa, tracing their paths before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Research on micro-enterprises during the pandemic is generally inclined toward finding the impact of COVID-19 without a migration analysis. This paper bridges this gap by centering on migrant-owned businesses since they may have been affected by being owned by foreigners, a vulnerable population. The paper utilizes qualitative data to evaluate the pandemic's impact on business operations, financial security, and survival mechanisms. Furthermore, it assesses the post-pandemic revival process and locates migrant-owned small businesses' experiences in debates on migration, informality, and entrepreneurship. The primary findings of the paper illustrate that migrant-owned small businesses performed relatively well before the pandemic, with most of the owners earning above South Africa's monthly minimum wage. The paper also discovered that many foreign-owned small enterprises were impacted by a decline in demand during the lockdown, resulting in a loss of revenue, while some have struggled to recover post-COVID-19.

Keywords: South Africa; COVID-19; Small Businesses; Migrants; Micro-Enterprises

THE EFFECT OF WORKLOAD AND TRAINING ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE

Puspita Silvana Aza Ulmi Folia — 2025-07-02

This research was motivated by the decline in employee performance at Tikung Lamongan Islamic Junior High School, which was caused by the large workload and lack of training for employees, so that the task work became less than optimal. This study aims to find out how much workload and training affect employee performance at Tikung Lamongan Islamic Junior High School. The research method uses a quantitative approach. The population in this study is all employees at Tikung Lamongan Islamic Junior High School. The sample used was 50 respondents. The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression analysis, classical assumption tests, t-tests, f-tests, and realism. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion, it was obtained that workload and training have a significant influence on employee performance partially. From the calculation using multiple linear regression obtained that the workload and training simultaneously and significantly affect employee performance.

Keywords: Workload; Training; Employee Performance

HUMAN RESOURCE IMPROVEMENT EFFORTS: EXPLORING THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND STRUCTURALISM IN JOB INTERVIEW SUCCESS

Roni Setia Nugraha — 2025-07-02

This study explores the influence of effective communication and structuralism on the readiness of Politeknik Caltex Riau (PCR) students in job interviews. While students excel in technical skills, they often struggle with verbal and non-verbal communication during interviews. Utilizing surveys and interviews with 184 final-year students, the research reveals that effective communication has no significant impact on job interview readiness, while structural factors such as social norms and cultural adaptation significantly affect preparedness. The results indicate that the combination of these factors accounts for 57.8% of students' readiness. This finding suggests that enhancing communication training and understanding of structural frameworks could improve students' job interview outcomes. The study provides valuable insights for curriculum development aimed at increasing employability skills for future graduates in a competitive job market.

Keywords: Effective Communication; Structuralism; Job Interview; Human Resource Development

EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF WORK PLANS AND CORPORATE BUDGET PROGRAMS CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ENVIRONMENT

Ajeng Salsabila — 2025-07-02

The budget planned and approved in the company's work plan and budget is the budget that the company will spend for its work program in the future. For this reason, this research aims to determine the effectiveness of the planned budget and its implementation in 2019-2022. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative, where the nature of the discussion is to describe, compare, and explain the data so that conclusions can be drawn. In the period 2019 to 2022, research results were obtained that showed that the budget and its implementation were almost stable at a "Highly effective" level. This shows the success of company management in implementing the budget according to plan and is a form of corporate responsibility for social and environmental problems.

Keywords: Budget; Realization; Effectiveness

MARKETING STRATEGY TO DRIVE IMPULSE BUYING AND HEDONIC SHOPPING ON SHOPEE E-COMMERCE: A NEUROMARKETING-BASED APPROACH

Ronald Fanggidae — 2025-07-02

This article explores marketing strategies aimed at increasing impulse buying and hedonic shopping behavior on the e-commerce platform Shopee, using a neuromarketing approach. The article highlights the rapid growth of online shopping in Indonesia, especially among the younger demographic, and uses the Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique (ZMET) to explore consumer perceptions and motivations. Key findings suggest that emotional responses and sensory stimuli significantly influence impulse buying, with factors such as attractive promotions, product variety, and ease of payment playing a significant role. The study offers valuable insights for marketers to develop effective strategies tailored to consumer behavior on Shopee while also acknowledging limitations such as the small sample size and qualitative nature of the study.

Keywords: Hedonic Shopping; Impulse Buying; Neuromarketing; Marketing Strategy

EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE BASED ON WORK MOTIVATION, EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT

Adi Andika — 2025-07-03

This study aims to assess employee perceptions and examine the direct effects of work motivation and employee engagement on organizational commitment, as well as the direct effects of work motivation, employee engagement, and organizational commitment on employee performance. It also investigates the indirect role of organizational commitment in mediating the impact of work motivation and employee engagement on employee performance. Using path analysis and a sample of 132 respondents, the study found that work motivation and employee engagement significantly influence organizational commitment. Additionally, all three variables—work motivation, employee engagement, and organizational commitment—directly affect employee performance. Organizational commitment also serves as a mediating factor between both work motivation and employee engagement on employee performance.

Keywords: Work Motivation; Employee Engagement; Organizational Commitment; Employee Performance

THE SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF FINTECH IN ENCOURAGING GREEN INNOVATION IN MSMEs

Royanti Sinaga — 2025-07-03

This study investigates the role of fintech in promoting green innovation among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) worldwide. This paper analyses various research studies and highlights key aspects of fintech’s contributing to sustainable business practices. Firstly, fintech supports access to finance through digital platforms and innovative financing models such as peer-to-peer lending (P2P), enabling SMEs to invest in environmentally friendly technologies. Secondly, green financing mechanisms such as crowdfunding and blockchain technology facilitate transparent and accountable investments in sustainable projects. Thirdly, fintech promotes the digitalization of business operation processes, increasing efficiency and reducing carbon footprints. Furthermore, fintech contributes to developing financial literacy, empowering SMEs to make better decisions about sustainable investments. The study also explores how fintech incentives, such as rewards for eco-friendly purchases, could drive consumer demand for sustainable products. To sum up, fintech plays a vital role in fostering green innovation among SMEs by providing better access to finance, promoting transparency, introducing eco-friendly technologies, and expanding market access.

Keywords: Fintech; Green Innovation; MSMEs

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RETURN ON EQUITY, CURRENT RATIO, AND DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO ON STOCK PRICE WITH PRICE EARNING RATIO AS A MODERATING VARIABLE IN TELECOMMUNICATION SUB-SECTOR COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE IN 2020 – 2023

Devano Alfa Rizky — 2025-07-03

While accounting for the price-earnings ratio, this study aims to isolate the effect of debt-to-equity, return-on-equity, and current ratios on stock prices. From 2020 to 2023, nine companies that were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange were selected for this study using a sample approach. The data was analyzed quantitatively using a variety of approaches in SPSS 23, including multiple linear regression and moderation regression analysis. Aside from the current ratio, the results show that no other variable significantly affects stock price. Furthermore, the ratio of debt to equity to stock price is moderated by the ratio of stock price to net income.

Keywords: Return On Equity; Current Ratio; Debt to Equity Ratio; Price Earning Ratio

A RELATIONS BETWEEN GREEN HUMAN RESORCE MANAGEMENT (GHRM) AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY BEHAVIOR : PERCEPTIONS OF STUDENTS AS PROSPECTIVE EMPLOYEES

Muhammad Faiq Zamzammi — 2025-07-03

This study examines the relationship between Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) practices and environmentally friendly behavior among students of Raden Mas Said State Islamic University Surakarta as prospective employees. The study employed a quantitative cross-sectional method, analyzing data from 160 students using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Partial Least Squares. Results indicate that GHRM positively influences both task-related and voluntary green behaviors. Specifically, Green Recrutment and Selections (GRS), Green Performance Management (GPM), and Green Compensation management (GCM) significantly affect task-related behavior, while GRS, Green Training and Development (GTD), GPM, and Green Employee Involement (GEI) impact voluntary behavior. Green psychological climate mediates this relationship, though its indirect effects were weaker than expected. These findings highlight GHRM's role in promoting green behaviors among prospective employees, offering insights for organizations seeking to attract environmentally conscious talent. The study contributes empirical evidence on GHRM's impact from the perspective of future employees.

Keywords : Green Human Resource Management ; Employee Green Behavior ; Green Psychology Climate ; Green Recrutmen and Selection ; Green Training and Development ; Green Performance Management ; Green Compensation management ; Green Employee Involement