Journal of Management : Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)

MARKETING STRATEGY FOR PRODUCTS RESULTING FROM INDEPENDENCE BUILDING THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA AND E-COMMERCE AT THE MALANG CLASS I CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION

Abyan Lazuardi Al Faruq, Naniek Pangestuti — Fri, 01 May 2026 04:39:38 +0000

This study aims to analyze the marketing strategy for products made by inmates through social media and e-commerce at Malang Class I Correctional Institution. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings indicate that the correctional institution has implemented the marketing mix concept (product, price, place, and promotion) in its digital marketing strategy. Products produced by inmates demonstrate good market potential; however, several challenges remain, including limited stock management, insufficient digital promotion, and distribution systems that have not yet operated optimally. Although social media and e-commerce platforms such as Instagram and Shopee have been utilized, their use has not been fully optimized due to limitations in human resources and digital infrastructure. Despite these challenges, the marketing strategy has contributed positively to inmate empowerment and improved the public image of the institution. Therefore, improvements in digital content management, employee training in digital marketing skills, and strengthening of the distribution system are necessary to achieve more effective and sustainable marketing outcomes.

Keywords: Digital Marketing; Independence Training; Correctional Institutions; Social Media; E-Commerce; Prisoners

THE INFLUENCE OF ROLE STRESS ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT IN CLASS IIA CURUP CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION

Ahmad Muchlis Surya Darmawan, Padmono Wibowo — Fri, 01 May 2026 04:52:51 +0000

This study aims to analyze the effect of role stress on organizational commitment among employees at Class IIA Correctional Institution Curup. Role stress in this study is viewed through three main dimensions: role ambiguity, role conflict, and role overload, while organizational commitment is reflected through affective, continuance, and normative commitment. The research is motivated by several workplace conditions such as high workloads, uneven employee distribution, overcrowded inmate populations, and unclear role definitions, which can potentially increase role stress and reduce employee loyalty to the organization. This research uses a quantitative approach through a survey method, where data were collected from employees using questionnaires and analyzed using simple linear regression. The results show that role stress has a negative influence on organizational commitment. This means that higher levels of role stress tend to reduce employees’ commitment to the organization. These findings emphasize the importance of managing workplace stress through clearer role definitions, fair workload distribution, and stronger organizational support in order to maintain employee loyalty and productivity.

Keywords: Role Stress; Organizational Commitment; Role Ambiguity; Role Conflict; Workload; Correctional Institution

MARKETING STRATEGY FOR THE RESULTS OF BATIK JERUJI INDEPENDENCE DEVELOPMENT IN CLASS IIA CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION BANYUWANGI

Lucky Hari Yulinarto, Vivi Sylviani Biafri — Fri, 01 May 2026 05:04:24 +0000

Batik Jeruji is a product created by inmates through self-reliance development activities at Class IIA Banyuwangi Correctional Institution. Despite having unique motifs and good product quality, the marketing of Batik Jeruji still faces several challenges. The product is not widely known by the public, and its marketing mainly relies on the prison gallery and word-of-mouth promotion. Efforts to expand marketing through digital platforms such as Shopee have not produced optimal results due to limited promotion and a lack of human resources with digital marketing skills. The marketing strategy in this study is analyzed using the 7P marketing mix approach, which includes product, price, place, promotion, people, process, and physical evidence. The results indicate that strengthening strategies across these aspects is necessary, including improving product quality, adjusting pricing strategies, optimizing the use of social media for promotion, and providing marketing skill training for both inmates and officers. With more effective marketing strategies, Batik Jeruji has the potential to become more widely recognized by the community and to provide economic and social benefits for both the inmates and the correctional institution.

Keywords: Batik Jeruji; Marketing; Inmate Welfare

THE EFFECT OF WORKLOAD ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CORRECTIONAL OFFICERS AT THE CLASS IIA LANGKAT NARCOTICS CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION AND THE CLASS III LANGKAT YOUTH CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION

Rafael Arapenta Perangin-Angin, Naniek Pangestuti — Fri, 01 May 2026 05:51:40 +0000

This study aims to examine the effect of workload on the performance of correctional officers at Class IIA Langkat Narcotics Correctional Institution and Class III Langkat Youth Correctional Institution. The research is motivated by overcrowding conditions in both institutions, which increase work intensity and potentially affect officers’ performance. The population consists of all employees working in the two correctional institutions, and data were collected through online questionnaires. The study applies a quantitative approach, with data analyzed using simple linear regression with the assistance of statistical software. The results show that workload has a negative effect on the performance of correctional officers in both institutions. This means that higher levels of workload tend to reduce officers’ performance. The findings indicate that excessive duties and work pressure caused by overcrowding can affect officers’ productivity and effectiveness in carrying out their responsibilities. Therefore, this study recommends that prison management improve the task distribution system and work scheduling, while also providing training and psychological support for officers. These efforts are important to maintain officer performance, productivity, and well-being in a sustainable manner.

Keywords: Workload; Performance; Correctional Officers; Narcotics Correctional Institution; Youth Correctional Institution

EVALUATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CASHLESS PAYMENTS AS A MEASURE TO PREVENT ILLEGAL FEES IN CLASS IIB CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN SLEMAN

Wily Nur Fauzi Pratama, Naniek Pangestuti — Fri, 01 May 2026 06:00:22 +0000

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of a cashless system as an effort to prevent illegal fees at Class IIB Sleman Correctional Institution. The research applies a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The analysis is based on the policy implementation theory of Randall B. Ripley and Grace A. Franklin, which emphasizes two perspectives: compliance with established policies and an examination of what occurs during implementation and the factors influencing it. The findings show that the implementation of the cashless system helps improve transparency and efficiency in financial transactions among inmates. However, its effectiveness is still constrained by several factors, including technical issues, overcrowding conditions, limited human resources, and misconduct by certain staff members. Although the implementers generally demonstrate a good level of compliance and understanding of the policy, these obstacles hinder the system from functioning optimally. The study is limited because it focuses only on one correctional institution and does not explore inmates’ perceptions in depth. Therefore, future research is recommended to examine the role of digital monitoring systems and expand the research scope to other correctional institutions.

Keywords: Cashless System; Illegal Fees; Policy Evaluation

IMPLEMENTING THE BREAD-MAKING INDEPENDENCE PROGRAM TO FOSTER INMATES’ ENTREPRENEURIAL SPIRIT AT KENDARI CLASS IIA CORRECTIONAL FACILITY

La Ode M Aldhian Putra Hadini, Markus Marselinus Soge — Fri, 01 May 2026 08:32:48 +0000

This research examines the implementation of a bread-making independence development program at Class IIA Kendari Correctional Institution as an effort to foster the entrepreneurial spirit of inmates. The study is motivated by the need to equip inmates with practical work skills and an entrepreneurial mindset that can support their social reintegration after completing their sentences. The research aims to analyze how the program contributes to developing entrepreneurial values among inmates and to identify the challenges encountered during its implementation. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis is based on the implementation theory of David C. Korten and the entrepreneurship perspective of Purnomo. The findings indicate that the bread-making program helps improve inmates’ entrepreneurial skills through practical training, talent development, and cooperation with external partners. However, the implementation still faces several obstacles, including limited facilities, insufficient training materials, and restricted participation opportunities for inmates. Despite these challenges, the program has the potential to support inmates in developing productive skills that can be utilized after their release.

Keywords: Implementation; Entrepreneurship; Development; Inmates; Bread

THE EFFECT OF INCLUSIVE LEADERSHIP ON EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT AT THE ARGA MAKMUR CLASS IIB CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION

Achmad Aldi Al Faruq, Padmono Wibowo — Fri, 01 May 2026 09:57:40 +0000

This study aims to analyze the effect of inclusive leadership on employee engagement at Class IIB Arga Makmur Correctional Institution. Inclusive leadership is viewed as a leadership approach that creates a supportive, participatory work environment and appreciates diversity, thereby encouraging stronger employee involvement in their work. The research uses a quantitative approach, with data collected through questionnaires distributed to employees. The collected data were analyzed using simple linear regression with the assistance of IBM SPSS. The findings indicate that inclusive leadership has a positive and significant influence on employee engagement. Leaders who adopt an inclusive leadership style are able to build a more open and supportive work atmosphere, which encourages employees to feel valued, actively participate, and show greater commitment to their work. Therefore, the implementation of inclusive leadership practices can be an effective strategy for increasing employee engagement within the organization.

Keywords: Inclusive Leadership; Work Engagement; Correctional Institutions

THE EFFECT OF THE MERIT SYSTEM AND WORK MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT THE PADANG CLASS II A CORRECTIONAL FACILITY AND THE PADANG CLASS I CORRECTIONAL FACILITY

Faris Adhelflo, Naniek Pangestuti — Fri, 01 May 2026 11:23:50 +0000

This study aims to examine the influence of the merit system and work motivation on employee performance at the Class IIA Padang Correctional Institution and the Class I Padang Correctional Center. The background of this research is based on the importance of implementing competency-based and objective human resource management, as well as the increasing demands for improving the quality of public services. The study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method, where data were collected through questionnaires distributed to employees from both institutions. The collected data were analyzed using validity and reliability tests and multiple linear regression. The results of the study indicate that both the merit system and work motivation positively influence employee performance. Among the two variables, work motivation appears to be the more dominant factor in improving employee performance. These findings suggest that the implementation of a fair and transparent merit system, combined with efforts to strengthen employee motivation, can serve as an important foundation for enhancing performance within the correctional work environment.

Keywords: Merit System; Work Motivation; Employee Performance; Socialization

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT OF BAKPIA MBAH WIRO 378 INDEPENDENCE COACHING BASED ON CREATIVE ECONOMY AT YOGYAKARTA CLASS IIA PRISON

Dimas Muhammad Rafi Fahrezy, Iman Santoso — Fri, 01 May 2026 12:14:28 +0000

This study aims to analyze the development of the independence training program through the production of “Bakpia Mbah Wiro 378” at Lapas Class IIA Yogyakarta, which integrates creative economy principles into correctional vocational activities. The research focuses on examining how the product development process is implemented within the training program and identifying the challenges that hinder its optimization. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through observation, structured interviews with key informants, literature review, and document analysis. The findings indicate that the bakpia production program contributes positively to improving inmates’ practical skills, work discipline, and entrepreneurial insight, which can support their social reintegration after release. Through participation in the production process, inmates gain experience in food processing, teamwork, and responsibility in a work environment. However, the program still faces several obstacles, such as limited access to quality raw materials, the lack of modern production equipment, limited marketing strategies, and restricted access to broader markets. Therefore, the study highlights the importance of product innovation, strengthening cooperation with government institutions and private partners, and utilizing digital platforms such as social media and e-commerce to expand market reach and improve the sustainability of correctional industry products. This research contributes to the discussion on creative economy-based correctional empowerment programs and provides recommendations to enhance the competitiveness and sustainability of products produced within correctional institutions.

Keywords: Correctional Institution; Inmate Empowerment; Vocational Training; Creative Economy; Product Development; Reintegration

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE AGRICULTURAL INDEPENDENCE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FOR INMATES AT THE CLASS IIA CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION IN KEDIRI

Indaka Prasetyo, Umar Anwar, Budi Priyatmono, Ali Muhammad — Fri, 01 May 2026 12:40:31 +0000

This study examines the implementation of the agricultural independence development program at the Class IIA Kediri Correctional Institution. The program has not been implemented optimally because there is no specific agricultural development framework within the institution, and only a small number of inmates participate despite the availability of relatively large agricultural land. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the agricultural development program is implemented, identify the obstacles faced, and evaluate its contribution to social reintegration and food security. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through observation, interviews, and document analysis conducted at the Assimilation and Education Facility (SAE). The findings show that the program is carried out through a practical “learning by doing” approach, where inmates are directly involved in agricultural activities. This program provides benefits by equipping inmates with basic agricultural skills and contributing to the availability of food supplies for the correctional institution. However, its implementation still faces several challenges, including limited budget allocation, low inmate participation, lack of staff expertise in agriculture, and weather conditions that affect agricultural productivity. Although the program contributes to social reintegration and supports food security, its impact remains limited due to the small scale of implementation. Therefore, improvements are needed through increased inmate participation, better staff training, and the development of strategies that can adapt to climate conditions. The proposed “OPTIMIS” program offers a solution by strengthening collaboration with the Agriculture Department and universities, providing more structured training, and offering incentives such as certificates for participating inmates, so that the program can have a broader impact on social reintegration and institutional food security.

Keywords: Program Implementation; Food Security; Kediri Class IIA Prison; Self Reliance Development; Agriculture; Social Reintegration

IMPLEMENTATION OF WORK ACTIVITIES FOR PRISONERS IN STRENGTHENING LOCUS OF CONTROL IN METRO CLASS IIA CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION

Aliya Salma, Markus Marselinus Soge — Sun, 03 May 2026 07:49:36 +0000

This study aims to analyze the implementation of work activity programs for inmates at the Metro Class IIA Correctional Institution in supporting the main objective of the correctional system, namely social reintegration. These work activities are designed to equip inmates with practical skills and increase their motivation to improve their quality of life by strengthening their internal locus of control (LoC). The research uses a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The study applies program implementation theory and Locus of Control theory to understand how the program is carried out and its impact on inmates. The findings show that the implementation of work activities has been supported by collaboration with external partners and active participation from inmates who engage in activities based on their interests and talents. This condition helps strengthen inmates’ internal locus of control, as they become more responsible, confident, and motivated to plan their future after release. However, several challenges still hinder the optimal implementation of the program, including limited product marketing, low motivation among some inmates, budget constraints, and limited access to training. Therefore, improvements are needed, particularly in expanding marketing strategies, increasing training opportunities, and strengthening institutional support, so that the program can more effectively contribute to inmates’ personal development and successful social reintegration.

Keywords: Correctional Institution; Locus of Control, Prisoners; Work Activities

COMMUNICATION MODEL OF CORRECTIONAL OFFICERS TO RECIDIVIST INMATES IN ENCOURAGING PARTICIPATION IN SELF-RELIANCE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS AT CLASS I CORRECTIONAL FACILITY MEDAN

Mikael Theotista Dzurgi Gultom, Markus Marselinus Soge — Mon, 04 May 2026 16:16:12 +0000

This study examines the communication patterns used by correctional officers in engaging recidivist inmates at the Class I Correctional Facility Medan, in response to the high rate of recidivism in Indonesia and the challenges of overcrowding. The research aims to describe how communication is applied in the rehabilitation process and to identify the obstacles faced in encouraging inmate participation in independence development programs. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation involving correctional officers and recidivist inmates selected purposively. The findings show that interpersonal communication characterized by empathy, openness, and a persuasive approach plays an important role in increasing inmate participation in rehabilitation activities, particularly vocational skills training programs. However, the implementation of effective communication is still constrained by several factors, including overcrowded conditions, a limited number of officers, lack of communication training, and peer pressure among inmates. These challenges hinder the optimization of rehabilitation programs. Therefore, strengthening communication capacity, increasing the number of officers, and improving institutional support are necessary to enhance the effectiveness of inmate rehabilitation and reduce recidivism rates.

Keywords: Communication Model; Recidivist Inmates; Independence Development; Correctional Facility; Rehabilitation

THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY GROUPS CONCERNED WITH CORRECTIONAL CARE IN EMPOWERING CORRECTIONAL CLIENTS THROUGH JOB TRAINING AT MR. KUMIS BICYCLE REPAIR SHOP

Dandi Prasetiyo Kusuma Aji, Muhammad Ali Equatora — Mon, 04 May 2026 16:22:55 +0000

This study highlights the importance of fostering independence and empowerment among correctional clients in Indonesia, particularly in response to high crime rates associated with low education levels and unstable employment. The empowerment process is implemented through vocational training at the Pak Kumis Bicycle Workshop under the supervision of the Purwokerto Probation Board. Using a descriptive qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation involving clients, correctional officers, members of the Pokmas Lipas group, and clients’ families. The findings show that Pokmas Lipas plays a significant role in supporting clients by providing technical skills, psychosocial encouragement, and the development of positive work attitudes. As a result, clients demonstrate improved competence, confidence, discipline, and readiness to live independently after completing their correctional programs. The program also contributes to faster and smoother social reintegration into the community. However, several challenges remain, including inconsistent discipline among clients, limited training facilities, unclear legal status of Pokmas Lipas, and low community involvement. Overall, the study concludes that vocational training through Pokmas Lipas is highly beneficial in strengthening the independence and skills of correctional clients, although improvements in resources, institutional support, and community acceptance are still needed to optimize its impact.

Keywords: Correctional Clients; Empowerment; Job Training; Social Reintegration

PRISON LAND UTILIZATION STRATEGY IN SUPPORTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDEPENDENCE FOR PRISONERS IN CLASS IIA BENGKULU PRISON

Ahmad Akbar Beng Lieng, Markus Marselinus Soge — Mon, 04 May 2026 16:31:22 +0000

This study examines the optimization of inmate development programs at Lapas Kelas IIA Bengkulu, focusing on the utilization of available land to support independence training. Although the institution has a large area of land with significant potential, its use has not yet been maximized. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and document studies. The analysis is based on Mintzberg’s strategy theory and the concept of correctional development (SPPN). The findings show that the strategies implemented include agricultural activities, plantations, and land-based skills training aimed at supporting inmates’ independence and accelerating their social reintegration. However, the implementation of these strategies faces several challenges, such as unfavorable land conditions, limited facilities and skilled personnel, budget constraints, rigid institutional regulations, limited market access, and negative public stigma toward inmates and their products. Therefore, more comprehensive support, improved resource management, and stronger collaboration with external parties are needed to optimize land utilization and enhance the effectiveness of independence development programs.

Keywords: Independence Development; Land Utilization; Prisoners

CAPACITY BUILDING AND STRATEGY: VOCATIONAL AND STRATEGIC TRAINING CAPACITY BUILDING AND KNOWLEDGE II A PEKAN BARU

Rezi Nalsal, Padmono Wibowo — Mon, 04 May 2026 16:39:52 +0000

This study analyzes vocational training strategies as an effort to empower inmates at the Class IIA Pekanbaru Correctional Institution and identifies the factors that support and hinder their implementation. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, and analyzed thematically. The study applies the Management by Objectives (MBO) and Empowerment Theory frameworks to understand how empowerment strategies are carried out. The findings show that the empowerment strategy is participatory and humanistic, where inmates are involved in training based on their interests, such as animal husbandry, agriculture, and barista skills. The training combines theory and practice, emphasizes independence, and builds trust in inmates to develop their abilities. This approach helps inmates gain useful skills and prepares them for reintegration into society. However, the program still faces several obstacles, making it necessary to strengthen collaboration among stakeholders. With better cooperation and support, the institution can optimize the potential of inmates most of whom are of productive age and support the realization of independent and socially reintegrated individuals in line with correctional system goals.

Keywords: Vocational Training; Correctional Inmates; Lapas Class IIA Pekanbaru; Development Strategy; Social Reintegration