Histopatologi Limpa dan Limfonodus pada Kasus Lapangan dengan Dugaan Kematian Akibat Virus African Swine Fever Pada Babi di Kabupaten Kupang
Spleen and Lymph Node Histopathology in death cases of African Swine Fever Suspects in Kupang Regency
-
Maria Aega Gelolodo(1*)
1Mahasiswa Program Pascasarjana, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Jawa Timur 2Fakultas Kedonteran Hewan Undana, Kupang, NTT
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8912-5779
-
Maxs U. E. Sanam(2)
Laboratorium Ilmu Penyakit Hewan dan Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Nusa Cendana
-
Larry R. W. Toha(3)
Laboratorium Ilmu Penyakit Hewan dan Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Nusa Cendana
-
Antin Y. N. Widi(4)
Laboratorium Klinik, Reproduksi, Patologi dan Nutrisi, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Nusa Cendana
-
Yohanes T. R. M. R. Simarmata(5)
Laboratorium Klinik, Reproduksi, Patologi dan Nutrisi, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Nusa Cendana
-
Theresia F. I. M. D. Murni(6)
Dinas Peternakan, Kabupaten Kupang, NTT
(*) Corresponding Author
Keywords:
African Swine Fever, Pig, Histopathology, Spleen, Lymph nodes, Kupang
Abstract
African swine fever is a fatal hemorrhagic disease in the Suidae family that has become a significant economic challenge to the global pig farming industry. The continued spread of this disease has threatened global pork production and food security. Recognizing the disease manifestations and pathological changes of ASF is critical for a comprehensive and accurate early warning program. Knowledge of the key characteristics of this disease, such as its pathology anatomy, and histopathology, is also needed for early identification of ASF before establishing a tentative diagnosis. This article aims to discuss the pathologic changes and to update disease understanding in order to improve early detection of ASF in the field. A histopathological study of clinical samples collected during the February to April 2021 outbreak of ASF was performed to determine the characteristic lesions of ASF. Three dead ASFV-suspected pigs from a farm in Kupang regency were examined in this study. The main characteristics at the gross pathology inspection were hemorrhage and enlargement of the spleens and lymph nodes. The histopathologic findings confirmed spleen and lymph nodes hemorrhages, as well as congestion of spleen and follicle necrotic at the lymph nodes. Based on the clinical manifestation, pathological findings, and epidemiology observation, it is suspected that the pigs were infected with ASF. However, a molecular diagnostic test should be taken to confirm the definitive cause of the pig’s deaths.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Alonso, C., M. Borca, L. Dixon, Y. Revilla, F. Rodriguez, J. M. Escribano, and I. R. Consortium. 2018. ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Asfarviridae. J Gen Virol 99(5):613-614. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001049
Beltrán-Alcrudo, D., M. Arias, C. Gallardo, S. A. Kramer, and M.-L. Penrith, editors. 2017. African swine fever: detection and diagnosis – A manual for veterinarians. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 88 pp.
Blome, S., K. Franzke, and M. Beer. 2020. African swine fever - A review of current knowledge. Virus Res 287:198099. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198099
Blome, S., C. Gabriel, and M. Beer. 2013. Pathogenesis of African swine fever in domestic pigs and European wild boar. Virus Research 173(1):122-130. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2012.10.026
Carrasco, L., M. J. Bautista, J. C. Gómez-Villamandos, J. Martin de las Mulas, M. d. L. F. Chacón, P. J. Wilkinson, and M. A. Sierra. 1997. Development of microscopic lesions in splenic cords of pigs infected with African swine fever virus. Vet Res 28(1):93-99.
Chenais, E., K. Depner, V. Guberti, K. Dietze, A. Viltrop, and K. Ståhl. 2019. Epidemiological considerations on African swine fever in Europe 2014–2018. Porcine Health Management 5(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s40813-018-0109-2
Dharmayanti, N. I., I. Sendow, A. Ratnawati, T. B. K. Settypalli, M. Saepulloh, W. G. Dundon, H. Nuradji, I. Naletoski, G. Cattoli, and C. E. Lamien. 2021. African swine fever in North Sumatra and West Java provinces in 2019 and 2020, Indonesia. Transbound Emerg Dis doi: 10.1111/tbed.14070
Dixon, L. K., K. Stahl, F. Jori, L. Vial, and D. U. Pfeiffer. 2020. African Swine Fever Epidemiology and Control. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences 8(1):221-246. doi: 10.1146/annurev-animal-021419-083741
FAO. 2021. ASF situation in Asia and Pasific Update per 15 April 2021.
Galindo-Cardiel, I., M. Ballester, D. Solanes, M. Nofrarías, S. López-Soria, J. M. Argilaguet, A. Lacasta, F. Accensi, F. Rodríguez, and J. Segalés. 2013. Standardization of pathological investigations in the framework of experimental ASFV infections. Virus Research 173(1):180-190. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2012.12.018
Galindo, I., and C. Alonso. 2017. African Swine Fever Virus: A Review. Viruses 9(5)doi: 10.3390/v9050103
Gallardo, C., J. Fernández-Pinero, and M. Arias. 2019. African swine fever (ASF) diagnosis, an essential tool in the epidemiological investigation. Virus Research 271:197676. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197676
Gómez-Villamandos, J. C., M. J. Bautista, P. J. Sánchez-Cordón, and L. Carrasco. 2013. Pathology of African swine fever: The role of monocyte-macrophage. Virus Research 173(1):140-149. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2013.01.017
Izzati, U. Z., M. Inanaga, N. T. Hoa, P. Nueangphuet, O. Myint, Q. L. Truong, N. T. Lan, J. Norimine, T. Hirai, and R. Yamaguchi. 2020. Pathological investigation and viral antigen distribution of emerging African swine fever in Vietnam. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
Mazur-Panasiuk, N., J. Żmudzki, and G. Woźniakowski. 2019. African Swine Fever Virus - Persistence in Different Environmental Conditions and the Possibility of its Indirect Transmission. J Vet Res 63(3):303-310. doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0058
Nga, B. T. T., B. Tran Anh Dao, L. Nguyen Thi, M. Osaki, K. Kawashima, D. Song, F. J. Salguero, and V. P. Le. 2020. Clinical and Pathological Study of the First Outbreak Cases of African Swine Fever in Vietnam, 2019. Front Vet Sci 7(392)(Case Report) doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00392
OIE. 2019a. African Swine Fever. https://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Animal_Health_in_the_World/docs/pdf/Disease_cards/AFRICAN_SWINE_FEVER.pdf.
OIE. 2019b. African Swine Fever (Infection wit African Swine Fever Virus), Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. p. 1-8.
Pikalo, J., L. Zani, J. Hühr, M. Beer, and S. Blome. 2019. Pathogenesis of African swine fever in domestic pigs and European wild boar – Lessons learned from recent animal trials. Virus Research 271:197614. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2019.04.001
Post, J., E. Weesendorp, M. Montoya, and W. L. A. Loeffen. 2017. Influence of Age and Dose of African Swine Fever Virus Infections on Clinical Outcome and Blood Parameters in Pigs. Viral Immunology 30(1):58-69. doi: 10.1089/vim.2016.0121
Rodríguez-Bertos, A., E. Cadenas-Fernández, A. Rebollada-Merino, N. Porras-González, F. J. Mayoral-Alegre, L. Barreno, A. Kosowska, I. Tomé-Sánchez, J. A. Barasona, and J. M. Sánchez-Vizcaíno. 2020. Clinical Course and Gross Pathological Findings in Wild Boar Infected with a Highly Virulent Strain of African Swine Fever Virus Genotype II. Pathogens 9(9):688.
Salguero, F. J. 2020. Comparative Pathology and Pathogenesis of African Swine Fever Infection in Swine. Front Vet Sci 7(282)(Review) doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00282
Salguero, F. J., E. Ruiz-Villamor, M. J. Bautista, P. J. Sánchez-Cordón, L. Carrasco, and J. C. Gómez-Villamandos. 2002. Changes in macrophages in spleen and lymph nodes during acute African swine fever: expression of cytokines. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 90(1-2):11-22. doi: 10.1016/s0165-2427(02)00225-8
Sánchez-Cordón, P. J., T. Jabbar, D. Chapman, L. K. Dixon, and M. Montoya. 2020. Absence of Long-Term Protection in Domestic Pigs Immunized with Attenuated African Swine Fever Virus Isolate OURT88/3 or BeninΔMGF Correlates with Increased Levels of Regulatory T Cells and Interleukin-10. Journal of Virology 94(14):e00350-00320. doi: 10.1128/jvi.00350-20
Sanchez-Cordon, P. J., M. Montoya, A. L. Reis, and L. K. Dixon. 2018. African swine fever: A re-emerging viral disease threatening the global pig industry. Vet J 233:41-48. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.12.025
Sánchez-Vizcaíno, J. M., L. Mur, J. C. Gomez-Villamandos, and L. Carrasco. 2015. An Update on the Epidemiology and Pathology of African Swine Fever. Journal of Comparative Pathology 152(1):9-21. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.09.003
Schulz, K., C. Staubach, and S. Blome. 2017. African and classical swine fever: similarities, differences and epidemiological consequences. Vet Res 48(1):84-84. doi: 10.1186/s13567-017-0490-x
Sendow, I., A. Ratnawati, N. L. P. Dharmayanti, and M. Saepulloh. 2020. African Swine Fever: Penyakit Emerging yang Mengancam Peternakan Babi di Dunia. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 30:15. doi: 10.14334/wartazoa.v30i1.2479
Spickler, A. R. 2019. African Swine Fever. http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/DiseaseInfo/factsheets.php.
Walczak, M., J. Żmudzki, N. Mazur-Panasiuk, M. Juszkiewicz, and G. Woźniakowski. 2020. Analysis of the Clinical Course of Experimental Infection with Highly Pathogenic African Swine Fever Strain, Isolated from an Outbreak in Poland. Aspects Related to the Disease Suspicion at the Farm Level. Pathogens 9(3):237. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9030237
Yamada, M., K. Masujin, K.-I. Kameyama, R. Yamazoe, T. Kubo, K. Iwata, A. Tamura, H. Hibi, T. Shiratori, S. Koizumi, K. Ohashi, M. Ikezawa, T. Kokuho, and M. Yamakawa. 2021. Experimental infection of pigs with different doses of the African swine fever virus Armenia 07 strain by intramuscular injection and direct contact. J Vet Med Sci 82(12):1835-1845. doi: 10.1292/jvms.20-0378
Zhu, J. J., P. Ramanathan, E. A. Bishop, V. O'Donnell, D. P. Gladue, and M. V. Borca. 2019. Mechanisms of African swine fever virus pathogenesis and immune evasion inferred from gene expression changes in infected swine macrophages. PloS one 14(11):e0223955-e0223955. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223955
Beltrán-Alcrudo, D., M. Arias, C. Gallardo, S. A. Kramer, and M.-L. Penrith, editors. 2017. African swine fever: detection and diagnosis – A manual for veterinarians. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 88 pp.
Blome, S., K. Franzke, and M. Beer. 2020. African swine fever - A review of current knowledge. Virus Res 287:198099. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198099
Blome, S., C. Gabriel, and M. Beer. 2013. Pathogenesis of African swine fever in domestic pigs and European wild boar. Virus Research 173(1):122-130. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2012.10.026
Carrasco, L., M. J. Bautista, J. C. Gómez-Villamandos, J. Martin de las Mulas, M. d. L. F. Chacón, P. J. Wilkinson, and M. A. Sierra. 1997. Development of microscopic lesions in splenic cords of pigs infected with African swine fever virus. Vet Res 28(1):93-99.
Chenais, E., K. Depner, V. Guberti, K. Dietze, A. Viltrop, and K. Ståhl. 2019. Epidemiological considerations on African swine fever in Europe 2014–2018. Porcine Health Management 5(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s40813-018-0109-2
Dharmayanti, N. I., I. Sendow, A. Ratnawati, T. B. K. Settypalli, M. Saepulloh, W. G. Dundon, H. Nuradji, I. Naletoski, G. Cattoli, and C. E. Lamien. 2021. African swine fever in North Sumatra and West Java provinces in 2019 and 2020, Indonesia. Transbound Emerg Dis doi: 10.1111/tbed.14070
Dixon, L. K., K. Stahl, F. Jori, L. Vial, and D. U. Pfeiffer. 2020. African Swine Fever Epidemiology and Control. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences 8(1):221-246. doi: 10.1146/annurev-animal-021419-083741
FAO. 2021. ASF situation in Asia and Pasific Update per 15 April 2021.
Galindo-Cardiel, I., M. Ballester, D. Solanes, M. Nofrarías, S. López-Soria, J. M. Argilaguet, A. Lacasta, F. Accensi, F. Rodríguez, and J. Segalés. 2013. Standardization of pathological investigations in the framework of experimental ASFV infections. Virus Research 173(1):180-190. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2012.12.018
Galindo, I., and C. Alonso. 2017. African Swine Fever Virus: A Review. Viruses 9(5)doi: 10.3390/v9050103
Gallardo, C., J. Fernández-Pinero, and M. Arias. 2019. African swine fever (ASF) diagnosis, an essential tool in the epidemiological investigation. Virus Research 271:197676. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197676
Gómez-Villamandos, J. C., M. J. Bautista, P. J. Sánchez-Cordón, and L. Carrasco. 2013. Pathology of African swine fever: The role of monocyte-macrophage. Virus Research 173(1):140-149. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2013.01.017
Izzati, U. Z., M. Inanaga, N. T. Hoa, P. Nueangphuet, O. Myint, Q. L. Truong, N. T. Lan, J. Norimine, T. Hirai, and R. Yamaguchi. 2020. Pathological investigation and viral antigen distribution of emerging African swine fever in Vietnam. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
Mazur-Panasiuk, N., J. Żmudzki, and G. Woźniakowski. 2019. African Swine Fever Virus - Persistence in Different Environmental Conditions and the Possibility of its Indirect Transmission. J Vet Res 63(3):303-310. doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0058
Nga, B. T. T., B. Tran Anh Dao, L. Nguyen Thi, M. Osaki, K. Kawashima, D. Song, F. J. Salguero, and V. P. Le. 2020. Clinical and Pathological Study of the First Outbreak Cases of African Swine Fever in Vietnam, 2019. Front Vet Sci 7(392)(Case Report) doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00392
OIE. 2019a. African Swine Fever. https://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Animal_Health_in_the_World/docs/pdf/Disease_cards/AFRICAN_SWINE_FEVER.pdf.
OIE. 2019b. African Swine Fever (Infection wit African Swine Fever Virus), Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. p. 1-8.
Pikalo, J., L. Zani, J. Hühr, M. Beer, and S. Blome. 2019. Pathogenesis of African swine fever in domestic pigs and European wild boar – Lessons learned from recent animal trials. Virus Research 271:197614. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2019.04.001
Post, J., E. Weesendorp, M. Montoya, and W. L. A. Loeffen. 2017. Influence of Age and Dose of African Swine Fever Virus Infections on Clinical Outcome and Blood Parameters in Pigs. Viral Immunology 30(1):58-69. doi: 10.1089/vim.2016.0121
Rodríguez-Bertos, A., E. Cadenas-Fernández, A. Rebollada-Merino, N. Porras-González, F. J. Mayoral-Alegre, L. Barreno, A. Kosowska, I. Tomé-Sánchez, J. A. Barasona, and J. M. Sánchez-Vizcaíno. 2020. Clinical Course and Gross Pathological Findings in Wild Boar Infected with a Highly Virulent Strain of African Swine Fever Virus Genotype II. Pathogens 9(9):688.
Salguero, F. J. 2020. Comparative Pathology and Pathogenesis of African Swine Fever Infection in Swine. Front Vet Sci 7(282)(Review) doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00282
Salguero, F. J., E. Ruiz-Villamor, M. J. Bautista, P. J. Sánchez-Cordón, L. Carrasco, and J. C. Gómez-Villamandos. 2002. Changes in macrophages in spleen and lymph nodes during acute African swine fever: expression of cytokines. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 90(1-2):11-22. doi: 10.1016/s0165-2427(02)00225-8
Sánchez-Cordón, P. J., T. Jabbar, D. Chapman, L. K. Dixon, and M. Montoya. 2020. Absence of Long-Term Protection in Domestic Pigs Immunized with Attenuated African Swine Fever Virus Isolate OURT88/3 or BeninΔMGF Correlates with Increased Levels of Regulatory T Cells and Interleukin-10. Journal of Virology 94(14):e00350-00320. doi: 10.1128/jvi.00350-20
Sanchez-Cordon, P. J., M. Montoya, A. L. Reis, and L. K. Dixon. 2018. African swine fever: A re-emerging viral disease threatening the global pig industry. Vet J 233:41-48. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.12.025
Sánchez-Vizcaíno, J. M., L. Mur, J. C. Gomez-Villamandos, and L. Carrasco. 2015. An Update on the Epidemiology and Pathology of African Swine Fever. Journal of Comparative Pathology 152(1):9-21. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.09.003
Schulz, K., C. Staubach, and S. Blome. 2017. African and classical swine fever: similarities, differences and epidemiological consequences. Vet Res 48(1):84-84. doi: 10.1186/s13567-017-0490-x
Sendow, I., A. Ratnawati, N. L. P. Dharmayanti, and M. Saepulloh. 2020. African Swine Fever: Penyakit Emerging yang Mengancam Peternakan Babi di Dunia. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 30:15. doi: 10.14334/wartazoa.v30i1.2479
Spickler, A. R. 2019. African Swine Fever. http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/DiseaseInfo/factsheets.php.
Walczak, M., J. Żmudzki, N. Mazur-Panasiuk, M. Juszkiewicz, and G. Woźniakowski. 2020. Analysis of the Clinical Course of Experimental Infection with Highly Pathogenic African Swine Fever Strain, Isolated from an Outbreak in Poland. Aspects Related to the Disease Suspicion at the Farm Level. Pathogens 9(3):237. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9030237
Yamada, M., K. Masujin, K.-I. Kameyama, R. Yamazoe, T. Kubo, K. Iwata, A. Tamura, H. Hibi, T. Shiratori, S. Koizumi, K. Ohashi, M. Ikezawa, T. Kokuho, and M. Yamakawa. 2021. Experimental infection of pigs with different doses of the African swine fever virus Armenia 07 strain by intramuscular injection and direct contact. J Vet Med Sci 82(12):1835-1845. doi: 10.1292/jvms.20-0378
Zhu, J. J., P. Ramanathan, E. A. Bishop, V. O'Donnell, D. P. Gladue, and M. V. Borca. 2019. Mechanisms of African swine fever virus pathogenesis and immune evasion inferred from gene expression changes in infected swine macrophages. PloS one 14(11):e0223955-e0223955. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223955
Published
2021-06-29
How to Cite
Gelolodo, M., Sanam, M., Toha, L., Widi, A., Simarmata, Y., & Murni, T. (2021). Histopatologi Limpa dan Limfonodus pada Kasus Lapangan dengan Dugaan Kematian Akibat Virus African Swine Fever Pada Babi di Kabupaten Kupang. JURNAL KAJIAN VETERINER, 9(2), 62-75. https://doi.org/10.35508/jkv.v9i2.4090
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2021 JURNAL KAJIAN VETERINER
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
.png)
