Kajian Molekuler Kuskus (Famili Phalangeridae) di Penangkaran Desa Lumoli, Seram, Maluku Berdasarkan Urutan Gen ATP8
Molecular Study of Cuscus (Family of Phalangeridae) in Lumoli Rural District Breeding Farm, Seram, Maluku Based by Gene Sequence of ATP 8
-
Marthinus Usmany(1*)
SMA NEGERI 4 AMBON
-
Pieter Kakisina(2)
Jurusan Biologi, FMIPA, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon
(*) Corresponding Author
Keywords:
Cuscus, ATP8 gene, PCR, Nukleotida
Abstract
The cuscus is an Australian animal (marsupial) which belongs to the Phalangeridae family and its distribution is limited in eastern Indonesia, Australia and Papua New Guinea. Through IUCN data, cuscus is categorized as endangered species, in CITES it is classified as Appendix II. The population of cuscus is decreasing due to the threat of deforestation, many are hunted for consumption, and are traded illegally. To overcome the above problems, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study of the study of cuscus genotypes in the hope that they can assist in future wildlife conservation efforts. The purpose of this study was to molecularly examine the types of living cuscus in captivity in Lumoli Village, West Seram Regency, Maluku. This research begins with the stages of DNA isolation through cuscus tissue. DNA isolation products were amplified in the ATP 8 gene region by the PCR method, sequenced. Data was analyzed using MEGA program version 5.1. The PCR reaction produces 681 bp of product. The results of the analysis obtained 85 different nucleotide sites. The nucleotide sequence of the ATP 8 gene was analyzed using kimura 2 parameters. The construction of the filogram using the neighbor joining method with a bootstrap value 1000 times based on the ATP 8 gene sequence shows the kinship between the four types of cuscus, which produces two branches of Phalanger and Spilocuscus, namely brown cuscus related to white cuscus and related cuscus with spotted cuskus.
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References
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Rahayu, S., Sumitro, S.B., Susilawati, T. 2006. Identifikasi Polimorfisme Gen GH Sapi Bali Dengan Metode PCR-RFLP. Berk. Penel. Hayati. Vol. 12(2006) 7-11. ( Diakses : 6 Januari 2019 ).
Rahayu, S., Susilo, A., Djati, M.S., Burhanudin., Suyadi. 2008. Identifikasi Polimorfisme Gen Meat Tenderness Pada Sapi Peranakan Ongolo (PO) Dengan Metode PCR-RFLP. Seminar Nasional Teknologi Peternakan dan Veteriner. Vol. 1 (2008) 93-98. ( Diakses : 6 Januari 2019 ).
Rane, P.P. 2011. Standardization and Optimization of mtDNA Isolation and Molecular Genetic Analysis of D-loop Region in Animal Natural Fibres. Intr. J. of Zoo Res : 190-200.
Rustam. 2011. Mengenal Teknik DNA Sequencing. http ://sciencebiotech.net/ mengenal-teknik-dna-sequencing. ( Diakses : 5 Januari 2019 ).
Saccone C, Pesole G, Sbisa E. 1991. The main regulatory region of mammalian mitochondrial DNA: Structure–function model and evolutionary pattern. J. Mol. Evol. 33: 83–91.
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Stevens, L. 1991. Genetics and Evolution of the Domestic fowl. Departemen of Biological and Molecular Sciences University of Stirling. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.
Suhaeny,A.2010. Rekayasa Genetika – Pengantar Bioteknologi. www. P4tkipa.org / data / rekgen.pdf
Sulandary, S. dan Zein, M.S. 2003. Panduan Praktis Laboratorium DNA. LIPI, Bogor.
Suryanto, D. 2003. Melihat Keanekaragaman Organisme Melalui Beberapa Teknik Genetika Molekuler. Universitas Sumatera Utara. USU Digital Library. Medan.
Susanto, A.H. 2008. Sekuensing DNA. From Biologi Molekuler. http : // biomol.wordpress.com/bahan-ajar/sekuensing-dna. (Diakses : 7 Januari 2019 ).
Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, and Kumar S. 2011. MEGA5 : Molekuler Evolutionnary Genetics Analysis using Maximum likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, ang Maximum Parsimony Methods. Mol.Bio. Evo. 28 : 2731-2739.
Widayanti, R. 2006. Kajian penanda genetic gen cytochrome B pada Tarsius sp. J. Sain Vet. 24(1) : 1-8 ( Diakses : 8 Agustus 2018 ).
Widayanti, R. dan Solihin, D.D. 2007. Kajian penanda genetic tarsius bancannus dan Tarsius spectrum dengan sekuen D-loop Parsial dari DNA Mitikondria. Biota. 12(3) : 172-178 ( Diakses : 8 Januari 2019 ).
Widayanti, R. 2008. Kajian molekuler daerah D-loop Parsial pada DNA mitokondria Tarsius bancanus. Vet. Med. J. 24 (2) : 174-182 ( Diakses : 8 Agustus 2018 ).
Widayanti, R. 2010. Kajian molekuler gen ATP8 Synthase Subunit 8 (ATP8) pada DNA Mitokondria Tarsius sp. Vet. Med.J. 26(3) ; 174-182 (Diakses : 8 Agustus 2018 ).
Widayanti, R., Handayani, N.S.H dan Budiarsa, I.M. 2011. Keragaman Genetika gen penyandi Dehydrogenase Sub-unit 3(ND3) mitokondria pada Tarsius sp. J. Vet. 12 (1) : 26-33 ( Diakses : 9 Januari 2015 ).
Widayanti, R., Susmiati, T. 2012. Studi Keragaman Genetik Tarsius sp. Asal Kalimantan, Sumatera, Sulawesi berdasarkan sekuen gen NADH Dehidrogenase Sub-Unit 4L(ND4L) J. Kedokteran Hewan. 6 (2) : 105-111 ( Diakses : 9 Januari 2019 ).
Widayanti, R., Susmiati, T., Artama, W.T. 2013. Keragaman Genetik Gen NADH Dehidrogenase Sub Unit 6 pada Monyet Hantu (Tarsius sp). J. Veteriner. 14 (2) : 239-249 ( Diakses : 10 Januari 2019 ).
Wolstenholme, D.R. 1992. Animal mitochondrial DNA: structur and evolution. Int. Rev.Cytol. 141:173-216 ( Diakses : 8 Januari 2019 ).
Wulandary, D.T. 2005. Evolusi mitokondria dan pemanfaatannya dalam Penelusuran Kekerabatan dan Evolusi Organisme. Isjd.pdii.lipi.go.id /admin/jurnal/ed50805255.pdf ( Diakses : 8 Januari 2019 ).
Yuwono, T. 2006. Teori dan Aplikasi Polymerase Chain Reaction. Andi offset, Yogyakarta. ( Diakses : 8 Januari 2019 ).
Bayu, E.S. 2005. Pewarisan Bahan Genetik di Luar Nukleus. E-USU Repository Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Browning, K.S. 1982. Cytochrome oxidase subunit III gen in Neurospora crassa mitochondria Location and sequence . J. Biol. Chem. 257 : 5253-5256 ( Diakses : 8 Januari 2018 )
Cahyadi, A. 2012. Defenisi Satwa Liar ( online ), http : // cahya diblogsan. blogspot.com/2012/04/defenisi-satwa-liar.html ( Diakses : 10 Juni 2018 )
Erwanto Y, Sugiyono., Rohman A., Abidin M.Z., Ariyani D. 2012. Identifikasi Daging Babi Menggunakan Metode PCR-RFLP Gen Cytochrom b dan PCR Primer Specifik Gen Amelogenin. Agritech.32(4) : 370-377.
Fatchiyah, 2006. Gel Elektroforesis. Laboratorium Sentral Biologi Molekuler dan Seluler. Departemen Biologi. Universitas Brawijaya. Malang.
Fatem, S., Sawen, D. Jenis Kuskus di Pantai Utara Manokwari Papua. Biodiversiti. 8(2) 233-237. ( Diakses : 29 Juni 2019 ).
Flannery, T., M. Archer, and G. Maynes. 1987. The Phylogenitic Relationships of Living Phalangerids ( Phalangeroidea : Marsupialia ) with a suggested new taxonomy. In Possum and Opossum : Studies In Evolution. ( M. Archer, Ed.). Surrey Beatty & Sons and The Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales : Sydney.
Flannery, T. 1987. A New Species of Phalanger ( Phalangeridae : Marsupialia ) from montane Western Papua New Guinea. Records of Australia Museum. 39(4) : 183-193. ( Diakses : 16 September 2018 ).
Flannery, T. 1990. Mammals of New Guinea. Robert Brown and Associates. ( Diakses : 20 Agustus 2018 ).
Flannery, T. 1995. Mammals of the south-west Pasific and Moluccan Island. Sydney : Reed Books. ( Diakses : 20 Agustus 2018 ).
George, G.G. 1987. Characterisation of the living species of cuscus ( Marsupialia : Phalangeridae). Pp. 507-526, In Possum and Opossum : Studies In Evolution. ( M. Archer Ed). Surrey Beatty & Sons and The Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales : Sydney.
Giles, R.E., Blanc, H., Cann, H.M., Wallace, D.C.1980. Maternal Inheritance of Human Mitochondrial DNA. Proc. Natl Acad Sci. USA. 77 : 6715-6719.
Gilmore, D.P. 2002. Sexual Dimorphism in The Central Nervous System of Marsupials. Int Review of Cytology. Vol. 214 : 193-224.
Guyton, A.C. 1996. Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran. EGC. Press, Jakarta.
Heinshon, T.E. 2005. Den Sites and Habitats Utilised by The Nothern Common Cuscus Phalanger orientalis ( Marsupialia Phalangeridae ) In East Timor. Australia Mammalogy. Vol.27. 99 - 101.
Helgen,K.M., Flannery, T.F. 2004. Notes on The Phalangerid Marsupial Genus Spilocuscus, With Description Of A New Species From Papua. Journal Of Mammalogy. Vol. 85(5). 825-833.
Hume, I.D. 1999. Marsupial Nutrition. Cambridge University Press. Australia.
Isaac, J.L., and Johnson, C.N. 2012. Sexual Dimorphism and Synchrony of Breeding : Variation in Polygyny Potential Among Populations in The Common Brushtail Possum, Trchosurus vulpecula. Behav Eco. Vol. 14 No. 6. 818-822
Lander, E.S. and Bolstein, D. 1989. Mapping Mendelian factors underlying quantitative traits using RFLP linkage maps. Genetics 121: 185-199. ( Diakses : 25 Agustus 2018 ).
Latinis, K. 1996. Hunting The Cusus in Western Seram. The Role of The Phalanger in Subsistence Economies in Central Maluku. Cakalele Press. University Of Hawaii. ( Diakses : 16 Agustus 2018 ).
Lewis, R. 2003. Human Genetica : Concepts and Application. The McGraw-Hill company Inc. Boston. ( Diakses : 10 Januari 2019 ).
Mariana, E. 2011. Analisis Keragaman Gen Laktoferin Pada Sapi Friesian-Holstein Dengan Metode PCR-RFLP. Agripet. Vol. 11(1) 15-22.
Marlina, Mutalib, S.A, Islami, S.N, Sari, H.K, Fitriyah. 2013. Pengembangan Metode PCR dan Southern Hibridization untuk Deteksi Gen Babi Pada Cangkang Kapsul. Prosiding Seminar Nasional. Universitas Kebangsaan Malaysia. Bangi. Malaysia. ( Diakses : 10 Januari 2019 ).
Martojo, H. 1990. Peningkatan Mutu Genetik Ternak. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi. Pusat Antar Universitas Bioteknologi. IPB.Bogor.
Mckay, D.M and Winter, J.W. 2006. Fauna Of Australia. Phalangeridae. Australia.
Megarani, D. V., 2012. Kajian Keragaman Genetik Gen Penyandi NADH Pada Tarsius sp. Gajah Mada Press. Yogyakarta.
Menzies, J. L., 1991. A Handbook of New Guinea Marsupials and Monotremes. Kristen Press Inc. Madang Papua New Guinea.
Ngili, Y. 2008. Mengenal DNA Mitokondria dan Aplikasinya. http : // www. Kompas.co.id/kompas-cetak/0311/04/inspirasi/664826.htm ( Diakses : 10 Januari 2019 ).
Nowak, R.M. 1999. Walker’s Mammals of The world. 6th Ed. Volume 1. The Jhon Hopkins University Press. ( Diakses : 30 Agustus 2018 ).
Pattiselano, F. 2007. Perburuan Kuskus ( Phalangeridae ) oleh Masyarakat Napan di Pulau Ratewi, Nabire, Papua. Biodiversitas. Vol. 8. UNIPA Papua. ( Diakses : 16 Agustus 2018 ).
Petocz, R.G. 1994. Mamalia Darat Irian Jaya. WWF Indonesia Programmed . PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.
Price, T., and Bontrager, A. 2001. Evolutonary Genetics: The evolution of plumage patterns. Currrent Biology. Volume 11, Issue 10, 15 May 2001, Pages R405-R408. Departement of Biology 0116, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
Primack, R.B., Supriatna, J., Indrawan, M., Kramadibrata, P. 1998. Biologi Konservasi. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. Jakarta.
Prusak, B., Grzybowski, T., Bednarek, J. 2005. Cytochrome b gene (cyt b) in analysis of anonymous biological traces and its application in veterinary diagnostics and animal conservation. Animal Science Papers and Reports vol. 23 (2005) 4, 229-236. ( Diakses : 2 September 2018 ).
Rahayu, S., Sumitro, S.B., Susilawati, T. 2006. Identifikasi Polimorfisme Gen GH Sapi Bali Dengan Metode PCR-RFLP. Berk. Penel. Hayati. Vol. 12(2006) 7-11. ( Diakses : 6 Januari 2019 ).
Rahayu, S., Susilo, A., Djati, M.S., Burhanudin., Suyadi. 2008. Identifikasi Polimorfisme Gen Meat Tenderness Pada Sapi Peranakan Ongolo (PO) Dengan Metode PCR-RFLP. Seminar Nasional Teknologi Peternakan dan Veteriner. Vol. 1 (2008) 93-98. ( Diakses : 6 Januari 2019 ).
Rane, P.P. 2011. Standardization and Optimization of mtDNA Isolation and Molecular Genetic Analysis of D-loop Region in Animal Natural Fibres. Intr. J. of Zoo Res : 190-200.
Rustam. 2011. Mengenal Teknik DNA Sequencing. http ://sciencebiotech.net/ mengenal-teknik-dna-sequencing. ( Diakses : 5 Januari 2019 ).
Saccone C, Pesole G, Sbisa E. 1991. The main regulatory region of mammalian mitochondrial DNA: Structure–function model and evolutionary pattern. J. Mol. Evol. 33: 83–91.
Sharma, A., Namdeo, A.G., Mahadik, K.R. 2010. Molecular Mome Analysis. Pharmacognosy Review 2 (3) : 23-31. ( Diakses : 13 Januari 2019 ).
Setia, T. M. 2008. Penyebaran Biji Oleh Satwa Liar Di Kawasan Pusat Konservasi Alam Bodogol, Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango. Vis Vitalis. 1(1).
Shekelle, M., Leksono, S.M., 2004. The Natural History of the Tarsiers of north and central Sulawesi. Sulawesi Prim. News. 4(2) : 4-11. ( Diakses : 2 September 2018 ).
Schmitz, J., Olme, M. dan Zischler. 2012. The Complete Mitochondrial Sequence of Tarsius bancannus : Evidence for an extensive Nucleutide Compositional Plasticity of Primate Mitochondrial DNA. Mol. Biol. Evol. 19 : 544-553. ( Diakses : 9 Januari 2019 ).
Stevens, L. 1991. Genetics and Evolution of the Domestic fowl. Departemen of Biological and Molecular Sciences University of Stirling. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.
Suhaeny,A.2010. Rekayasa Genetika – Pengantar Bioteknologi. www. P4tkipa.org / data / rekgen.pdf
Sulandary, S. dan Zein, M.S. 2003. Panduan Praktis Laboratorium DNA. LIPI, Bogor.
Suryanto, D. 2003. Melihat Keanekaragaman Organisme Melalui Beberapa Teknik Genetika Molekuler. Universitas Sumatera Utara. USU Digital Library. Medan.
Susanto, A.H. 2008. Sekuensing DNA. From Biologi Molekuler. http : // biomol.wordpress.com/bahan-ajar/sekuensing-dna. (Diakses : 7 Januari 2019 ).
Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, and Kumar S. 2011. MEGA5 : Molekuler Evolutionnary Genetics Analysis using Maximum likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, ang Maximum Parsimony Methods. Mol.Bio. Evo. 28 : 2731-2739.
Widayanti, R. 2006. Kajian penanda genetic gen cytochrome B pada Tarsius sp. J. Sain Vet. 24(1) : 1-8 ( Diakses : 8 Agustus 2018 ).
Widayanti, R. dan Solihin, D.D. 2007. Kajian penanda genetic tarsius bancannus dan Tarsius spectrum dengan sekuen D-loop Parsial dari DNA Mitikondria. Biota. 12(3) : 172-178 ( Diakses : 8 Januari 2019 ).
Widayanti, R. 2008. Kajian molekuler daerah D-loop Parsial pada DNA mitokondria Tarsius bancanus. Vet. Med. J. 24 (2) : 174-182 ( Diakses : 8 Agustus 2018 ).
Widayanti, R. 2010. Kajian molekuler gen ATP8 Synthase Subunit 8 (ATP8) pada DNA Mitokondria Tarsius sp. Vet. Med.J. 26(3) ; 174-182 (Diakses : 8 Agustus 2018 ).
Widayanti, R., Handayani, N.S.H dan Budiarsa, I.M. 2011. Keragaman Genetika gen penyandi Dehydrogenase Sub-unit 3(ND3) mitokondria pada Tarsius sp. J. Vet. 12 (1) : 26-33 ( Diakses : 9 Januari 2015 ).
Widayanti, R., Susmiati, T. 2012. Studi Keragaman Genetik Tarsius sp. Asal Kalimantan, Sumatera, Sulawesi berdasarkan sekuen gen NADH Dehidrogenase Sub-Unit 4L(ND4L) J. Kedokteran Hewan. 6 (2) : 105-111 ( Diakses : 9 Januari 2019 ).
Widayanti, R., Susmiati, T., Artama, W.T. 2013. Keragaman Genetik Gen NADH Dehidrogenase Sub Unit 6 pada Monyet Hantu (Tarsius sp). J. Veteriner. 14 (2) : 239-249 ( Diakses : 10 Januari 2019 ).
Wolstenholme, D.R. 1992. Animal mitochondrial DNA: structur and evolution. Int. Rev.Cytol. 141:173-216 ( Diakses : 8 Januari 2019 ).
Wulandary, D.T. 2005. Evolusi mitokondria dan pemanfaatannya dalam Penelusuran Kekerabatan dan Evolusi Organisme. Isjd.pdii.lipi.go.id /admin/jurnal/ed50805255.pdf ( Diakses : 8 Januari 2019 ).
Yuwono, T. 2006. Teori dan Aplikasi Polymerase Chain Reaction. Andi offset, Yogyakarta. ( Diakses : 8 Januari 2019 ).
Published
2019-06-11
How to Cite
Usmany, M., & Kakisina, P. (2019). Kajian Molekuler Kuskus (Famili Phalangeridae) di Penangkaran Desa Lumoli, Seram, Maluku Berdasarkan Urutan Gen ATP8. JURNAL KAJIAN VETERINER, 7(1), 12-46. https://doi.org/10.35508/jkv.v7i1.652
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