JURNAL KAJIAN VETERINER

Dampak Ekonomi Kejadian Avian Influenza di Kabupaten Pinrang pada Peternakan Ayam Petelur

2026-06-13T15:29:41+00:00

Avian influenza reduces egg production in layer chickens, leading to significant economic losses for farmers. Pinrang, one of the largest egg-producing regions in South Sulawesi, continues to face recurring cases of avian influenza. This study aimed to estimate the economic losses associated with avian influenza incidences in layer chicken farms in Pinrang District. The economic impact was assessed using partial analysis by calculating both direct and indirect costs of avian influenza at the district and farm levels on an annual basis. Input parameters included epidemiological and economic data obtained from the Department of Livestock and Plantation of Pinrang District, scientific literature, commodity and veterinary product records, and veterinary practitioners. Sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of uncertain parameters on the estimated outcomes. The results indicated that the total economic loss reached IDR 12.4 billion/year at the district level and IDR 9 million/year at the farm level. The largest allocation of the losses was attributed to reduced egg production (38.1%), followed by vaccination costs (25.9%). The most influential parameters affecting the estimates were disease incidence and egg prices. In conclusion, avian influenza causes substantial economic losses in Pinrang District, highlighting the importance of preventive measures to minimize future costs.

Identifikasi Keberadaan Gen mecA, mecC dan blaZ pada Isolat Tersimpan Staphylococcus aureus Asal Susu Sapi Perah Mastitis Subklinis

2026-06-13T15:47:44+00:00

Mastitis is an inflammation of the bovine udder that can reduce both the quantity and quality of milk. This condition is commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus which has the ability to develop resistance to antibiotics. The most frequently reported resistance is associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with the possible involvement of β-lactamase enzymes. This study aimed to identify resistance-encoding genes, namely mecA, mecC, and blaZ, in stored Staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from the milk of dairy cows with subclinical mastitis. The study was conducted using phenotypic and genotypic approaches to reconfirm the species of Staphylococcus aureus. The identification results showed that 22 of 28 isolates (78,6%) were confirmed as Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility testing using the Kirby–Bauer method showed that 2 of 22 isolates (9,1%) were resistant to penicillin G, while all isolates (100%) remained sensitive to cefoxitin. PCR results showed that 5 of 22 isolates (22,7%) carried the blaZ gene, whereas none of the isolates (0%) were detected to carry the mecA or mecC genes. These findings indicate that the resistance mechanism in stored Staphylococcus aureus isolates from dairy cows with subclinical mastitis in Tanjungsari District is associated with β-lactamase production.

Tingkat Keamanan Pakan Hewan Kesayangan Berbahan Dasar Daging Mentah dan Pakan Basah Berdasarkan Jumlah Total Mikrob, Enterobacteriaceae, dan Staphylococcus aureus

2026-06-13T15:55:59+00:00

The growing popularity of raw meat-based diets (RMBDs) for pets has raised considerable concern regarding microbiological hazards due to the absence of heat treatment during production. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the microbiological quality of RMBDs and Wet pet food by assessing Total Viable Count (TVC), Enterobacteriaceae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Three RMBDs brands and one Wet pet food brand, derived from chicken and beef, were analyzed, with five samples collected from each. Microbial enumeration was performed using standard plate count methods. The mean TVC in chicken- and beef-based RMBDs was 3.9 × 10⁵ ± 5.6 × 10⁵ CFU/g and 2.7 × 10⁵ ± 3.0 × 10⁵ CFU/g, respectively, compared with 3.3 × 10² ± 2.6 × 10² CFU/g in wet pet food. The mean Enterobacteriaceae counts were 3.2 × 10⁴ ± 4.8 × 10⁴ CFU/g in chicken-based RMBDs, 2.8 × 10³ ± 2.6 × 10³ CFU/g in beef-based RMBDs, and 0 CFU/g in wet pet food. The average counts of S. aureus were 2.4 × 10⁴ ± 3.0 × 10⁴ CFU/g in chicken-based RMBDs and 2.1 × 10⁴ ± 5.6 × 10⁴ CFU/g in beef-based RMBDs, whereas no S. aureus was detected in wet pet food. Overall, RMBDs exhibited significantly higher microbial loads compared with Wet pet food and did not meet international microbiological safety standards. These findings highlight the potential public health and animal health risks associated with RMBDs consumption.

Pengaruh Kombinasi Anestesi Ketamine-Medetomidine dengan Premedikasi Acepromazine dan Atropine Sulfate terhadap Profil Hematologi Anjing Lokal

2026-06-14T00:41:22+00:00

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the combination of ketamine-medetomidine anesthesia with two different types of premedication, namely acepromazine and atropine sulfate, on hematological parameters in local dogs. A total of six male local dogs aged 1–2 years with a body weight of 8–15 kg were used as experimental animals and randomly divided into two groups (three dogs each). Group 1 was given acepromazine premedication (0.05 mg/kg BW, im), while group 2 was given atropine sulfate premedication (0.04 mg/kg BW, sc). Fifteen minutes later, both groups were induced with ketamine (10 mg/kg BW, im) and medetomidine (30 µg/kg BW, im). Blood samples were taken through the saphenous vein at three observation times: before anesthesia (T0), 30 minutes (T30), and 60 minutes (T60) after anesthesia. Parameters measured included total erythrocytes, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit values, and total leukocytes using a hematology analyzer. Data analysis showed no significant differences (p>0.05) between time points or between treatment groups. The erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and leukocyte counts in both groups remained within the normal physiological range. However, the group 1 showed a tendency for decreased hematological values after anesthesia due to the sedative effect of acepromazine, while the group 2 showed a transient increase due to the pre-anesthetic stress response and mild dehydration. The results of this study indicate that the combination of ketamine-medetomidine anesthesia with acepromazine or atropine sulfate premedication does not cause significant hematological changes and is safe for use in local dogs during clinical anesthetic procedures.

Genetic Variation Analysis of FSHB Gene Exon 3 in Goats (Capra hircus) Using in Silico Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)

2026-06-13T16:01:25+00:00

Studi ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis in silico awal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) pada ekson 3 gen Hormon Perangsang Folikel Beta (FSHB) pada kambing (Capra hircus) menggunakan enzim restriksi BspMAI dan PstI. Empat sekuens ekson 3 gen FSHB yang telah dipublikasikan, masing-masing sepanjang 310 bp, diperoleh dari basis data NCBI dan dianalisis dengan digesti restriksi virtual. Hasil analisis memprediksi dua pola restriksi pada sekuens yang dianalisis: pola tidak terpotong sepanjang 310 bp dan pola terpotong yang menghasilkan fragmen sepanjang 200 bp dan 110 bp. Pola tidak terpotong sepanjang 310 bp ditemukan pada tiga sekuens, sedangkan pola 200 bp dan 110 bp ditemukan pada satu sekuens. Hasil ini menunjukkan kemungkinan adanya perbedaan situs restriksi pada atau di sekitar situs pengenalan BspMAI/PstI pada ekson 3 gen FSHB kambing. Namun, karena penelitian ini terbatas pada analisis komputasional sekuens publik dan tidak melibatkan sampel biologis, amplifikasi PCR, pengurutan, pencernaan enzim restriksi langsung, atau validasi elektroforesis, temuan ini masih bersifat pendahuluan. Penelitian lebih lanjut menggunakan penyelarasan sekuens berganda, identifikasi SNP, dan validasi PCR-RFLP laboratorium pada populasi kambing sebenarnya diperlukan untuk mengkonfirmasi potensi penggunaan BspMAI/PstI dalam studi genetika kambing

Perbedaan Kilovolt Terhadap Kualitas Gambar Kepala, Saluran Respirasi dan Saluran Pencernaan pada Biawak (Varanus salvator)

2026-06-14T00:43:47+00:00

The aim of this study was to obtain the best radiographic image quality by evaluating optimum parameters including kilovoltage (kV), milliampere (mA), exposure time and focal distance in relation to different body thicknesses. This research employed an exploratory laboratory method and was conducted at Weka Animal Hospital, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya. The equipment used consisted of an X-Ray unit (Dongmun) and a digital radiography system (Rayence). A total of 14 waer monitor lizards were used as samples, divided into three age groups adult, uvenile and baby. Each group underwent dorsoventral and lateral radiographic imaging four times using the following exposure settings: 40kV,100mA; 50kV,100mA; 60kV,50mA; and 70kV,50mA, with 2 mAs and a focal film distance of 100 cm. The results showed that the clearest radiographic images for the head region were obtained at 70kV,50mA for adults, 50kV,100 mA for juveniles, and 40kV,100mA for baby. For the respiratory tract, the best image quality was also produced at 70kV,50 mA for adults, 50kV,100mA for juveniles, and 40kV,100mA for baby. However, for the digestive tract, the optimal settings were 70kV,50mA for adults, 50kV,100mA for juveniles and 40kV,100mA for baby.

Profil Leukosit dan Parasit Ikan Lele Mutiara (Clarias gariepinus) pada Media Kolam Beton, Kolam Terpal dan Ember

2026-06-24T07:56:49+00:00

This study aimed to evaluate the physiological responses and health status of pearl catfish (Clarias gariepinus) based on hematological parameters and parasite infestation under three culture systems: concrete pond (2×3×1 m, P1), tarpaulin pond (2 m diameter, P2), and 50 L bucket/budikdamber (P3), with rearing durations of 90, 70, and 80 days, respectively. Blood samples and swabs from gill mucus and intestinal fluid were collected 10 days before harvest to analyze differential leukocytes (monocytes, lymphocytes, heterophils) and identify parasites microscopically. Water quality measurements showed temperatures of 24–27°C, pH 7.0–7.1, and respiration ratios (R/CR) >1, indicating optimal environmental conditions. Lymphocyte percentages were highest in the concrete pond (67.67 ± 13.65%), followed by the tarpaulin pond (64.33 ± 19.76%) and bucket (59.00 ± 3.61%), but differences were not statistically significant (Kruskal–Wallis, p>0.05). Parasite identification revealed three species in the concrete pond (Trichodina sp., Gyrodactylus sp., Vorticella sp.), two species in the tarpaulin pond (Vorticella sp., Procamallanus sp.), and no parasites in the bucket. In conclusion, variations in culture systems influenced differential leukocyte profiles and parasite presence adaptively, without causing significant health disturbances. These findings provide a scientific basis for selecting culture systems that support immune health and welfare of pearl catfish.

Hepatoprotective Effects of Durian Seed Extract on Broiler Chickens: Evaluation of Serum SGPT and SGOT Levels

2026-06-14T00:40:48+00:00

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan kadar enzim Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) dan Serum Glutamic Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT) pada ayam broiler yang diberi ekstrak biji durian (Durio zibethinus L.) di bawah kondisi cekaman panas. Ekstrak biji durian diketahui mengandung senyawa bioaktif seperti flavonoid, fenol, polifenol, tanin, saponin, dan alkaloid, serta vitamin C, vitamin E, dan mineral esensial. Kandungan tersebut berfungsi sebagai antioksidan alami dan sumber multivitamin yang mampu mendukung sistem imun, menjaga fungsi fisiologis, serta meningkatkan ketahanan tubuh unggas. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan lima kelompok perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Kelompok perlakuan terdiri atas: P0 yaitu ayam broiler yang dipelihara dalam kondisi cekaman panas dengan pemberian 0,0 mL/L ekstrak biji durian; P1 yaitu cekaman panas dengan 1,0 mL/L ekstrak biji durian; P2 yaitu cekaman panas dengan 1,5 mL/L ekstrak biji durian; P3 yaitu cekaman panas dengan 2,0 mL/L ekstrak biji durian; dan P4 yaitu cekaman panas dengan 2,5 mL/L ekstrak biji durian. Sampel darah diambil setelah periode perlakuan, dan kadar SGOT serta SGPT diukur di laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak biji durian tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar SGPT ayam broiler (P>0,05). Namun, kadar SGOT bervariasi antar kelompok, dengan nilai tertinggi terdapat pada P0. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak biji durian tidak bersifat hepatotoksik dan dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif antioksidan dan multivitamin. Temuan ini mendukung pemanfaatan ekstrak biji durian sebagai sumber antioksidan alami dan multivitamin yang berperan dalam mengurangi ketergantungan pada multivitamin sintetis tanpa memberikan dampak negatif pada fungsi hati.

Kualitas Semen Beku Babi Peranakan Landrace pada Berbagai Level Madu Dalam Pengencer Tris-Kuning Telur

2026-06-14T00:39:50+00:00

Information regarding the optimal concentration of honey in Tris-egg yolk extender to maintain the quality of frozen boar semen remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of honey supplementation on the quality of frozen semen of landrace crossbred boars. Honey was selected due to its antioxidant properties and its role as an energy source (glucose and fructose), which may protect spermatozoa from cryodamage during the freezing process. This experiment applied a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. Semen was collected from four landrace crossbred boar aged -2,5 years with ≥75% motility and ≤20% abnormalities. The treatments were T0 (control without honey), T1 (0,75%), T2 (1,50%), T3 (2,25%), T4 (3%) honey in Tris-egg yolk extender. Observed parameters included motility, viability, abnormality and recovery rate after thawing. Statistical analysis showed that honey supplementation significantly affected (P<0,05) semen quality. The best result was obtained at 2,25% honey (T3),with post-thaw motility of 42,35%, viability of 59,80%, abnormality of 10,11%, and recovery rate of 52,64%. It can be concluded that 2,25% honey supplementation in Tris-egg yolk extender is the optimal concentration for maintaining the quality of frozen semen of landrace crossbred boars.

Deteksi Toxoplasma gondii pada Kambing Sebagai Potensi Zoonosis di Kota Kupang

2026-06-14T00:48:36+00:00

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases, which can infect animals and humans. Toxoplasmosis is caused by the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, with cats as the definitive host and warm blooded animals, including goats, as intermediate hosts. This study aims to detect Toxoplasma gondii in goats in Kupang City and to determine differences in serological detection based on sex and age. The samples in this study were goat blood collected at goat slaughterhouses in Kupang City using simple random sampling method, with a total of 5 samples from young male goats (< 2 years), 5 samples from old male goats (≥ 2 years), 5 samples from young female goats (< 2 years), and 5 samples from old female goats (≥ 2 years). The blood samples were separated by centrifugation to obtain goat serum, which was then tested using the Toxoplasma gondii Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The results showed that 50% of the samples were serologically positive for Toxoplasma gondii, with the highest serological positivity rate in female goats at 70% (7/10) and in older goats at 60% (6/10).