Design of a Natural Learning Space Center in Kupang City Using a Biophilic Architecture Approach

Abstract

Kupang City required of a facility that accommodates innovative and comfortable learning activities for its users. The limited availability of informal learning spaces in the city has affected the overall quality of learning among its community. The presence of informal learning environments is essential to support educational activities outside of the conventional classroom setting. In response to this issue, the Natural Learning Space Center is presented as an informal learning environment with a natural atmosphere. To evoke a sense of nature, the design adopts a Biophilic Architecture approach based on three core principles: (1) Nature in the Space, represented by the presence of vegetation arranged dynamically in learning areas, tiered reading spaces, curtain walls, and openings to optimize natural lighting and ventilation); (2) Natural Analogues, reflected in the use of wood and stone as local materials that emphasize form and texture, outdoor circulation grids shaped to resemble trees, and the use of repetitive patterns on the building façade; and (3) Nature of the Space, through the provision of both private learning areas and a side entrance that evokes a sense of mystery.The application of these three principles results in an integrated learning environment. Visitors can easily access educational facilities distributed across indoor, semi-outdoor, and outdoor zones, which are designed to be interconnected in order to ensure accessibility and learning comfort. By strengthening the relationship between humans and nature, this design not only contributes to improving learning quality but also has the potential to alleviate academic stress.