Buletin Ilmiah IMPAS

ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL MEDIA UTILIZATION STRATEGIES IN INCREASING SALES (Case Study of UMKM Sambal Nyala Rasa Yakusa at Kelurahan Mautapaga, Kecamatan Ende Timur, Kabupaten Ende)

Dwi Putri Mahrani Djafar — 2026-09-29

This study aims to: (1) identify internal and external factors in the utilization of social media at UMKM Sambal Nyala Rasa Yakusa; (2) analyze the constraints faced in digital marketing; and (3) formulate social media utilization strategies to increase sales. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation, and were then analyzed using IFAS, EFAS, and SWOT matrices to determine the strategic position of the business. The results show that UMKM Sambal Nyala Rasa Yakusa has relatively strong internal conditions. The main strengths include comprehensive product information and an easy ordering process. However, several weaknesses remain, including inconsistency in content uploads, suboptimal promotional creativity, and limited marketing reach. From the external perspective, the increasing use of social media and the development of digital technology provide major opportunities for business development. Based on the results of the strategic position analysis, the UMKM is positioned in Quadrant I (Strength-Opportunity), indicating that the appropriate strategy is an aggressive strategy by maximizing internal strengths to utilize external opportunities through improving content quality, increasing promotional intensity, and strengthening interaction with consumers in order to encourage sales growth.

FACTORS CONSIDERED BY CONSUMERS IN MAKING PURCHASING DECISIONS FOR ORNAMENTAL PLANTS (CASE STUDY AT KELURAHAN FATULULI KOTA KUPANG)

Yehuda Greshandy Patola — 2026-09-29

Kelurahan Fatululi is a center for ornamental plant business actors in NTT. Success in running an ornamental plant business requires an understanding that consumer behavior in purchasing decisions is strongly influenced by socio-economic factors. The selection of the data analysis technique was based on the research objectives, namely: (1) to determine the factors considered by consumers in purchasing ornamental plants, and (2) to determine which factors are most dominant in influencing ornamental plant purchasing decisions. Therefore, the data analysis technique used was descriptive percentage analysis. Based on this study, it can be concluded that price (X1), occupation (X2), plant shape and pattern (X3), types of plants already owned or not yet owned (X4), yard area used (X5), and plant care methods (X6) influence ornamental plant purchasing decisions. This study identified three most dominant factors, namely price (X1), where the largest proportion of respondents selected strongly agree, namely 56.7%, and 43.3% selected agree; plant shape and pattern (X3), where the largest proportion of respondents selected strongly agree, namely 60%, and 40% selected agree; and types of plants already owned or not yet owned (X4), where the largest proportion of respondents selected agree, namely 56.7%, and 43.3% selected strongly agree. Based on these data, it can be concluded that these three factors are more dominant than other factors in this study. Based on the research results and discussion, several conclusions can be drawn as follows: price (X1), occupation (X2), plant shape and pattern (X3), types of plants already owned or not yet owned (X4), yard area used (X5), and plant care methods (X6) influence ornamental plant purchasing decisions. In this study, the three factors that are more dominant in influencing ornamental plant purchasing decisions are price (X1), plant shape and pattern (X3), and types of plants already owned or not yet owned (X4).

BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR THE CASSAVA CHIPS AGROINDUSTRY CASE STUDY AT UD KOMODO IN SIKUMANA KOTA KUPANG

Sinta Sepriyani Lesik — 2026-09-29

This study aims to analyze the development strategy of the cassava chips agroindustry at UD Komodo in Sikumana, Kota Kupang. The research method used in this study is SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) to identify internal and external factors that influence the development of the cassava chips agroindustry at UD Komodo. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with the business owner and employees directly at the research site, as well as through literature studies from relevant sources. The results show that UD Komodo has strengths in good product quality, affordable prices, a strategic location, capable management, and adequate labor. However, it has weaknesses in marketing and distribution channels. The opportunities include a large potential local market and consumer interest in snack products, while the main challenges are competition from similar businesses and increasing raw material prices. Based on this analysis, several business development strategies were formulated, including product diversification by offering various flavors and types of cassava chips to meet consumer preferences; expansion of distribution channels by utilizing various distribution channels such as cooperation with shops and minimarkets as well as online sales through marketplaces; and the development of digital marketing by utilizing various social media channels to promote products and interact with consumers. These strategies are expected to enhance the competitiveness of UD Komodo, expand market share, and increase business income.

MARKETING EFFICIENCY OF ARABICA COFFEE BEANS (AT DESA BANGKA LELAK, KECAMATAN LELAK, KABUPATEN MANGGARAI)

Juan Diego Genggor — 2026-09-29

Coffee is one of the plantation crops widely cultivated and managed by communities in Desa Bangka Lelak. In practice, coffee farmers in Desa Bangka Lelak often face several problems, namely the determination of selling prices by intermediary traders, limited access to markets due to long distances, and very limited road infrastructure conditions. Therefore, this study aims to: (1) identify the existing coffee marketing channels in Desa Bangka Lelak, Kecamatan Lelak, Kabupaten Manggarai; (2) determine the marketing margin, farmer's share, and marketing costs in Desa Bangka Lelak, Kecamatan Lelak, Kabupaten Manggarai; and (3) determine the efficiency of marketing channels in Desa Bangka Lelak, Kecamatan Lelak, Kabupaten Manggarai. The results show that the majority of coffee farmers are within the productive age group; all coffee farmers are male, totaling 25 persons; they have a secondary education level (senior high school), more than 10 years of farming experience, an average number of family dependents ranging from 4 to 6 persons, and all coffee farmers have land areas of more than 1 ha. There are two marketing channels, namely farmers -> collectors -> retailers -> final consumers and farmers -> retailers -> final consumers. The marketing margin in marketing channel I is Rp.20,000, while in marketing channel II it is Rp.15,000. The farmer's share in marketing channel I is 78%, while in marketing channel II it is 83%. The marketing cost efficiency value in marketing channel I is 12%, while in marketing channel II it is 9%; therefore, the most efficient value is found in marketing channel II.

ANALYSIS OF RICE FARMERS’ RESPONSE TO THE USE OF COMBINE HARVESTER MACHINES IN RICE CROPS AT KECAMATAN KUPANG TIMUR, KABUPATEN KUPANG

Putri Anjalika Matatula — 2026-09-30

This study aims to analyze rice farmers’ responses to the use of combine harvester machines in Kecamatan Kupang Timur, Kabupaten Kupang. Using a descriptive quantitative approach, data were collected through a Likert-scale survey involving 84 farmers in Desa Oesao and Desa Naibonat. This study measures two main dimensions of farmers’ response, namely knowledge level and attitude toward the use of combine harvesters. The results show that farmers’ responses were highly positive, with 76.20% of respondents strongly agreeing and 23.80% agreeing with the use of the machine. Farmers had good understanding of the machine’s functions, benefits, and operational advantages, although several technical aspects were still understood at a moderate level. Farmers’ attitudes were also highly positive, particularly regarding time efficiency, reduced harvest losses, and reduced labor requirements. Factors influencing farmers’ responses included age, education level, farming experience, non-formal training, and land size. This study recommends strengthening training programs, increasing access to mechanization services, and optimizing the role of farmer groups to support broader and more sustainable technology adoption.

MANAGEMENT DECISION-MAKING STRATEGY OF HOME INDUSTRY IN LU’AT CHILI SAUCE PRODUCTION (CASE STUDY OF “SUKA MAJU” HOME INDUSTRY AT DESA NAPAN KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH UTARA)

Elisa Sofianti Sasi — 2026-09-30

Home industries are one of the economic drivers of rural communities and require proper management to develop sustainably. This study aims to analyze production costs and business profit, as well as to formulate management decision-making strategies for the “Suka Maju” home industry in Desa Napan, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara, which produces Lu’at chili sauce. The research method used was a case study, with primary and secondary data collected through observation and interviews. Data analysis was conducted through production cost calculation, profit and loss analysis using the variable costing method, and SWOT analysis using the IFAS and EFAS matrices. The results indicate that the Lu’at chili sauce business generates positive profit, but still faces several internal weaknesses and external threats. Based on the SWOT analysis, a decision-making strategy is needed that utilizes the business strengths and opportunities while improving weaknesses in production, marketing, management, and bookkeeping. An appropriate strategy is expected to improve business performance and maintain the sustainability of the home industry in the future.

EFFECTIVENESS OF THE FOOD SELF-RELIANCE SCHOOL MODEL IN STRENGTHENING HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY AS A STRATEGY FOR STUNTING PREVENTION AT DESA OINLASI, KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH SELATAN

Mariana Dinah Charlota Lerik — 2026-09-30

Stunting remains one of the major human development challenges in Indonesia, particularly in regions characterized by high poverty rates and low household food security. Efforts to reduce stunting have predominantly focused on health interventions, while the integration of nutrition literacy, local resource utilization, and community economic empowerment into a comprehensive intervention model has received limited attention. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the Food Self-Reliance School Model in improving nutrition literacy, strengthening household food security, and enhancing community economic empowerment in Oinlasi Village, South Central Timor Regency, Indonesia. The study employed a mixed-methods approach using a one-group pretest-posttest evaluative design. Data were collected through observations, interviews, documentation, and pretest-posttest assessments involving 32 participants, consisting of teachers, students, parents, and community health volunteers (Posyandu cadres). The program included nutrition education, school garden development, home garden utilization, household-scale fish farming, and training on local food processing. The findings revealed that the program improved participants' nutrition literacy with an N-Gain score of 0.60 (moderate category), expanded the utilization of home gardens, increased household food diversification, and promoted value-added food processing based on home garden products. The integration of nutrition education, food production, and community economic empowerment contributed positively to strengthening household food security and encouraging healthier dietary behaviors within the community. The Food Self-Reliance School Model can be considered a promising community empowerment approach for strengthening household food security and supporting accelerated stunting prevention strategies in rural areas.

EVALUATION OF LOWLAND RICE FARMERS’ SATISFACTION LEVEL WITH THE PERFORMANCE OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION WORKERS AT DESA NOELBAKI, KECAMATAN KUPANG TENGAH, KABUPATEN KUPANG

Maria V. Wangung — 2026-09-30

This study aims to evaluate the performance attributes of agricultural extension workers and the satisfaction level of lowland rice farmers in Noelbaki Village, Kupang Tengah District, Kupang Regency. The study was motivated by a decline in lowland rice production over the last two years, indicating the need to evaluate the effectiveness of agricultural extension workers as farmer companions. The research used a survey method, with data collected through questionnaires and interviews with lowland rice farmers. Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis to describe extension worker performance, as well as Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) and Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) methods to evaluate farmers’ satisfaction levels. The results show that the performance of agricultural extension workers includes five service dimensions: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. In general, extension worker performance has been good, although several indicators still need improvement, particularly ease of contact and ability to use the local language. The IPA results show that the importance level had an average score of 3.91, categorized as important, while the performance level had an average score of 3.49, categorized as satisfied. Meanwhile, the CSI analysis resulted in an index value of 69.6%, which is in the “satisfied” category based on the CSI criterion of 68–84%. Thus, lowland rice farmers in Noelbaki Village were satisfied with the performance of agricultural extension workers, although improvements in several attributes are still needed to enhance the quality of extension services.

THE ROLE OF EXTENSION WORKERS IN EMPOWERING ORGANIC VEGETABLE FARMING AT THE HIDUP BARU FARMER’S GROUP AT DESA BAUMATA TIMUR, KECAMATAN TAEBENU, KABUPATEN KUPANG

Galni Roden — 2026-09-30

This study was conducted in Baumata Timur Village, Taebenu District, Kupang Regency, from June to July 2025. The objectives of this study were: (1) to describe the role of extension workers in empowering organic vegetable farming in the Hidup Baru Farmer Group in Baumata Timur Village; and (2) to determine the amount of farmer income obtained from organic vegetable farming. The research location was selected purposively, while the sample was determined using a saturated sampling technique involving all 33 members of the Hidup Baru Farmer Group. The data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis through the calculation of average scores and the revenue-to-cost ratio (R/C ratio). The results showed that the role of agricultural extension workers in empowering organic vegetable farming in Baumata Timur Village was in the “as expected” category, with an average score of 3.48 and a maximum score achievement percentage of 69.68%, which falls within the “as expected” range of 68–83%. Financially, the R/C ratio was 1.57, meaning that every Rp1.00 of production cost generated Rp1.57 in revenue. An R/C value greater than 1 indicates that organic vegetable farming is feasible and profitable to develop. The study concludes that extension-based empowerment and production cost efficiency contribute substantially to increasing farmer income and supporting the sustainability of organic farming.

TOMATO FARMERS' PERCEPTIONS OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION WORKER’S PERFORMANCE AT DESA LEWOKELENG, KECAMATAN ILE BOLENG, KABUPATEN FLORES TIMUR

Fantrisia Benga Baodai — 2026-09-30

This study aimed to determine tomato farmers' perceptions of the performance of agricultural extension workers and to identify the factors influencing these perceptions in Lewokeleng Village, Ile Boleng District, East Flores Regency. The research location was selected purposively, and the entire population of 35 tomato farmers was used as respondents through a census method. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and questionnaires using a Likert scale. Quantitative descriptive analysis was used to measure farmers' perceptions, while multiple linear regression was used to identify influencing factors. The results show that farmers' perceptions of agricultural extension worker performance were generally in the moderately satisfactory category, with 57.14% of respondents. The role of extension workers as communicators and innovators was perceived as relatively low, whereas their roles as facilitators and motivators were assessed more favorably. Regression results indicate that knowledge had a significant effect on farmers' perceptions, while farming experience, extension facilities, and social interaction had no significant effect.

EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF LOWLAND RICE FARMING USING A STOCHASTIC FRONTIER PRODUCTION FUNCTION APPROACH (CASE STUDY AT DESA GOLO SEPANG, KECAMATAN BOLENG, KABUPATEN

Lusia Oktaviana Unar — 2026-09-30

This study aims to analyze the factors influencing lowland rice production as well as the technical and economic efficiency of lowland rice farming in Golo Sepang Village, Boleng District, West Manggarai Regency. The research location was selected purposively (purposive sampling), and data were collected using a survey method. The analysis employed the Cobb–Douglas frontier production function and the stochastic frontier approach. The results show that seed, pesticides, and labor have positive and significant effects on lowland rice production, while fertilizer has a negative and insignificant effect. Age, farming experience, and household size significantly reduce technical inefficiency, whereas other sources of income increase technical inefficiency. Farmer group membership does not have a significant effect on technical inefficiency. The average technical efficiency is 0.664, allocative efficiency is 0.065, and economic efficiency is 0.040, indicating that lowland rice farming has not yet achieved economic efficiency.

ANALYSIS OF SHALLOT PRICE VARIATION IN SEVERAL TRADITIONAL MARKETS AT KOTA KUPANG

Meydita Lay — 2026-09-30

The price of shallots is an important component affecting public welfare because it is directly related to consumers’ purchasing power and traders’ income. Market dynamics influenced by changes in supply, demand, and distribution cause price fluctuations and price variations across markets. This study aims to determine the level of shallot price fluctuation and to analyze price integration between the two markets in both the short and long term during the 2020–2024 period. The research method used a quantitative approach with secondary data in the form of monthly time-series data obtained from the East Nusa Tenggara Provincial Trade Office and the Central Statistics Agency. Data analysis was conducted using the Vector Autoregression (VAR) method and the coefficient of variation with the assistance of EViews software. The results show that the level of shallot price fluctuation in both markets was relatively high and unstable, with coefficient of variation values of 29% in Inpres Naikoten Market and 28% in Oeba Market. In addition, the market integration analysis shows that shallot prices in the two markets were integrated both in the short and long term, but the relationship was asymmetric or unidirectional, running from Oeba Market to Inpres Naikoten Market. This finding indicates the dominant role of Oeba Market in shallot price formation in Kupang City.

EMPOWERMENT OF FARMERS' GROUPS THROUGH THE JAJAR LEGOWO PLANTING SYSTEM IN RICE FARMING AT DESA SIRU, KECAMATAN LEMBOR, KABUPATEN MANGGARAI BARAT

Paulina Karmelita Yuniarti — 2026-09-30

This research was carried out in Siru Village, Lembor District, West Manggarai Regency, which is one of the areas with the agricultural sector as the main livelihood of the community, especially in paddy rice farming. This village has considerable potential for agricultural development, but still faces various obstacles such as the low level of education of farmers, limited mastery of technology, and the still dominant use of traditional planting systems. Therefore, efforts to empower farmers through the application of technological innovations, one of which is the legowo row planting system, are needed to increase productivity and efficiency of farming. This study aims to: (1) find out the profile of paddy rice farming with a legowo row planting system, and (2) analyze the success rate of empowerment of the Want Jaya B farmer group through the implementation of the legowo row planting system which is reviewed from the aspects of human development, business development, environmental development, and institutional development in Siru Village, Lembor District, West Manggarai Regency. The results of the study show that paddy rice farming has implemented the legowo row planting system quite well, with an average production of ±4,855 tons/ha and a harvest period of twice a year. The overall success rate of farmer empowerment reached 90.23% which was included in the category of very much in line with expectations. In detail, the business development aspect has the highest value of 92.10%, which shows that farmers have been able to manage farming effectively. The environmental development aspect obtained a score of 94.35%, which means that farmers have applied environmental management principles very well. In the aspect of institutional development, farmer groups are in the advanced class with an average score of 3.93 or 91.36%, which shows that the group's institutions have run well.

PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF RICE FARMING BASED ON IRRIGATION TECHNIQUE AT DESA OESAO, KECAMATAN KUPANG TIMUR, KABUPATEN KUPANG

Marvin Lay — 2026-09-30

This study aims to describe the general condition of lowland rice farming and to analyze differences in profitability levels based on irrigation techniques in Oesao Village, East Kupang District, Kupang Regency. The research background shows that differences between irrigation and rainfed water-management systems cause variations in productivity, production costs, income, and farmer profitability. The study was conducted using a survey method involving 50 respondents, consisting of 25 farmers using an irrigation system and 25 farmers using a rainfed system. Data were analyzed using farm cost and revenue analysis, break-even point (BEP) analysis, and the calculation of the Marginal Income Ratio (MIR) and Margin of Safety (MOS). The results show that farmers using irrigation techniques had higher productivity and business efficiency than rainfed farmers. The average revenue of irrigated farmers reached Rp 31,000,000 per hectare, with total costs of Rp 13,670,000, resulting in income of Rp 17,330,000. In the rainfed system, revenue was Rp 24,000,000 with costs of Rp 12,000,000, generating income of Rp 12,000,000. Profitability was also higher in the irrigation system, with an MIR value of 65.5% and MOS of 55.9%, whereas the rainfed system had an MIR of 62.1% and MOS of 50.0%. The BEP results show that both systems were financially feasible; however, irrigation was more efficient because it had lower BEP production and BEP price values than the rainfed system.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRODUCTION AND INCOME OF RICE FIELD FARMING AT DESA PUKDALE, KECAMATAN KUPANG TIMUR, KABUPATEN KUPANG

Rusniati R — 2026-09-30

This study aims to: (1) Find out what factors affect production in paddy rice farming in Pukdale Village, East Kupang District, Kupang Regency; and (2) To find out the amount of rice paddy farming income in Pukdale Village, East Kupang District, Kupang Regency. The methods used in this study are quantitative and descriptive methods. Data was obtained through farmer interviews using questionnaires. The data analysis used was multiple linear regression statistical analysis with the Cobb-Douglas production function approach, and income analysis. The results of the study show that the factors that affect the production of paddy rice farming in this study consist of three significant variables, namely land area, seeds, and fertilizer. Meanwhile, the variables of pesticides, labor, age, education level, farming experience, number of family dependents, and informal education did not show a partial significant influence. However, simultaneously, these ten variables have a very significant effect on rice field production. The amount of rice farming income in Pukdale Village during one planting season obtained from the difference between total revenue and total cost is Rp. 1,059,328,285 with an average per farmer of Rp. 17,954,717 or Rp. 14,774,453 per hectare. This shows that income from paddy farming is moderate, supported by the level of production produced so as to contribute to farming income.