Synthesis, Evaluation, Modeling and Simulation of Nanopore NaA Zeolite Membranes for Application in Ethanol Separation
-
Mansoor Kazemimoghadam(1*)
Malek-Ashtar University of Technology
-
Zahra Amiri Rigi(2)
Islamic Azad University
(*) Corresponding Author
Keywords:
nanopores, pervaporation, ethanol separation, zeolite NaA membrane, FEM simulation
Abstract
Zeolite membranes have uniform and molecular-sized pores that separate molecules based on the differences in the molecules’ adsorption and diffusion properties. Strong electrostatic interaction between ionic sites and water molecules (due to its highly polar nature) makes the zeolite NaA membrane very hydrophilic. Zeolite NaA membranes are thus well suited for the separation of liquid-phase mixtures by pervaporation. In this study, experiments were conducted with various ethanol–water mixtures (1–20 wt. %) at 25 °C. Total flux for ethanol–water mixtures was found to vary from 0.331 to 0.229 kg/m2.h with increasing thanol concentration from 1 to 20 wt.%. Ionic sites of the NaA zeolite matrix play a very important role in water transport through the membrane. These sites act both as water sorption and transport sites. Surface diffusion of water occurs in an activated fashion through these sites. The precise Nano-porous structure of the zeolite cage helps in a partial molecular sieving of the large solvent molecules leading to high separation factors. A comparison between experimental flux and calculated flux using Stephan Maxwell (S.M.) correlation was made and a linear trend was found to exist for water flux through the membrane with ethanol concentration. A comprehensive model also was proposed for the ethanol-water pervaporation by Finite Element Method (FEM). The 2D model was masterfully capable of predicting water concentration distribution within both the membrane and the feed side of the pervaporation membrane module.
Keywords: nanopores, pervaporation, ethanol separation, zeolite NaA membrane, FEM simulation
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References
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Li Y, Chen H, Liu J, Li H, and Yang W. 2007. Pervaporation and vapor permeation dehydration of Fischer–Tropsch mixedalcohols by LTA zeolite membranes. Separation and Purification Technology 57(1): 140–146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2007.03.027
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Moulik S, Kumar KP, Bohra S, and Sridhar S. 2015. Pervaporation performance of PPO membranes in dehydration of highly hazardous MMH and UDMH liquid propellants. Journal of Hazardous Materials 288: 69-79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.02.020
Moulik S, Nazia S, Vani B, and Sridhar S. 2016. Pervaporation separation of acetic acid/water mixtures through sodium alginate/polyaniline polyion complex membrane. Separation and Purification Technology 170: 30-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2016.06.027
Narkkun T, Jenwiriyakul W, Amnuaypanich S. 2017. Dehydration performance of double-network poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite membranes (PVAs-DN). Journal of Membrane Science 528:
284-295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2016.12.069
Nour M, Kosaka H, Bady M, Sato S, and Abdel-Rahman AK. 2017. Combustion and emission characteristics of Dl diesel engine fueled by ethanol injected into the exhaust manifold. Fuel Processing Technology 164: 33-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.04.018
Pera-Titus M, Llorens J, Tejero J, and Cunill F. 2006. Description of the pervaporation dehydration performance Of A-type zeolite membranes: A modeling approach based on the Maxwell–
Stefan theory. Catalysis Today 118(1-2): 73–84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2005.12.006
Pera-Titus M, Llorens J, Tejero J, Cunill F. 2006. Description of the pervaporation dehydration performance Of A-type zeolite membranes: A modeling approach based on the Maxwell– Stefan theory. Catalysis Today 118(1-2): 73–84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2005.12.006
Qiao Z, Wu Y, Li X, and Zhou J. 2011. Molecular simulation on the separation of water-ethanol azeotropic mixture by poly(vinylalcohol) membrane. Fluid Phase Equilibria 302(1-2): 14-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2010.09.045
Qu H, Kong Y, Lv H, Zhang Y, Yang J, D. Shi D. 2010. Effect of crosslinking on sorption, diffusion and pervaporation of gasoline components in hydroxyethyl cellulose membranes. Chemical Engineering Journal 157(1): 60-66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2009.09.044
Rezakazemi M, Shahverdi M, Shirazian S, Mohammadi T, and PakA. 2011. CFD simulation of water removal from water/ethylene glycol mixtures by pervaporation. Chemical Engineering Journal 168(1):
60-67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2010.12.034
Rom A, Miltner A, Wukovits W, and Friedl A. 2016. Energy saving potential of hybrid membrane and distillation process in butanol purification: Experiments, modeling and simulation. Chemical
Engineering and Processing 104: 201-211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2016.03.012
Samei M, Iravaninia M, Mohammadi T, and Asadi AA. 2016. Solution diffusion modeling of a composite pervaporation/fumed silica ceramic supported membrane. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 109: 11-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2016.06.002
Santoro S, Galiano F, Jansen JC, and Figoli A. 2017. Strategy for scale-up of SBS pervaporation membranes for ethanol recovery from diluted aqueous solutions. Separation and Purification Technology 176: 252-261. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2016.12.018 Sato K, Sugimoto K, and Nakane T. 2008. Preparation of higher flux NaA zeolite membrane on asymmetric porous support and permeation behavior at higher temperatures up to 145°C in vapor permeation. Journal of Membrane Science 307(1): 181–195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2007.09.017
Sorenson SG, Payzant EA, Gibbons WT, Soydas B, Kita H, Noble RD, and Falconer LL. 2011. Influence of zeolite crystal expansion/contraction on NaA zeolite membrane separations.
Mesoporous Materials 120(1-2): 170–176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2008.08.062
Amnuaypanich S, J. Patthana J, and Phinyocheep P. 2009. Mixed matrix membranes prepared from natural rubber/poly(vinyl
alcohol) semi-interpenetrating polymer network (NR/pervaporation. A semi-IPN) incorporating with zeolite 4A for the pervaporation dehydration of water–ethanol mixtures. Chemical Engineering Science 64(23): 4908 – 4918. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2009.07.028
Bird RB, Stewart WE, and Lightfoot EN. Transport phenomena, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1960, 2nd edition. Das P and Ray SK. 2013. Analysis of sorption and permeation of acetic acid-water mixtures through unfilled and filled blend membranes. Separation and Purification Technology 116: 433-447. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2013.06.003
Das P and Ray SK. 2016. Pervaporation recovery of tetrahydrofuran from water with plasticized and filled polyvinylchloride membranes. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 34: 321-336. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2015.12.007
Díaz VHG and Tost GO. 2016. Butanol production from lignocellulose by simultaneous fermentation, saccharification, and pervaporation or vacuum evaporation. Bioresource Technology 218: 174-182. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.091
Hogendoom JA, van der Veen AJ, van der Stegen JHG, Kuipers JAM, and Versteeg GF. 2001. Application of the Maxwell–Stefan theory to the membrane electrolysis process Model development and simulations. Computers and Chemical Engineering 25(9-10):1251–1265. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-1354(01)00697-4
Hoof VV, Dotremont C, and Buekenhoudt A. 2006. Performance of Mitsui NaA type zeolite membranes for the dehydration of organic solvents in comparison with commercial Polymeric pervaporation membranes. Separation and Purification Technology 48(3): 304–309. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2005.06.019
Jain M, Attarde D, and Gupta SK. 2017. Removal of thiophenes from FCC gasoline by using a hollow fiber pervaporation module: Modeling, validation and influence of module dimensions and flow directions. Chemical Engineering Journal 308: 632-648. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.09.043 Jiang J, Wang L, Peng L, Cai C, Zhang C, Wang X, and Gu X. 2017.
Preparation and characterization of high performance CHA zeolite membranes from clear solution. Journal of Membrane Science 527: 51-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2017.01.005
Kazemimoghadam M, Pak A, and Mohammadi T. 2004. Dehydration of water/1-1-dimethylhydrazine mixtures by zeolite membranes. Microporous and Mesoprous Materials 70(1-3): 127-134. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2004.02.015
Krishna R and Paschek D. 2002. Verification of the Maxwell–Stefan theory for diffusion of three-component mixtures in zeolites. Chemical Engineering Journal 87(1): 1–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1385-8947(01)00187-5
Klinov AV, Akberov RR, Fazlyev AR, and Farakhov MI. 2017. Experimental investigation and modeling through using the solution-diffusion concept of pervaporation dehydration of
ethanol and isopropanol by ceramic membranes HybSi. Journal of Membrane Science 524: 321-333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2016.11.057
Kondo M and Kita H. 2010. Permeation mechanism through zeolite NaA and T-type membranes for practical dehydration of organic solvents. Journal of Membrane Science 361(1-2): 223–231. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2010.05.048
Lin L, Zhang Y, and Kong Y. 2009. Pervaporation separation of nheptane-thiophene mixtures by polyethylene glycol membranes: Modeling and experimental. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 339 (1): 152-159. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2009.07.015
Liu D, Liu G, Meng L, Dong Z, Huang K, and Jin W. 2015. Hollow fiber modules with ceramic-supported PDMS composite membranes for pervaporation recovery of bio-butanol. Separation and Purification Technology 146: 24-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2015.03.029
Liu G, Jiang Z, Cao K, Nair S, Cheng X, Zhao J, Gomaa H, Wu H, and Pan F. 2017. Pervaporation performance comparison of hybrid membranes filled with two-dimensional ZIF-L nanosheets and zero-dimensional ZIF-8 nanoparticles. Journal of Membrane Science 523: 185-196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2016.09.064
Li Q, Cheng L, Shen J, Shi J, Chen G, Zhao J, Duan J, Liu G, and Jin W. 2017. Improved ethanol recovery through mixed-matrix membrane with hydrophobic MAF-6 as filler. Separation and Purification Technology 178: 105-112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2017.01.024
Li Y, Chen H, Liu J, Li H, and Yang W. 2007. Pervaporation and vapor permeation dehydration of Fischer–Tropsch mixedalcohols by LTA zeolite membranes. Separation and Purification Technology 57(1): 140–146. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2007.03.027
Malekpour A, Millani MR, and Kheirkhah M. 2008. Synthesis and characterization of a NaA zeolite membrane and its applications for desalination of radioactive solutions. Desalination 225(1-3): 199–208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.02.096
Moulik S, Kumar KP, Bohra S, and Sridhar S. 2015. Pervaporation performance of PPO membranes in dehydration of highly hazardous MMH and UDMH liquid propellants. Journal of Hazardous Materials 288: 69-79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.02.020
Moulik S, Nazia S, Vani B, and Sridhar S. 2016. Pervaporation separation of acetic acid/water mixtures through sodium alginate/polyaniline polyion complex membrane. Separation and Purification Technology 170: 30-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2016.06.027
Narkkun T, Jenwiriyakul W, Amnuaypanich S. 2017. Dehydration performance of double-network poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite membranes (PVAs-DN). Journal of Membrane Science 528:
284-295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2016.12.069
Nour M, Kosaka H, Bady M, Sato S, and Abdel-Rahman AK. 2017. Combustion and emission characteristics of Dl diesel engine fueled by ethanol injected into the exhaust manifold. Fuel Processing Technology 164: 33-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.04.018
Pera-Titus M, Llorens J, Tejero J, and Cunill F. 2006. Description of the pervaporation dehydration performance Of A-type zeolite membranes: A modeling approach based on the Maxwell–
Stefan theory. Catalysis Today 118(1-2): 73–84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2005.12.006
Pera-Titus M, Llorens J, Tejero J, Cunill F. 2006. Description of the pervaporation dehydration performance Of A-type zeolite membranes: A modeling approach based on the Maxwell– Stefan theory. Catalysis Today 118(1-2): 73–84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2005.12.006
Qiao Z, Wu Y, Li X, and Zhou J. 2011. Molecular simulation on the separation of water-ethanol azeotropic mixture by poly(vinylalcohol) membrane. Fluid Phase Equilibria 302(1-2): 14-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2010.09.045
Qu H, Kong Y, Lv H, Zhang Y, Yang J, D. Shi D. 2010. Effect of crosslinking on sorption, diffusion and pervaporation of gasoline components in hydroxyethyl cellulose membranes. Chemical Engineering Journal 157(1): 60-66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2009.09.044
Rezakazemi M, Shahverdi M, Shirazian S, Mohammadi T, and PakA. 2011. CFD simulation of water removal from water/ethylene glycol mixtures by pervaporation. Chemical Engineering Journal 168(1):
60-67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2010.12.034
Rom A, Miltner A, Wukovits W, and Friedl A. 2016. Energy saving potential of hybrid membrane and distillation process in butanol purification: Experiments, modeling and simulation. Chemical
Engineering and Processing 104: 201-211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2016.03.012
Samei M, Iravaninia M, Mohammadi T, and Asadi AA. 2016. Solution diffusion modeling of a composite pervaporation/fumed silica ceramic supported membrane. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 109: 11-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2016.06.002
Santoro S, Galiano F, Jansen JC, and Figoli A. 2017. Strategy for scale-up of SBS pervaporation membranes for ethanol recovery from diluted aqueous solutions. Separation and Purification Technology 176: 252-261. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2016.12.018 Sato K, Sugimoto K, and Nakane T. 2008. Preparation of higher flux NaA zeolite membrane on asymmetric porous support and permeation behavior at higher temperatures up to 145°C in vapor permeation. Journal of Membrane Science 307(1): 181–195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2007.09.017
Sorenson SG, Payzant EA, Gibbons WT, Soydas B, Kita H, Noble RD, and Falconer LL. 2011. Influence of zeolite crystal expansion/contraction on NaA zeolite membrane separations.
Published
2018-06-20
How to Cite
Kazemimoghadam, M., & Rigi, Z. (2018). Synthesis, Evaluation, Modeling and Simulation of Nanopore NaA Zeolite Membranes for Application in Ethanol Separation. Journal of Applied Chemical Sciences, 5(2), 445-458. Retrieved from https://ejurnal.undana.ac.id/index.php/jacs/article/view/2005
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