Jurnal Veteriner Nusantara

Aeromonas hydrophila Infection in Bekko Koi Linked to Biosecurity Failure During Fish Introduction

Kadek Ferdy Agastia Dwi Pratama — 2026-09-02

Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic pathogen commonly associated with infections in koi fish, particularly under conditions of stress and suboptimal husbandry. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a combined antibiotic and supportive therapeutic regimen in the management of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Bekko koi. The outbreak was precipitated by the introduction of new fish without adequate quarantine and acclimatization procedures, as well as the influx of transport water contaminated with organic matter into the culture system. Treatment consisted of intramuscular administration of Oxytetracycline (80 mg/kg body weight), Dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kg body weight), and Biodin Romindo (0.1 mL/kg body weight) at two-day intervals over a 7-day period. Clinical evaluation demonstrated progressive improvement, as evidenced by a reduction in ulcerative lesions and hemorrhage, alongside restoration of scale integrity, mucus production, activity, and feeding behavior. Despite the completion of therapy, mild hemorrhage persisted in the caudal region, likely attributable to limited vascularization in the affected tissue. Overall, the therapeutic protocol proved effective in accelerating the recovery process in Bekko koi affected by Aeromonas hydrophila infection.

Optimasi Metode Ekstraksi DNA Cacing Dewasa Haemonchus contortus untuk Uji Molekuler

Ridi Arif — 2026-09-02

Haemonchosis is a gastrointestinal helminth infection caused by Haemonchus contortus. PCR-based molecular testing has high sensitivity and specificity, enabling more accurate identification of H. contortus than other diagnostic methods. However, adult H. contortus worms have a complex and strong body structure, so it is necessary to optimize various effective extraction methods to remove DNA to obtain optimal PCR results. The aim of this study was to obtain the most optimal extraction method for H. contortus adult worms for molecular identification. The adult worm sample extraction method consisted of 6 method, namely a group of male adult worms cut along 1 mm, female adult worms cut along 1 mm, male adult worms crushed, female adult worms crushed, male adult worms heated, and female adult worms heated. The results of PCR products read by electrophoresis showed the brightest DNA band in the method of adult worms cut along 1 mm with a DNA band length of 260 bp. This method is also the most efficient to do because it uses the least time and energy compared to other method.

MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE (MDR) Escherichia coli BERSUMBER FESES SEGAR KUDA CIDOMO DI PASAR AMPENAN KOTA MATARAM

Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu — 2026-09-23

Escherichia coli is a normal commensal bacterium in the gastrointestinal tract of animals; however, some strains may become pathogenic and develop antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to identify E. coli from the feces of Cidomo horses at Kebon Roek Market, Ampenan, and to determine their antibiotic resistance profile, including the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates. A total of 36 fresh fecal samples were collected purposively and cultured on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA), followed by Gram staining and biochemical tests for confirmation. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using the disk diffusion method against streptomycin, aztreonam, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, and interpreted according to CLSI (2020) guidelines. MDR isolates were further tested using the Double Disk Synergy Test (DDST) to detect Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) production. The results showed that 7 of 36 samples (19.44%) were confirmed as E. coli. High resistance levels were observed against streptomycin and aztreonam, whereas tetracycline and ciprofloxacin exhibited the highest effectiveness. Three isolates (42.85%) were classified as MDR, displaying resistance to ≥3 antibiotic classes. All MDR isolates tested negative for ESBL production using DDST. These findings indicate that Cidomo horses may act as reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in market environments. Strengthening hygiene management and promoting prudent antimicrobial use in animals are essential to reduce the risk of antimicrobial resistance transmission within the One Health framework.

PEMBERIAN TEPUNG DAUN SUNGKAI (Peronema canescens Jack) SEBAGAI FEED ADDITIVE DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP ORGAN PENCERNAAN BROILER

syintia dwi agustina — 2026-09-23

This study aims to determine the effect of providing sungkai leaf flour (Peronema canescens Jack) as a feed additive in rations on the digestive organs of broilers. The study was conducted at Jalan Amula Rahayu RT.07, Marga Rahayu Village, South Lubuklinggau II District, Lubuklinggau City. The broiler rearing was carried out for 35 days, with an altitude of 142 meters above sea level. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 6 treatments with 4 replications, resulting in 24 experimental units, each containing 4 DOCs. The treatments in this study were P0: 0% (Sungkai leaves), P1: 0.25% (Sungkai leaf flour), P2: 0.5% (Sungkai leaf flour), P3: 0.75% (Sungkai leaf flour), P4: 1% (Sungkai leaf flour), P5: 1.25% (Sungkai leaf flour). If the treatment showed a significant to very significant effect, a further DMRT test was carried out. The results of the study showed that the treatment of providing sungkai leaf flour (Peronema canescens Jack) as a feed additive in the ration on the digestive organs of broilers had no significant effect (P>0.05) on all parameters. The conclusion of this study is that the provision of sungkai leaf flour (Peronema canescens Jeck) in the ration has not been able to provide a better effect than the control on the digestive organs of broilers. The P4 treatment at the 1% sungkai leaf level tends to provide the best results with a small intestine weight value (27.02 g). Keywords: Broiler, Feed Additive, Digestive Organs, Sungkai Leaf Flour.

Uji Resistansi Pseudomonas aeruginosa terhadap Antibiotika pada Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio) di Kabupaten Kupang

Peter Febriano Kapitan — 2026-09-24

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is an important freshwater aquaculture commodity with high economic value; however, intensive farming practices increase the risk of bacterial diseases that can cause significant economic losses. One of the pathogenic bacteria frequently infecting common carp is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while excessive and uncontrolled antibiotic use may contribute to bacterial resistance. This study aimed to analyze the resistance level of P. aeruginosa isolated from common carp against several antibiotics in Kupang Regency. Samples consisted of common carp showing clinical signs of bacterial infection, including reddish spots, scale detachment, and wounds on the body surface. Bacterial isolation was performed using Pseudomonas Agar Base (PAB), followed by identification through colony morphology, Gram staining, and biochemical tests comprising Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA), Sulfide Indole Motility (SIM), and Simon’s Citrate Agar (SCA). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method with gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol, and inhibition zones were interpreted according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standards. The results confirmed the presence of P. aeruginosa in infected common carp and revealed varying levels of susceptibility to the tested antibiotics. These findings indicate the occurrence of antibiotic resistance and emphasize the importance of prudent antibiotic selection and use in common carp health management.

Laporan Kasus: Dermatofitosis pada Kambing Ras Kacang (Capra hircus)

Yohanes T.R.M.R Simarmata — 2026-10-06

Dermatophytosis is a fungal infection of keratinized tissues, including the stratum corneum of the epidermis, hair, nails, and horns. The incubation period lasts approximately one to three weeks, with recovery occurring once the host develops a cellular immune response. Clinical symptoms range from the absence of pruritus to severe itching. In sheep and goats, lesions most frequently appear on the face, neck, thorax, and back, presenting as circular alopecic areas covered with thick gray crusts. Although the mortality rate associated with dermatophytosis is relatively low, its economic impact remains significant, and the potential for zoonotic transmission to humans cannot be overlooked. Diagnostic procedures included deep skin scraping treated with KOH to rule out mite infestations and Wood’s lamp examination to detect fungal presence. Treatment for the affected goat involved causative therapy with topical Ketoconazole® applied every 12 hours (q12h), symptomatic therapy using intramuscular injections of Vetadryl® (Diphenhydramine), and supportive therapy consisting of Vitol-140® (3 ml) and Intrafer-200 B12® (1.25 ml) administered intramuscularly.

Profil Hematologi Sapi Bali Betina pada Musim Kemarau di Desa Bipolo Kabupaten Kupang

Darlene Abigail Rohi — 2026-10-12

The dry season in East Nusa Tenggara is characterized by high ambient temperatures and limited feed quality, which can potentially cause heat stress in livestock and thereby affect their hematological profiles key indicators of physiological condition and health. However, specific data on the hematological profiles of female Bali cattle during the dry season in Bipolo Village, Kupang Regency, remain limited. This study aims to determine the hematological profile of female Bali cattle as a form of evaluation of physiological adaptation to these environmental conditions. This study used a quantitative descriptive method with 15 healthy, non-pregnant female Bali cattle aged ≥2 years. Blood samples were collected via the jugular vein and analyzed using a hematology analyzer (EDAN H60 Vet) to evaluate erythrocyte, leukocyte, and platelet parameters. The results showed that the mean values for erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were generally within the normal range, although some decreases were observed in certain samples. Erythrocyte indices were mostly normal to elevated. Leukocyte parameters were generally normal, with increased neutrophil and monocyte counts and decreased leukocyte counts in a small portion of the samples. Platelet counts were mostly normal, with some decreases. It was concluded that the hematological profile of female Bali cattle during the dry season remains within normal limits but shows variations as a form of physiological adaptation to environmental stress and feed particularly

LITERATURE STUDY OF RISK FACTORS AND TREATMENT OF CRYSTALLURIA IN CATTLE

Yohanes T R M R Simarmata — 2026-10-13

Cattle are one of the contributing livestocks to human needs of animal protein. Crystalluria is urogenital disease characterized by the presence of crsytals in the urine. Crystals can chronically combine and enlarge to form urolith which can reduce productive and reproductive performance of cattle. Urine crystals consist of several types and have different structure based on the constituent substance. Crystalluria formation is also influenced by various factors. This study aimed to determine types and characteristics of crystalluria, risk factors, in vitro factors that can induce crystallization and treatment of crystalluria in cattle. This research used literature study approach. Data were collected based on its relation to the research objectives and then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that silica, struvite, calcium carbonate, and calcium oxalate are the most common types of urolith found in cattle. Crystalluria was differentiated by its morphology, solubility, and color. The incidence of crystalluria was caused by various factors, namely supersaturated urine, diet, urine pH, sex, geographic condition, urease-producing bacterias infection, drugs and crystallization inhibitors. General treatment strategies of crystalluria include provide ad libitum drinking and NaCl salt to increase water intake and urine volume, and specific strategies include dietery restriction of crystallogenic substances and adding acidifier and alkalinizer to diet to modify urine pH. Crystalluria treatment was spesifically based on the type of crystalluria found. Therefore, it was necessary to identify crystalluria to determine the treatment to be given. In vitro factors include storage time, evaporation, storage temperature, urease-producing bacteria contamination can induce crystallization, a falsely positive result

An Chronic Otitis Externa caused by Bacteria and Ectoparasite including Neoplasia Suspect in Persian Cat

Viany Ekklesia Pangaribuan — 2026-10-14

Otitis externa is inflammation in the external ear canal. Many factors can contribute to otitis disease, especially primary, predisposing, and perpetuating factors. In this case, a cat named Pipo, a Persian breed, was diagnosed with chronic otitis externa caused by bacteria (Staphylococcus sp.; Klebsiella spp.; and Escherichia coli), and ectoparasites by anamnesis, signalement, clinical examination, cytology, bacterial culture, and complete blood count. Therapy for this case is Yusimox®, Ilium Ear Drop®, and Revolution® the therapy just minimizes the clinical sign and remove the agent in 4^th day of therapy. The owner should take care of the cat's treatment, environmental and home cleanliness, and also give the medicine to the other cats in the home. Surgery being recommended in this case.

Review : Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea pada Anak Babi

Korbinianus Feribertus Rinca — 2026-10-15

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED) is a disease caused by the Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). This article aims to provide knowledge about epidemiology, virus characteristics, transmission, pathogenesis and clinical symptoms, anatomical pathology, histopathology, diagnosis, prevention, and control of PEDs. The method used was reviewing articles that have been published in non-reputable and reputable international journals in the last 15 years, which were searched using Google Scholar, Crossref, and Sciencedirect. This review shows PEDs have spread both directly and indirectly to various continents such as Europe, America, and Asia but have never been reported in Indonesia. PED disease attacks all ages of pigs, but the highest mortality rate occurs in piglets with the intestine as the predilection organ for the virus. Anatomical pathology lesions on PED show the form of thinning in the small intestine of infected animal but no bleeding is observed. In addition, the histopathological lesions were observed for intestinal inflammation or enteritis. Diagnosis of the disease can be carried out microscopically, macroscopically, molecularly, and serologically. Prevention can be achieved through the introduction of biosecurity, alternative therapies, and administration of vaccines. Based on the review results, it can be concluded that PEDs have spread to various parts of the world causing high mortality in piglets due to effacement and inflammation of the small intestine. It is hoped that the article review will provide knowledge about PEDs for pig farmers.

Laporan Kasus: Koinfeksi Newcastle Disease, Avian Influenza, dan Koksidiosis pada Ayam Pedaging dari Desa Demulih, Bangli

Rambu Raya Malicha Rajah — 2026-10-14

The open house system in broiler chicken farms increases the risk of developing co-infective diseases. Co-infection is the simultaneous infection of several infectious agents in an individual. This case report aimed to examine the combination of multiple infections of Newcastle disease (ND), avian influenza (AI), and coccidiosis in 28-day-old broiler chickens aged 28 days from Demulih Village, Susut District, Bangli Regency, Bali. The 28-day-old female chicken experienced clinical symptoms of weakness, decreased appetite, feather loss and dullness, diarrhea, and clear exudate from its mouth and beak. Diagnostic examination was carried out thoroughly through epidemiological investigation, clinical observation, anatomical pathology examination, histopathology, isolation and identification of the virus through serological tests of hemagglutination assay (HA) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI), qualitative and quantitative examination of feces examination. The results of gross pathology revealed hemorrhages in various organs, in the digestive, respiratory, and nervous systems. The proventriculus had bleeding petechiae to ecchymosis and petechiae in the ventricle. Histopathological examination revealed lesions of various organs, such as vasculitis and perivascular edema of the brain, hemorrhages and multiorgan congestion appeared as a dark red color, infiltration of lymphocytic inflammatory cells in various organs, as well as damage to the epithelium of the intestinal mucosa. Virus isolation was carried out on 9-day-old sprouted chicken eggs while virus identification by hemagglutination test (HA) and hemagglutination barrier (HI). The results of post-infection observation of embryonic chicken eggs occurred at 48 hours post-inoculation embryo death. HA test results showed a titer of HA 26 and Rapid HI test results showed positive ND and AI. The results of qualitative and quantitative examination of feces were positive for Eimeria spp. with the number of oocysts ± 720,000 oocysts/gram. It was concluded that the chicken cases were infected with Newcastle disease, avian influenza, and coccidiosis.