SPEKTRO : Sajian Penelitian Pendidikan Teknik Elektro

PENGARUH BEBAN LEBIH (OVER LOAD) TERHADAP NEW HIGH-SPEED FUSE (NH FUSE) PADA GARDU DISTRIBUSI DI PT. PLN (Persero) UNIT LAYANAN PELANGGAN (ULP) KUPANG

Adrianus Mance Lewar — 2026-07-23

This study aims to analyze the effect of overload on the performance of New High-Speed Fuse (NH Fuse) at distribution substations operated by PT PLN (Persero) Customer Service Unit (ULP) Kupang. Overload occurs when the electrical current exceeds the nominal capacity of distribution equipment, which leads to temperature rise, phase imbalance, and high neutral current. These conditions may accelerate NH fuse deterioration, cause faster fuse trips, and reduce the reliability of the distribution system. A quantitative method was employed, involving direct measurement of load currents on phases R, S, T, and N, followed by regression analysis to determine the magnitude of the overload effect on NH fuse performance. The results show that overload has a significant impact on NH fuse operation. Higher currents exceeding the fuse rating accelerate heating of the fusible element, causing the fuse to trip more quickly. Phase imbalance was also identified as a major factor contributing to high neutral current and early fuse damage. The study concludes that overload is directly proportional to the risk of HN fuse failure and tripping in distribution substations proper load balancing between phase and selecting fuse ratings that match the transformer load capacity are assential to maintain sysstem reliability within the ULP Kupang service area.

Rancang Bangun Equalizer Sederhana 5 Channel dengan Komponen Penguat IC LA360

Teoderiko Lambertus Mari — 2026-07-23

This research aims to design and build a simple 5-channel equalizer using the ICLA3600 amplifier. This research includes circuit design, calculation of input and output frequencies for each channel, and analysis of the effect of low-frequency input on low-frequency output, middle-frequency input on middle-frequency output, and high-frequency input on high-frequency output in the equalizer. The research method used is research and development (R&D), which focuses on product development and testing its effectiveness. The results show that the designed equalizer can produce input and output frequencies with different variations in each channel. There is a significant effect between low-frequency input and high-frequency output. There is a very significant effect between middle-frequency input and middle-frequency output. There is a very significant effect between high-frequency input and high-frequency output.

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Project Based Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik di SMK Negeri 3 Kupang

Tridia Renmawati L. Nope — 2026-07-23

This study aims to examine the effect of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model on students’ critical thinking skills and learning outcomes in the Basic Vocational subject for Grade X students of the Computer and Network Engineering (TJKT) program at SMK Negeri 3 Kupang. This research employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group design. The research subjects consisted of 64 students, divided into an experimental class with 33 students and a control class with 31 students.The research instruments included multiple-choice tests to measure learning outcomes, questionnaires and assessment rubrics to evaluate critical thinking skills, and observation sheets. Data were analyzed using validity and reliability tests, normality and linearity tests, N-Gain analysis, and the Independent Samples T-Test.The results showed that the implementation of the PjBL model had a significant effect on students’ critical thinking skills and learning outcomes. The average post-test score of the experimental class was 84.85, which was higher than that of the control class at 57.42, with a mean difference of 27.43 points. The N-Gain analysis indicated that the experimental class achieved an average gain score of 0.682 (moderate category), with 51.52% of students classified in the high improvement category, while the control class obtained an average N-Gain score of 0.38. Furthermore, students’ critical thinking skills in the experimental class were higher than those in the control class based on rubric assessments and observational data.Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the Project Based Learning model is effective in improving students’ critical thinking skills and learning outcomes in the Basic Vocational subject

Pengaruh Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran AIR dan Kemampuan Dasar TIK Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Perencanaan dan Pengalamatan Jaringan di SMK Negeri 4 Kupang

Aurelia Virginie Ukat — 2026-07-23

This study aims to determine: (1) the differences in learning outcomes between students taught using the AIR (Auditory Intellectually Repetition) learning model and those taught using conventional methods; (2) the differences in learning outcomes between students with high and low basic Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skills; and (3) the interaction effect between the AIR learning model and basic ICT skills on students’ learning outcomes in the subject of Network Planning and Addressing at SMK Negeri 4 Kupang. This research employed an experimental method with a pretest–posttest control group design and two-way ANOVA analysis. The sample consisted of two groups: an experimental class using the AIR model and a control class using conventional instruction. The results indicate that: (1) there is a significant difference in learning outcomes between students taught using the AIR model and those taught conventionally, with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05; (2) there is a significant difference in learning outcomes between students with high and low ICT skills, demonstrated by a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05; and (3) there is a significant interaction between the AIR learning model and ICT skill levels, with a significance value of 0.002 < 0.05. Overall, the AIR learning model effectively improves student learning outcomes, particularly among students with higher basic ICT skills. Therefore, the AIR model can be considered an effective alternative to enhance learning outcomes in the Network Planning and Addressing subject.

Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Sistem informasi Aset Laboratorium TJKT di SMK N 3 Kupang Berbasis Web

Jotry F. W. Mina Belo — 2026-07-23

The development of information technology has a significant impact on education, especially in managing infrastructure such as laboratories. This research is motivated by the manual management of assets at the Computer and Telecommunication Network (TJKT) Laboratory of SMK Negeri 3 Kupang, which poses risks of data loss, equipment damage, and lack of accountability. The purpose of this study is to design, implement, and evaluate the quality of a web-based laboratory asset information system to improve inventory management efficiency. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the Waterfall software development model, which includes requirement analysis, system design, implementation, and testing. The system was built using the PHP programming language, MySQL database, and developed using Visual Studio Code with XAMPP as a local server. The system's quality was tested using Black Box Testing with Equivalence Partitioning techniques for functionality and usability testing for users. The testing results showed that all system functions (login module, item data, incoming/outgoing items, and reports) functioned correctly with a 100% success rate in functionality. Meanwhile, the usability test results reached a score of 92.5%, placing the application in the "Excellent" category and making it suitable for facilitating laboratory asset management at SMK Negeri 3 Kupang.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Platform Quizizz Terhadap Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Subnetting Kelas XI TJKT SMK N 6 Kupang

Ignasius Devisi Magar — 2026-07-23

This study aims to analyze the effect of Quizizz-based learning media on students' motivation and learning outcomes. This research used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method and a nonequivalent control group design. The sample consisted of an experimental class using Quizizz and a control class using conventional methods. Data were collected through motivation questionnaires and learning outcome tests. The results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control classes. Students using Quizizz demonstrated higher motivation and better learning outcomes. Therefore, Quizizz is proven to be effective in improving the quality of learning.

Rancang Bangun Sistem Proteksi Over Voltage Dan Under Voltage Pada Air Conditioner Dengan Sensor ZMPT101B Dan Kontrol Berbasis Iot Dengan NodeMCU ESP8266

Ahmad Rafly Azhary — 2026-07-23

This research aims to design and build an overvoltage and undervoltage protection system for an air conditioner (AC) using the ZMPT101B sensor and the NodeMCU ESP8266 based on the Internet of Things (IoT). This system functions to detect electrical voltage conditions in real time and automatically cut off the power supply when an abnormal voltage occurs, as well as enabling remote monitoring and control through an IoT application. The method used is the Research and Development (R&D) method through the following stages: potential and problems, information gathering, product design, design validation, design revision, and product testing. The results of the study indicate that: (1.) Stages in designing an overvoltage and undervoltage protection system for an air conditioner using the ZMPT101B sensor and IoT-based control with the NodeMCU ESP8266. (2.) Based on the research results, the average output voltage of the ZMPT101B sensor is 208.47 V. (3.) Based on the research results, the average output voltage of the Multimeter is 208.63 V. (4.) Based on the research results, there is a difference between the output value of the ZMPT101B sensor and the Multimeter with an average difference of 0.16 V. (5.) Based on the research results, the average delay time of the ZMPT101B sensor is 0.029 s. (6.) Based on the research results, the average delay time of the Stopwatch is 0.052 s. (7.) Based on the research results, there is a difference between the delay time of the ZMPT101B sensor and the Stopwatch with an average difference of 0.023 s