Tinjauan: Implikasi Parasit Cacing pada Komposisi Tubuh Ternak Ruminansia
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Frans Umbu Datta(1*)
Program Studi Kedokteran Hewan, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang
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Nancy Foeh(2)
Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Nusa Cendana
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Nemay Ndaong(3)
Program Studi Kedokteran Hewan, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang
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Annytha Detha(4)
Program Studi Kedokteran Hewan, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang
(*) Corresponding Author
Keywords:
body composition, meat quality, parasites
Abstract
The effects of gastrointestinal parasties on feed intake and growth is well-established. The emphasis here is on raising awareness that parasites do have effects on body compositon and meat quality atrributes. Body composition refers to the acceptable balance of lean to fat ratio when animals were parasitised or when they were free of parasites. Rejection of carcases due to parasitism is also covered. It was concluded that parasitic infections at subclinical level lead to reduced quantity and impaired quality of meat indirectly by in protein and energy intake as well as through altering and diverting of protein availability for both body maintenance in the forms of establishing resilience to infection as well as repairing of tissues damaged by parasites at sites of predilection. Ineficiency in meat production and alterations to body composition due to nematode parasitism is very much associated with alterations in nutrient absorption and utilisation.
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References
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Cei W, Alexandre G, Archide H ,Bambou JC,and Salah N. 2018. Impact of energy and Protein on the gastro-intestinal parasitism of small ruminants: A meta-analysis. J Livestock Science, 212(1) : 34–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2018.03.015
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Coop RL, and Kyriazakis, I. 2001. Influence of host nutrition on the development and consequences of nematode parasitism in ruminants. J Trends in Parasitology, 17(7): 325–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1471-4922(01)01900-6
Cornet S, Bichet C, Larcombe S, Faivre B and Sorci G. 2014. Impact of host nutritional status on infection dynamics and parasite virulence in a bird-malaria system. Journal of Animal Ecology. 83(1): 256–265. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12113
Corwin RM. 1997. Economics of gastrointestinal parasitism of cattle. Veterinary Parasitology, 72(3–4): 451–457 and 457-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4017(97)00110-6
Cox FE. 2001. Concomitant infections, parasites and immune responses. Parasitology, 122 Suppl, 23-38. https://doi.org/10.1017/s003118200001698x
Datta FU, Nolan JV, Rowe JB and Gray GD. 1998. Protein supplementation improves the performance of parasitised sheep fed a straw-based diet. International Journal for Parasitology. 28(8): 1269–1278. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(98)00104-0
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Fox MT. 1993. Pathophysiology of infection with Ostertagia ostertagi in cattle. J Vet. Parasitology. 46(1–4): 143–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(93)90055-r
Gasbarre LC. (1997a). Effects of gastrointestinal nematode infection on the ruminant immune system. Vet. Parasitology. 72(3–4): 327–337 and 337-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4017(97)00104-0
Hogberg N, Arvidsson, Hessle A, Lidfors L, Segerkvist K, Herlin A and Hoglund J. 2019. Effects of nematode parasitism on activity patterns in first-season grazing cattle. Vet. Parasitology. 276 (1) : 100-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vpoa.2019.10001
Khaniki JGR, Kia EB and Raei M. 2013. Liver condemnation and economic losses due to parasitic infections in slaughtered animals in Iran. Journal of Parasitic Diseases: Official Organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology. 37(2) : 240–244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639
-012-0172-6
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Knox M and Steel J. 1996b. Nutritional enhancement of parasite control in small ruminant production systems in developing countries of south-east Asia and the Pacific. Inter. J. for Parasitology. 26(8): 963–970. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7519(96)80072-5
Kyriazakis I, Tolkamp BJ and Hutchings MR. 1998. Towards a functional explanation for the occurrence of anorexia during parasitic infections. J Animal Behaviour. 56(2): 265–274. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1998.0761
Lopez LY, Gonzalez GR, Cruz TAA, Arece GJ, Huerta BM, Ramirez VR, Torres HG, and Lopez AME. 2022. Protein Supplementation as a Nutritional Strategy to Reduce Gastrointestinal Nematodiasis in Periparturient and Lactating Pelibuey Ewes in a Tropical Environment. Pathogens. 11(8): 941-942. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11080941
Parkins JJ and Holmes PH. 1989. Effects of Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasites on Ruminant Nutrition. Nutrition Research Reviews, 2(1): 227–246. https://doi.org/10.1079/NRR19890016
Pathak A. Nutritional Bases to Control Gastrointestinal Parasites of Livestock.
Poppi DP, MacRae JC, Brewer AC, Dewey PJS, and Walker A. 1985. Calcium and phosphorus absorption in lambs exposed to Trichostrongylus colubriformis. J. of Comparative Pathology. 95(3): 453–464. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9975(85)90050-7
Rauw W. 2012. Immune response from a resource allocation perspective. Frontiers in Genetics, 3. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2012.00267
Roeber F, Gasser RB and Jex AR. 2013. Impact of gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes of sheep, and the role of advanced molecular tools for exploring epidemiology and drug resistance—An Australian perspective. Parasites and Vectors, 6(1): 153. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-6-153
Shea DT, Qin B and Smith A. 2017. Parasites, nutrition, immune responses, and biology of metabolic tissues. Parasite Immunology. 39(5):101-111/pim.12422. https://doi.org/10.1111/pim.12
422
Supali T, Verweij JJ, Wiria AE, Djuardi Y, Hamid F, Kaisar MMM, Wammes LJ, Van LL, Luty AJF, Sartono E and Yazdanbakhsh M. 2010. Polyparasitism and its impact on the immune system. International Journal for Parasitology. 40(10): 1171–1176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.05.003
Sykes AR. 1994. Parasitism and production in farm animals. Animal Science. 59(2): 155–172. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003356100007649
Tachack EB, Benavides YH, Oviedo ST, Pastrana MO, Perez CLC, Pinto CR and Garay OV . 2022. Status of gastrointestinal nematode infections and associated epidemiological factors in sheep from Córdoba, Colombia. J Trop. Anim. Health and Production, 54(3): 171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-022-03170-2.
Tafere A., Terefe, G., Mamo, G., Kaba, T., & Shiferaw, J. (2022). A Comparative Study on Pathological Changes in the Small Intestine of Sheep and Goat Experimentally Infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Veterinary Medicine : Research and Reports, 13, 213–233. https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S365549
Van HMF, Barger IA, Emery DL, Steel JW and Windon RG. 1995. Effects of dietary protein intake on responses of young sheep to infection with Trichostrongylus colubriformis. J Vet. Parasitology, 56(1–3): 163–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(94)00668-3
Van HMF and Sykes AR. 1996. Implications of nutrition for the ability of ruminants to withstand gastrointestinal nematode infections. Intern. J. for Parasitology, 26(11): 1151–1167. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(96)00120-8.
Atiba EM, Zewei S and Qingzhen Z. 2020. Influence of metabolizable protein and minerals supplementation on detrimental effects of endoparasitic nematodes infection in small ruminants. J Tropical Animal Health and Production. 52(5) : 2213–2219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02275-w
Arquet R, Alexandre G, Bambou JC, Bocage B, Cei W, Calif V, and MandonnetN. 2021. Mixed Grazing and Dietary Supplementation Improve the Response to Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasitism and Production Performances of Goats. J Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.628686
Budischak SA, Cressler CE, Caudron Q, Garnier R, Graham AL, Hansen CB, Kartzinel TR, Pelczer I andvan Leeuwen, A. 2018. Feeding Immunity: Physiological and Behavioral Responses to Infection and Resource Limitation. J Frontiers in Immunology. 8 (1) : 1914-1917. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01914
Campbell BJ, Fluharty FL, Marsh AE, McCutcheon JS, Parker EM and Parker AJ .2021. The Effects of Protein Supplementation and Pasture Maintenance on the growth, parasite burden, and economic Return of pasture-raised lambs. J Translational Animal Science. 5(3): 113-114. https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txab113
Calder PC, Childs CE, and Miles EA. 2019. Diet and Immune Function. J Nutrients, 11(8): 1933-1934. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11081933
Cei W, Alexandre G, Archide H ,Bambou JC,and Salah N. 2018. Impact of energy and Protein on the gastro-intestinal parasitism of small ruminants: A meta-analysis. J Livestock Science, 212(1) : 34–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2018.03.015
Coop RL, and Holmes PH. 1996. Nutrition and parasite interaction. International Journal for Parasitology. 26(8–9): 951–962. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(96)80070-1
Coop RL, and Kyriazakis, I. 2001. Influence of host nutrition on the development and consequences of nematode parasitism in ruminants. J Trends in Parasitology, 17(7): 325–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1471-4922(01)01900-6
Cornet S, Bichet C, Larcombe S, Faivre B and Sorci G. 2014. Impact of host nutritional status on infection dynamics and parasite virulence in a bird-malaria system. Journal of Animal Ecology. 83(1): 256–265. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12113
Corwin RM. 1997. Economics of gastrointestinal parasitism of cattle. Veterinary Parasitology, 72(3–4): 451–457 and 457-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4017(97)00110-6
Cox FE. 2001. Concomitant infections, parasites and immune responses. Parasitology, 122 Suppl, 23-38. https://doi.org/10.1017/s003118200001698x
Datta FU, Nolan JV, Rowe JB and Gray GD. 1998. Protein supplementation improves the performance of parasitised sheep fed a straw-based diet. International Journal for Parasitology. 28(8): 1269–1278. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(98)00104-0
Datta FU, Nolan JV, Gray GD, Rowe JB, and Crook, B. J. 1999. Long-term effects of short-term provision of protein-enriched diets on resistance to nematode infection, and live-weight gain and wool growth in sheep. Inter. J. for Parasitology. 29(3): 479–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(98)00209-4
Fox MT. 1993. Pathophysiology of infection with Ostertagia ostertagi in cattle. J Vet. Parasitology. 46(1–4): 143–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(93)90055-r
Gasbarre LC. (1997a). Effects of gastrointestinal nematode infection on the ruminant immune system. Vet. Parasitology. 72(3–4): 327–337 and 337-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4017(97)00104-0
Hogberg N, Arvidsson, Hessle A, Lidfors L, Segerkvist K, Herlin A and Hoglund J. 2019. Effects of nematode parasitism on activity patterns in first-season grazing cattle. Vet. Parasitology. 276 (1) : 100-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vpoa.2019.10001
Khaniki JGR, Kia EB and Raei M. 2013. Liver condemnation and economic losses due to parasitic infections in slaughtered animals in Iran. Journal of Parasitic Diseases: Official Organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology. 37(2) : 240–244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639
-012-0172-6
Knox M and SteelnJ. 1996a. Nutritional enhancement of parasite control in small ruminant production systems in developing countries of South-East Asia and the Pacific. Inter. J. for Parasitology. 26(8–9): 963–970. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(96)80072-5
Knox M and Steel J. 1996b. Nutritional enhancement of parasite control in small ruminant production systems in developing countries of south-east Asia and the Pacific. Inter. J. for Parasitology. 26(8): 963–970. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7519(96)80072-5
Kyriazakis I, Tolkamp BJ and Hutchings MR. 1998. Towards a functional explanation for the occurrence of anorexia during parasitic infections. J Animal Behaviour. 56(2): 265–274. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1998.0761
Lopez LY, Gonzalez GR, Cruz TAA, Arece GJ, Huerta BM, Ramirez VR, Torres HG, and Lopez AME. 2022. Protein Supplementation as a Nutritional Strategy to Reduce Gastrointestinal Nematodiasis in Periparturient and Lactating Pelibuey Ewes in a Tropical Environment. Pathogens. 11(8): 941-942. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11080941
Parkins JJ and Holmes PH. 1989. Effects of Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasites on Ruminant Nutrition. Nutrition Research Reviews, 2(1): 227–246. https://doi.org/10.1079/NRR19890016
Pathak A. Nutritional Bases to Control Gastrointestinal Parasites of Livestock.
Poppi DP, MacRae JC, Brewer AC, Dewey PJS, and Walker A. 1985. Calcium and phosphorus absorption in lambs exposed to Trichostrongylus colubriformis. J. of Comparative Pathology. 95(3): 453–464. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9975(85)90050-7
Rauw W. 2012. Immune response from a resource allocation perspective. Frontiers in Genetics, 3. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2012.00267
Roeber F, Gasser RB and Jex AR. 2013. Impact of gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes of sheep, and the role of advanced molecular tools for exploring epidemiology and drug resistance—An Australian perspective. Parasites and Vectors, 6(1): 153. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-6-153
Shea DT, Qin B and Smith A. 2017. Parasites, nutrition, immune responses, and biology of metabolic tissues. Parasite Immunology. 39(5):101-111/pim.12422. https://doi.org/10.1111/pim.12
422
Supali T, Verweij JJ, Wiria AE, Djuardi Y, Hamid F, Kaisar MMM, Wammes LJ, Van LL, Luty AJF, Sartono E and Yazdanbakhsh M. 2010. Polyparasitism and its impact on the immune system. International Journal for Parasitology. 40(10): 1171–1176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.05.003
Sykes AR. 1994. Parasitism and production in farm animals. Animal Science. 59(2): 155–172. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003356100007649
Tachack EB, Benavides YH, Oviedo ST, Pastrana MO, Perez CLC, Pinto CR and Garay OV . 2022. Status of gastrointestinal nematode infections and associated epidemiological factors in sheep from Córdoba, Colombia. J Trop. Anim. Health and Production, 54(3): 171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-022-03170-2.
Tafere A., Terefe, G., Mamo, G., Kaba, T., & Shiferaw, J. (2022). A Comparative Study on Pathological Changes in the Small Intestine of Sheep and Goat Experimentally Infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Veterinary Medicine : Research and Reports, 13, 213–233. https://doi.org/10.2147/VMRR.S365549
Van HMF, Barger IA, Emery DL, Steel JW and Windon RG. 1995. Effects of dietary protein intake on responses of young sheep to infection with Trichostrongylus colubriformis. J Vet. Parasitology, 56(1–3): 163–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(94)00668-3
Van HMF and Sykes AR. 1996. Implications of nutrition for the ability of ruminants to withstand gastrointestinal nematode infections. Intern. J. for Parasitology, 26(11): 1151–1167. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(96)00120-8.
Published
2023-06-20
How to Cite
Datta, F., Foeh, N., Ndaong, N., & Detha, A. (2023). Tinjauan: Implikasi Parasit Cacing pada Komposisi Tubuh Ternak Ruminansia. JURNAL KAJIAN VETERINER, 11(1), 73-85. https://doi.org/10.35508/jkv.v11i1.10406
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