Epidemiologi dan Dampak Ekonomi Wabah African Swine Fever di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur
Epidemiology and Economic Impact of African Swine Fever outbreak in East Nusa Tenggara Province
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Ewaldus Wera(1*)
Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang
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Petrus Malo Bulu(2)
1Kupang State Agricultural Polytechnic (Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang), Kupang, West Timor, Indonesia
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Const Joel Misery Tukan(3)
Australia-Indonesia Partnership for Promoting Rural Incomes through Support for Markets in Agriculture (PRISMA), Surabaya, Indonesia
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Jacob Nehemia Medah(4)
Australia-Indonesia Partnership for Promoting Rural Incomes through Support for Markets in Agriculture (PRISMA), Surabaya, Indonesia
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Claudya Anastasia Dhaja(5)
Australia-Indonesia Partnership for Promoting Rural Incomes through Support for Markets in Agriculture (PRISMA), Surabaya, Indonesia
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Endah Budiati Sagala(6)
Australia-Indonesia Partnership for Promoting Rural Incomes through Support for Markets in Agriculture (PRISMA), Surabaya, Indonesia
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Setijanti Purwengtyas(7)
Australia-Indonesia Partnership for Promoting Rural Incomes through Support for Markets in Agriculture (PRISMA), Surabaya, Indonesia
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Bayu Irawan(8)
Australia-Indonesia Partnership for Promoting Rural Incomes through Support for Markets in Agriculture (PRISMA), Surabaya, Indonesia
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David Alvin Christopher(9)
Australia-Indonesia Partnership for Promoting Rural Incomes through Support for Markets in Agriculture (PRISMA), Surabaya, Indonesia
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Renardi Winata(10)
Australia-Indonesia Partnership for Promoting Rural Incomes through Support for Markets in Agriculture (PRISMA), Surabaya, Indonesia
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Melky Angsar(11)
3Animal Health & Veterinary Services, Provincial Department of Livestock, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Kupang, West Timor, Indonesia
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Zulkifli Tabali(12)
3Animal Health & Veterinary Services, Provincial Department of Livestock, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Kupang, West Timor, Indonesia
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Siviardus Marjaya(13)
Program Studi Pengelolaan Agribisnis Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang, Kupang
(*) Corresponding Author
Keywords:
ASF, Economic losses, East Nusa Tenggara, Epidemiology
Abstract
This study evaluated the epidemiology and economic impact of African Swine Fever (ASF) at the household farmer (HF) level in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) Province, Indonesia. The economic and epidemiological data were obtained from interview with 97 farmers across seven districts. The prevalence of ASF at farmer level was calculated based on the number of HF experienced ASF outbreak in certain year divided by total HF interviewed. The total economic losses due to ASF outbreak were calculated based on the economic value of pig, cleaning and disinfection of stalls, stall depreciation, leftover feed, and reduced value of pigs. Approximately 90% of the respondents reported pig mortalities associated with ASF during the initial outbreaks in 2020-2021. The total economic losses due to ASF outbreak were estimated to be IDR 1,4 billion, averaging IDR 14,5 (percentile 5th;95th: 5,1;27,8) million per household farmer per year, with losses dominated by pig mortality (92%). Losses varied by districts, with the highest in East Sumba (17,9 million per HF) and the lowest in Rote Ndao (11,5 million per HF). These findings demonstrate that ASF outbreak is financially loss for smallholder pig farmers and can significantly reduced their income. Optimizing biosecurity implementation at household farm level could be financially beneficial for smallholder pig farmers and can significantly mitigate ASF-related economic losses in NTT.
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References
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Alarcón LV, Allepuz A, Mateu E. (2021). Biosecurity in pig farms: a review. Porc. Health Manag. 7(5). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-020-00181-z
Aprillia WI, Purwanta P, Isty GMN. (2023). Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Peternak Babi terhadap Penyakit African Swine Fever (ASF) di Manokwari Barat. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pembangunan dan Pendidikan Vokasi Pertanian 4(1): 80-91.
Astuti MH, Sandriya A, Sriwulan P. (2023). Analisis Penerapan Biosekuriti Peternakan Babi Terhadap Virus African Swine Fever di Kota Palangka Raya. Jurnal Veteriner 24(2). https://doi.org/10.19087/jveteriner.2023.24.2.172
Ata EB, Li ZJ, Shi CW, Yang GL, Yang WT, Wang CF. (2022). African swine fever virus: A raised global upsurge and a continuous threaten to pig husbandry. Microb. Pathog. 167, 105561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105561
BPS. (2025). Populasi Babi menurut Provinsi. https://www.bps.go.id/assets/statistics-table/2/NDc0IzI=/populasi-babi-menurut-provinsi.html
Fasina FO, Agbaje M, Ajani FL, Talabi OA, Lazarus DD, Gallardo C, Thompson PN, Bastos AD. (2012). Risk factors for farm-level African swine fever infection in major pig-producing areas in Nigeria, 1997-2011. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 107(1-2):65-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.05.011
Gaudreault NN, Madden DW, Wilson WC, Trujillo JD, Richt JA. (2020). African swine fever virus: an emerging DNA arbovirus. Frontiers in veterinary science 7:215. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00215
Guinat C, Vergne T, Jurado‐Diaz C, Sánchez‐Vizcaíno JM, Dixon L, Pfeiffer DU. (2017). Effectiveness and practicality of control strategies for African swine fever: what do we really know? Vet. Rec. 180, 97–97. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.103992
Johns C, Cargill C, Patrick I, Geong M, Ly J, Shearer D. (2010). Budidaya Ternak Babi Komersial oleh Peternak Kecil di NTT – Peluang untuk Integrasi Pasar yang Lebih Baik. Laporan Penelitian SADI-ACIAR. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, Australia. Diakses 08 Agustus 2025: https://www.aciar.gov.au/sites/default/files/2021-08/final-report-SMAR-2007-195- bahasa.pdf
Kivumbi CC, Yona C, Hakizimana JN, Misinzo G. (2021). An assessment of the epidemiology and socioeconomic impact of the 2019 African swine fever outbreak in Ngara district, western Tanzania. Veterinary and Animal Science 14: 100198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vas.2021.100198
Leslie EE, Geong M, Abdurrahman M, Ward MP, Toribio JAL. (2015). A description of smallholder pig production systems in eastern Indonesia. Preventive veterinary medicine 118(4):319-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.12.006
Li Z, Chen W, Qiu Z, Li Y, Fan J, Wu K, Chen J. (2022). African swine fever virus: a review. Life, 12(8), 1255. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12081255
Mason-D’Croz D, Bogard JR, Herrero M, Robinson S, Sulser TB, Wiebe K, Willenbockel D, Godfray HCJ. (2020). Modelling the global economic consequences of a major African swine fever outbreak in China. Nature Food 1, 221–228. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-0057-2
Maxfmwaingapu. (2022). Demam Babi Afrika Rugikan 80 Persen Peternak di Sumba Barat, Pemerintah Provinsi NTT dan PRISMA Gencarkan Kampanye ASF. https://maxfmwaingapu.com/2022/09/demam-babi-afrika-rugikan-80persen-peternak-di-sumba-barat-pemerintah-provinsi-ntt-dan-prisma-gencarkan-kampanye-asf/
Ohouko OFH, Koudouvo K, Dougnon TJ, Agbonon A, Karim IYA, Farougou S, Gbeassor M. (2020). African swine fever in Benin and prevalence of the disease in Southern Benin: A retrospective study (2014–2018). J Adv Vet Anim Res 7(3):464–470. http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2020.g442
Sanam MUE, Gelolodo MA, Toha LRW. (2022). Analisis Nukleotida dan Homologi Sekuens Fragmen Gene p72 (B646L) Virus African Swine Fever Virus (ASF) Asal Kota Kupang. Jurnal KajianVeteriner 10(2): 165-175. https://doi.org/10.35508/jkv.v10i2.7875
Wen X, He X, Zhang X, Zhang X, Liu L, Guan Y, Bu Z. (2019). Genome sequences derived from pig and dried blood pig feed samples provide important insights into the transmission of African swine fever virus in China in 2018. Emerging Microbes & Infections 8(1), 303-306. https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2019.1565915
Wunda AB, Keban A, Nalle AA. (2014). Kontribusi Usaha Ternak Babi Terhadap Pendapatan Rumahtangga Peternak Di Kecamatan Wewewa Barat Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya. Jurnal Nukleus Peternakan 1(2): 100 – 107. https://doi.org/10.35508/nukleus.v1i2.741
Zhao D, Liu R, Zhang X, Li F, Wang J, Zhang J, Bu Z. (2019). Replication and virulence in pigs of the first African swine fever virus isolated in China. Emerging microbes & infections 8(1): 438-447. https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2019.1590128
Published
2025-12-08
How to Cite
Wera, E., Bulu, P., Tukan, C., Medah, J., Dhaja, C., Sagala, E., Purwengtyas, S., Irawan, B., Christopher, D., Winata, R., Angsar, M., Tabali, Z., & Marjaya, S. (2025). Epidemiologi dan Dampak Ekonomi Wabah African Swine Fever di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. JURNAL KAJIAN VETERINER, 13(2), 223-233. https://doi.org/10.35508/jkv.v13i2.24361
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Articles
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