Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Permintaan Daging Sapi di RPH Sapi Kota Soe Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan

Analysis of Factors Affecting the Demand for Beef at the Cattle Slaughterhouse in Soe City, South Central Timor Regency

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing beef demand at the Soe City Abattoir (RPH), South
Central Timor Regency. Data were collected from 100 beef consumers at the Soe City Abattoir during
April–May 2025 using accidental sampling. Multiple linear regression analysis with a Cobb-Douglas
functional form was employed. The variables examined included consumer income, beef price, pork
price, chicken price, fish price, egg price, tofu-tempeh price, and household size. The results showed
that, simultaneously, all independent variables significantly affected beef demand (F-test, P < 0.05).
However, partial analysis (t-test) revealed that only consumer income, pork price, and chicken price
had a statistically significant effect on beef demand (P < 0.01). Consumer income exerted a positive
influence, while pork and chicken prices showed negative effects, indicating substitution behavior
among animal protein sources. The coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.793, meaning that 79.3% of
the variation in beef demand could be explained by the variables included in the model. These findings
suggest that beef demand in Soe City is primarily driven by household purchasing power and the relative
prices of substitute protein commodities. Therefore, policies aimed at stabilizing the prices of substitute
goods and improving consumer income are essential to sustain and enhance beef demand in the region.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi permintaan daging sapi di Rumah Potong Hewan (RPH) Sapi Kota Soe, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April–Mei 2025 dengan mengambil 100 responden konsumen daging sapi di RPH Kota Soe menggunakan metode accidental sampling. Data dianalisis dengan pendekatan regresi linear berganda melalui fungsi Cobb-Douglas. Variabel yang diteliti meliputi pendapatan konsumen, harga daging sapi, harga daging babi, harga daging ayam, harga ikan, harga telur, harga tahu tempe, dan jumlah anggota keluarga. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan, ketujuh variabel bebas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap permintaan daging sapi (uji F, P < 0,05). Namun, secara parsial hanya pendapatan konsumen, harga daging babi, dan harga daging ayam yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap permintaan daging sapi (uji t, P < 0,01). Pendapatan konsumen berpengaruh positif, sedangkan harga daging babi dan ayam berpengaruh negatif, mengindikasikan sifat substitusi antar komoditas protein hewani. Koefisien determinasi (R²) sebesar 0,793 menunjukkan bahwa 79,3% variasi permintaan daging sapi dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel-variabel dalam model. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa daya beli masyarakat dan biaya barang alternatif memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap permintaan daging sapi di kota Soe.  Oleh karena itu, strategi untuk mengembangkan industri peternakan sapi di daerah ini harus mempertimbangkan inisiatif untuk menstabilkan harga komoditas pangan dan meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat.