Analisa Hidrolis Sistem Irigasi Pertanian
Indonesian
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Jonri Lomi Ga(1*)
Politeknik Negeri Kupang
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Alexius Leonardo Johanis(2)
Politeknik Negeri Kupang
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Jody Alfred Zacharias(3)
Universitas Nusa Cendana
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Sulche Ifone Nafi(4)
Politeknik Negeri Kupang
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Ferdinand Nikson Liem(5)
Politeknik Negeri Kupang
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Almido Haryanto Ginting(6)
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja sistem irigasi pertanian berdasarkan parameter hidrolis seperti debit, tekanan, kecepatan aliran, dan kehilangan energi (head loss) pada jaringan distribusi air. Analisis dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat efisiensi distribusi air dan keseragaman tekanan antar node dalam sistem irigasi. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan simulasi hidrolis dengan perangkat lunak EPANET 2.2 yang memodelkan jaringan pipa irigasi tetes dan sprinkler di lahan pertanian seluas 800 m². Parameter utama yang dianalisis meliputi tekanan rata-rata, debit minimum–maksimum, dan jumlah node tanpa aliran untuk setiap area simulasi. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa distribusi tekanan dan debit sangat dipengaruhi oleh konfigurasi jaringan pipa, panjang saluran, serta diameter pipa cabang. Area dengan tekanan homogen (8–10 mH₂O) memiliki kinerja distribusi air paling stabil dan efisien, sedangkan area dengan panjang pipa lebih besar mengalami penurunan tekanan hingga 5–7 mH₂O di bagian hilir. Kehilangan energi akibat rugi gesek dan rugi minor menjadi faktor dominan yang menurunkan efisiensi sistem. Penyesuaian diameter pipa, penerapan sistem zonasi, dan penggunaan pressure regulator valve (PRV) dapat meningkatkan keseragaman tekanan, efisiensi energi pompa, dan efektivitas distribusi air secara keseluruhan.
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