Efek ekstrak etanol daun mimba (Azadirachta indica) terhadap kadar serum glutamat piruvate transminase (sgpt) dan gambaran histopatologi hepar pada mencit (Mus musculus) model hepatotoksik
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Norbaldus J. Hayong(1)
Universitas Nusa Cendana
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Meity M. Laut(2)
Universitas Nusa Cendana
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Putri Pandarangga(3)
Universitas Nusa Cendana
(*) Corresponding Author
Keywords:
Neem, Azadirachta indica, SGPT
Abstract
Azadirachta indica (neem), a plant used as traditional remedies, has been reported as hepatoprotector agent against liver damage of drugs abused. The present study aimed to investigate hepatoprotective activity ofethanolic extract of neem leaves on serum levels of glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and histopathological studies of liver in rat’s model of aspirin-induced hepatotoxicity. Two to three months old male rats weighing between 20-30 g were used in this study. These rats were divided into 5 groups with three animals in each group. The experimental design were as follows: K1 is a negative control group and was treated with standard diet; K2 is a positive control group and was administered aspirin toxic dose (0.52 mg/30 g B.W., PO); P1 was treated with ethanolic extract of neem leaves (EEDM) dose I (0,7 mg/30 g B.W., PO) and aspirin toxic dose (0.52 mg/30 g B.W., PO); P2 was treated EEDM dose II (0,9 mg/30 g B.W., PO) and aspirin toxic dose (0.52 mg/30 g B.W., PO); and P3 was also treated with EEDM dose III (1.35 mg/30 g B.W., PO) and aspirin toxic dose (0.52 mg/30 g B.W., PO). The EEDM were administered to rats for 14 days, while aspirin toxic dose were given for the last three days (day 12, 13, and 14) during experiment. The serum levels were measured before treatment and on the last day (day 14). The results showed that the measurement of SGPT levels may not be a criterion, but the degree of liver damage can be seen in the histopathology. Histopathological observation of liver tissues of P1 and P2 shows minimal hepatocytes necrosis compare to other groups. In conclusion, EEDM dose I and II may have hepatoprotective activity against aspirin intoxication.
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References
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Dewoto, H. R. 2007. Pengembangan Obat Tradisional IndonesiaMenjadi Fitofarmaka. Departemen Farmakologi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta. Vol 57, No. 5.
Drabu, S., Khatri, S. and Babu, S. 2012, Neem: Healer of All Ailments. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 3: 120-126.
Fawcett, D.W. 2002, buku ajar histologi. Jakarta, cit. Amalina, N. 2009,’Uji toksisitas aktif ekstrak valeria (Valeriana officinalis) terhadap hepar mencit BALB/C’, Skripsi. Fakultas Kedokteran. Universitas Diponegoro. Semarang.
Guyton, A. C and Jhon E. H 2007. Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran. Edisi 11. Alih bahasa: LMA. Ken Ariata Tengadi. Judul asli: “Textbook of Medical Physiology” Jakarta: EGC.
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Lim, S.N., Cheung, P.C.K., Ooi, V.E.C., and Ang, P.O. 2002, Evaluation of Antioxidative Activity of Extracts from a Brown Seaweed, Sargassum siliquastrum, J.Agric Food Chem., 50 (13): 3862-6.
Lu, F.C. 1995. Toksikologi Dasar; Asas, Organ Sasaran, dan Penilaian Resiko. Edisi ke-2. Penerbit Universitas Indonesia. UI Press. Jakarta. Cit. Wicaksono, H, S, 2015. Struktur hati mencit (mus musculus l.) Setelah pemberian ekstrak daun kaliandra merah (calliandra calothyrsus meissn). Bali. Skripsi.
Makita T, Hakoi K. Proliferation and alteration of hepatic peroxisomes and reduction of ATPase activity on their limiting membrane after oral administration of acetylsaliatic acid (aspirin) for four weeks to male rats. Journal: Ann N Y Acad Sci 748:640-4, 1995. Cit Irvanda R, 2007. Pengaruh Pemberian Aspirin Berbagai Dosis Per Oral Terhadap Gambaran Histopatologi Hepar Tikus Wistar. Semarang. Skripsi.
Mangkoewidjojo S. dan Smith J. B. 1988.Pemeliharaan, Pembiakan Dan Penggunaan Hewan Percobaan di Daerah Tropis.Jakarta : UI press. Hal :10- 18. Cit. Erdiana, A. N. 2009. Pengaruh ekstrak pegagan (Centella Asiatica) terhadap kadar sgpt mencit (mus musculus) yang diinduksi parasetamol. Surakarta. Skripsi
Mescher, A.L. 2013, Junqueira’s Basic Histology Text and Atlas. McGraw-Hill Education. Bloomington, Indiana.Mustamu, H.L., Evacuaciany, E. dan Liana, L.K. 2016, The Ethanol Extract of Neem Leaf (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss) Effect towards Wound Healing in Male Swiss Webster Mice. Journal of Medicine and Health. 1 (3): 241-251.
Pamudji G. 2003. Petunjuk Praktikum Farmakologi. Surakarta : Bagian Farmakologi Universitas Setia Budi. Hal : 1-6. Cit. Haki, M., 2009. Efek ekstrak daun talok (muntingia calabura l.) Terhadap Aktivitas enzim sgpt pada mencit yang diinduksi karbon Tetraklorida. Surakarta. Skripsi.
Paulsen F. D. 2000. Histology and Cell Biology.Lange Medical Book. Cit. Oktiari, Y. 2013, ‘Pengaruh Ekstrak Biji Kakao (Theobroma cacao) TerhadapHepatotoksisitas Parasetamol Pada Mencit (Mus musculus)’, Skripsi. Fakultas Kedokteran. Universitas Sebelas Maret. Surakarta.
Podolsky dan Isselbacher, 2002. Tes Diagnostik pada Penyakit Hati. Dalam: Harisson Prinsip- Prinsip Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. Edisi 13.Volume 4. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC. Hal: 1623-1624. Cit. Haki, M., 2009. Efek ekstrak daun talok (muntingia calabura l.) Terhadap Aktivitas enzim sgpt pada mencit yang diinduksi karbon Tetraklorida. Surakarta. Skripsi.
Romzah, V. 2005.Pengaruh fasa air daun (Genarussa vulgaris, Nees) tehadap perubahan histopatologi hati, ginjal dan usus halus mencit jantan.SkripsiFakultas Farmasi. Surabaya: Universitas Airlangga.
Schmutterer, H 1995. The Neem Tree: Source of Unique Natural Products for IntegratedPest Management, Medicine, Industry and Other Purposes, VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 1-696.
Setiawati, M., Murtiningshi, R., Gunaeni, N., Dan Rubiati, T. 2008, Tumbuhan Pestisida Nabati. Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayur, Bandung. Indonesia.
Sherwood, Lauralee. 2001. Fisiologi Manusia: dari sel ke sistem. Edisi 2. Alih bahasa: Brahm. Judul asli: “Human Physiology: from Cells to Systems” Jakarta: EGC.
Somsak, V., Chachiyo, S., Jaihan, U. and Nakinchat, S. 2015, Protective Effect of Aqueous Crude Extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaves on Plasmodium berghei-Induced Renal Damage in Mice. Journal of Tropical Medicine.5(2):1-5.
Suarsana, I. N. dan Budiasa, I. K. 2005, Potensi hepatoprotektif ekstrakmengkudu pada keracunan parasetamol.Jvet 6(3).
Wicaksono, H, S, 2015. Struktur hati mencit (mus musculus l.) Setelah pemberian ekstrak daun kaliandra merah (calliandra calothyrsus meissn). Bali.
Widmann F.K. 1995. Tinjauan Klinis atas Hasil Pemeriksaan Laboratorium. Edisi 9. Jakarta : Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC. Hal :331. Cit. Haki, M., 2009. Efek ekstrak daun talok (muntingia calabura l.) Terhadap Aktivitas enzim sgpt pada mencit yang diinduksi karbon Tetraklorida. Surakarta. Skripsi.
Wood D.M., Dargan P.I., Jones A.L., 2005, Measuring plasma salicylate concentrations in all patients with drug overdose or altered consciousness: is it necessary Emerg Med J 22: 401‐403. DOI: 10.1136/emj.2003.010298. Cit. Miladiyah I., 2012. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) pada Penggunaan Aspirin sebagai Antireumatik. Departemen Farmakologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Indonesia (FK UII) Yogyakarta.
Zorn, A.M. 2008, Liver Development. Division Of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Cildren’s Research Foundation, USA.
Battaglia V, Salvi M, Toninello A, 2005. Oxidative stress is responsible for mitochondrial permeability transition induction by salicylate in liver mitochondria. Jounal of biological chemistry.40(280): 33864-72.
Chattopadhyay, R.R. and Bandyopadhyay, M., 2005, Effect of Azadirachta indica Leaf Extract on Serum Lipid Profile Changes in Normal and Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats, African Journal of Biomedical Research, vol. 8, pp. 101–104.
Darsono, L. 2002. Diagnosis dan Terapi Intoksikasi Salisilat dan Parasetamol.Bagian Farmakologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Bandung JKM Vol. 2, No., 1.
Devaki, M. 2010. Repeated Acute Stress Alters Activity of Serum Aminotransferase and Lactate Dehidrogenase in Rate. JPBS, 23(2): 1- 4.
Dewoto, H. R. 2007. Pengembangan Obat Tradisional IndonesiaMenjadi Fitofarmaka. Departemen Farmakologi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta. Vol 57, No. 5.
Drabu, S., Khatri, S. and Babu, S. 2012, Neem: Healer of All Ailments. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 3: 120-126.
Fawcett, D.W. 2002, buku ajar histologi. Jakarta, cit. Amalina, N. 2009,’Uji toksisitas aktif ekstrak valeria (Valeriana officinalis) terhadap hepar mencit BALB/C’, Skripsi. Fakultas Kedokteran. Universitas Diponegoro. Semarang.
Guyton, A. C and Jhon E. H 2007. Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran. Edisi 11. Alih bahasa: LMA. Ken Ariata Tengadi. Judul asli: “Textbook of Medical Physiology” Jakarta: EGC.
Heirmayani, Agungpriyono D.R, Estuningsih S, 2007. Toksikopatologi hati mencit (mus musculus) pada pemberian parasetamol. Skripsi fakultas kedokteran hewan. Bogor : IPB.
Husadha Y, 1996. Fisiologi dan Pemeriksaan Hati. Dalam : Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. Jilid I. Edisi ketiga. Jakarta : Balai Penerbit FKUI. Hal : 224- 226. Cit. Haki, M., 2009. Efek ekstrak daun talok (muntingia calabura l.) Terhadap Aktivitas enzim sgpt pada mencit yang diinduksi karbon Tetraklorida. Surakarta. Skripsi.
Jacobson-Kram, Keller K.A; 2002.Toxicology Testing Handbook. Washington DC: Ork Basel. p. 1 – 20, cit. Jenova, R. 2009,’ Uji toksisitas akut yang diukur dengan Penentuan LD50 ekstrak herba putri malu ( Mimosa pudica l.) Terhadap mencit BALB/C’, Skripsi. Fakultas kedokteran. Universitas Diponegoro. Semarang.
Jurnalis,Y.D., Yorva Sayoeti, Marlia Moriska 2015. Kelainan hati akibat antipiretik.jurnal kesehatan andalas. ;4(3). hlm2,6.
Kirsch A, Perez-Brayfield M, Jones R., 1991. "The reaction catalyzed by Escherichia coli aspartate aminotransferase has multiple partially rate-determining steps, while that catalyzed by the Y225F mutant is dominated by ketimine hydrolysis". J Urol;140(4):1330-4.
Kumar, V., Abbas A.K. and Fausto, N. 2013, Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease. 9th edition. San Fransisco.
Koester M. C. 1993. an overview of the physiology and pharmacology of aspirin and non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Cit. Sibarani, N, M, H., 2013. Studi histopatologi hepar tikus putih yang diinduksi aspirin pasca pemberian madu per oral. Bali. Skripsi.
Lim, S.N., Cheung, P.C.K., Ooi, V.E.C., and Ang, P.O. 2002, Evaluation of Antioxidative Activity of Extracts from a Brown Seaweed, Sargassum siliquastrum, J.Agric Food Chem., 50 (13): 3862-6.
Lu, F.C. 1995. Toksikologi Dasar; Asas, Organ Sasaran, dan Penilaian Resiko. Edisi ke-2. Penerbit Universitas Indonesia. UI Press. Jakarta. Cit. Wicaksono, H, S, 2015. Struktur hati mencit (mus musculus l.) Setelah pemberian ekstrak daun kaliandra merah (calliandra calothyrsus meissn). Bali. Skripsi.
Makita T, Hakoi K. Proliferation and alteration of hepatic peroxisomes and reduction of ATPase activity on their limiting membrane after oral administration of acetylsaliatic acid (aspirin) for four weeks to male rats. Journal: Ann N Y Acad Sci 748:640-4, 1995. Cit Irvanda R, 2007. Pengaruh Pemberian Aspirin Berbagai Dosis Per Oral Terhadap Gambaran Histopatologi Hepar Tikus Wistar. Semarang. Skripsi.
Mangkoewidjojo S. dan Smith J. B. 1988.Pemeliharaan, Pembiakan Dan Penggunaan Hewan Percobaan di Daerah Tropis.Jakarta : UI press. Hal :10- 18. Cit. Erdiana, A. N. 2009. Pengaruh ekstrak pegagan (Centella Asiatica) terhadap kadar sgpt mencit (mus musculus) yang diinduksi parasetamol. Surakarta. Skripsi
Mescher, A.L. 2013, Junqueira’s Basic Histology Text and Atlas. McGraw-Hill Education. Bloomington, Indiana.Mustamu, H.L., Evacuaciany, E. dan Liana, L.K. 2016, The Ethanol Extract of Neem Leaf (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss) Effect towards Wound Healing in Male Swiss Webster Mice. Journal of Medicine and Health. 1 (3): 241-251.
Pamudji G. 2003. Petunjuk Praktikum Farmakologi. Surakarta : Bagian Farmakologi Universitas Setia Budi. Hal : 1-6. Cit. Haki, M., 2009. Efek ekstrak daun talok (muntingia calabura l.) Terhadap Aktivitas enzim sgpt pada mencit yang diinduksi karbon Tetraklorida. Surakarta. Skripsi.
Paulsen F. D. 2000. Histology and Cell Biology.Lange Medical Book. Cit. Oktiari, Y. 2013, ‘Pengaruh Ekstrak Biji Kakao (Theobroma cacao) TerhadapHepatotoksisitas Parasetamol Pada Mencit (Mus musculus)’, Skripsi. Fakultas Kedokteran. Universitas Sebelas Maret. Surakarta.
Podolsky dan Isselbacher, 2002. Tes Diagnostik pada Penyakit Hati. Dalam: Harisson Prinsip- Prinsip Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. Edisi 13.Volume 4. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC. Hal: 1623-1624. Cit. Haki, M., 2009. Efek ekstrak daun talok (muntingia calabura l.) Terhadap Aktivitas enzim sgpt pada mencit yang diinduksi karbon Tetraklorida. Surakarta. Skripsi.
Romzah, V. 2005.Pengaruh fasa air daun (Genarussa vulgaris, Nees) tehadap perubahan histopatologi hati, ginjal dan usus halus mencit jantan.SkripsiFakultas Farmasi. Surabaya: Universitas Airlangga.
Schmutterer, H 1995. The Neem Tree: Source of Unique Natural Products for IntegratedPest Management, Medicine, Industry and Other Purposes, VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 1-696.
Setiawati, M., Murtiningshi, R., Gunaeni, N., Dan Rubiati, T. 2008, Tumbuhan Pestisida Nabati. Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayur, Bandung. Indonesia.
Sherwood, Lauralee. 2001. Fisiologi Manusia: dari sel ke sistem. Edisi 2. Alih bahasa: Brahm. Judul asli: “Human Physiology: from Cells to Systems” Jakarta: EGC.
Somsak, V., Chachiyo, S., Jaihan, U. and Nakinchat, S. 2015, Protective Effect of Aqueous Crude Extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Leaves on Plasmodium berghei-Induced Renal Damage in Mice. Journal of Tropical Medicine.5(2):1-5.
Suarsana, I. N. dan Budiasa, I. K. 2005, Potensi hepatoprotektif ekstrakmengkudu pada keracunan parasetamol.Jvet 6(3).
Wicaksono, H, S, 2015. Struktur hati mencit (mus musculus l.) Setelah pemberian ekstrak daun kaliandra merah (calliandra calothyrsus meissn). Bali.
Widmann F.K. 1995. Tinjauan Klinis atas Hasil Pemeriksaan Laboratorium. Edisi 9. Jakarta : Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC. Hal :331. Cit. Haki, M., 2009. Efek ekstrak daun talok (muntingia calabura l.) Terhadap Aktivitas enzim sgpt pada mencit yang diinduksi karbon Tetraklorida. Surakarta. Skripsi.
Wood D.M., Dargan P.I., Jones A.L., 2005, Measuring plasma salicylate concentrations in all patients with drug overdose or altered consciousness: is it necessary Emerg Med J 22: 401‐403. DOI: 10.1136/emj.2003.010298. Cit. Miladiyah I., 2012. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) pada Penggunaan Aspirin sebagai Antireumatik. Departemen Farmakologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Indonesia (FK UII) Yogyakarta.
Zorn, A.M. 2008, Liver Development. Division Of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Cildren’s Research Foundation, USA.
Published
2019-12-17
How to Cite
Hayong, N. J., Laut, M. M., & Pandarangga, P. (2019). Efek ekstrak etanol daun mimba (Azadirachta indica) terhadap kadar serum glutamat piruvate transminase (sgpt) dan gambaran histopatologi hepar pada mencit (Mus musculus) model hepatotoksik. Jurnal Veteriner Nusantara, 2(2), 141-152. https://doi.org/10.35508/jvn.v2i2.1841
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