Studi Kasus: Identifiksi Patogen Penyebab Penyakit pada Burung Merpati (Columba livia domestica) di Pasar Hewan Kota Surabaya
Case Study: Identification of Pathogens Causing Disease in Pigeons (Columba livia domestica) at the Surabaya City Animal Market
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Mariana Febrilianti Resilinda Putri(1)
Departemen Anatomi, Fisiologi, Farmakologi, Biokimia (AFFB), Fakultas Kedokteran dan Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Nusa Cendana
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Irfan Alias Kendek(2*)
Departemen Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kesehatan Universitas Sari Mulia, Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia
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Aletha Yuliana Mandala(3)
Departemen Anatomi, Fisiologi, Farmakologi, Biokimia (AFFB), Fakultas Kedokteran dan Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Nusa Cendana
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Marlin Cindy Claudia Malelak(4)
Departemen Klinik, Reproduksi, Patologi, dan Nutrisi (KRPN) Fakultas Kedokteran dan Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Nusa Cendana
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Ganis Yanardhini(5)
Klinik Hewan Kenzo Veterinary, Surabaya, Jawa Timur
-
Bima Satria Moekti(6)
Klinik Hewan 2 K and P, Malang, Jawa Timur
(*) Corresponding Author
Keywords:
ectoparasites, gastrointestinal parasites, pigeons protozoa, zoonotic
Abstract
Pigeons (Columba livia) are a species that often adapt well to urban environments and play an important role in the ecosystem as vectors for the spread of various parasites and zoonotic pathogens. This study aimed to identify the presence of gastrointestinal parasites, blood protozoa, and ectoparasites in pigeons originating from live animal markets in Surabaya, Indonesia. Samples were taken from six pigeons showing clinical symptoms such as diarrhea, anorexia, and weakness. Microscopic examination of feces revealed the presence of Capillaria sp. and Raillietina sp. worm eggs, as well as Eimeria sp. and Haemoproteus columbae protozoan parasites found through blood smears. In addition, ectoparasite identification included Columbicola columbae, Menopon sp., and Menacanthus stramineus. These results show that pigeons in live animal markets have the potential to be a source of parasite and zoonotic disease transmission and have a negative impact on poultry and human health. Therefore, it is important to control parasites through improved sanitation, better habitat management, and vector control to reduce the risk of disease transmission.
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References
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Alkharigy FA, El Naas AS, Maghrbi AAE. 2018. Survey of parasites in domestic pigeons (Columba livia) in Tripoli Libya. Open veterinary journal, 8(4): 360-366.
Amin OM, Kakabwab SR. 2019. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in domestic pigeons and backyard chickens in Kalar and Khanaqin districts, Iraq. Journal of Garmian University, 6:1-7.
Ashfiyah MA, Koesdarto S, Eliyani H, Sabdoningrum EK. 2022. Prevalence of Digestive Endoparasites (Helminth and Protozoa) in Pigeon Domestic (Columba livia) Male and Female in Tuban. Journal of Parasite Science, 6(1).
Bahrami S, Esmaeilzadeh S, Alborzi AR, Niknejad S. 2020. Prevalence and new histopathological aspects of Haemoproteus spp. in pigeons from Iran. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 71(1): 1925-1934.
Cepeda AS, Lotta-Arévalo IA, Pinto-Osorio DF, Macías-Zacipa J, Valkiūnas G, Barato P, Matta NE. 2019. Experimental characterization of the complete life cycle of Haemoproteus columbae, with a description of a natural host-parasite system used to study this infection. International journal for parasitology, 49(12): 975-984.
Devulder A, Polack B, Mammeri M. 2025. A global review of Cryptosporidium spp. in pigeons in the context of the One-Health concept. Revue d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 78: 1-13.
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Hanny I, Fadia KI, Permatasari DA, Hastutiek P. 2023. Prevalence Rate and Infection Degree of Helminthiasis on Pigeon (Columbia Livia Domestica) in North Surabaya. Journal of Parasite Science, 7(2).
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Issa AR, Mero W, Hasan DL, Hameed MA. 2021. The Prevalence of Parasites in the Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in Zakho City, Kurdistan-Iraq. Baghdad Science Journal, 18(2): 4.
Khan, N., Khan, R. A., Ullah, Z., Khan, M. S., Mahmood, S., Khan, M. F., ... & Shah, M. (2021). Prevalence of ectoparasites of pheasants in Dhodial Pheasantry district Mansehra, KPK, Pakistan.
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Mohamed MH, Abdelaziz AM. 2023. Survey On The Most Common Diseases Circulating Among Pigeons In The Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Journal Of Animal & Plant Sciences, 33(5): 1220-1236.
Mohebati M, Lotfalizadeh N, Khedri J, Borji H, Ebrahimzadeh E. 2024. An Investigation into the Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminths in Pigeons from Zabol, Iran. Archives of Razi Institute, 79(5): 949.
Nurkarimah, A. B. (2019). Identifikasi Protozoa pada Darah dan Saluran Pencernaan Biawak Air (Varanus Salvator) (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Airlangga).
Ombugadu A, Echor B, Jibril A, Angbalaga G, Lapang M, Micah E, Anzaku AA. 2018. Impact of parasites in captive birds: a review. Curr Res Environ Biodivers, 04: 1-12.
Perez-Sancho M, Garcia-Seco T, Porrero C, Garcia N Gomez-Barrero S, Camara JM, Alvarez J. 2020. A ten-year-surveillance program of zoonotic pathogens in feral pigeons in the City of Madrid (2005–2014): The importance of a systematic pest control. Research in Veterinary Science, 128: 293-298.
Prompiram P, Mongkolphan C, Poltep K, Chunchob S, Sontigun N, Chareonviriyaphap T. 2023. Baselne study of the morphological and genetic characteristics of Haemoproteus parasites in wild pigeons (Columba livia) from paddy fields in Thailand. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 21: 153-159.
Rana, S. S., Bhardwaj, S., & Gupta, N. (2019). Population characteristics of an ischnoceran louse Companulotes bidentatus compar infesting blue rock pigeon in district Meerut (UP). Annals of Entomology, 37(01), 87-90.
Riandi LV, Ikral M, Fahrimal Y. 2021. Identification of gastrointestinal parasites in bird white-rumped shama (copsychus malabaricus) kept by bird lovers in the Pariaman city, west. Jurnal Medika Veterinaria, 15(2).
Salem HM, Salaeh NM, Ragni M, Swelum AA, Alqhtani AH, Abd El-Hack ME, Attia M. M. 2022. Incidence of gastrointestinal parasites in pigeons with an assessment of the nematocidal activity of chitosan nanoparticles against Ascaridia columbae. Poultry Science, 101(6): 101820.
Saood, AI., Khaleefah, IA., Aljassim, KBN., Mohammad SS., Alkinaniv AK., Najem, HA. Isolation and Identification of Eimeria spp. From Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in Basrah, Iraq.
Soliman D., Adly E., Nasser M., Shehata M., Kamal M. 2023. Seasonal population dynamics of the common chewing lice Columbicola columbae infesting the domestic pigeon Columba livia. Oriental Insects, 57(3): 819-829.
Sood NK, Singh H, Kaur S, Gupta K, Gupta R. 2018. A note on mixed coccidian and Capillaria infection in pigeons. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 42(1): 39–42
Villanua D., U, Hfle L. Prez-Rodrguez C. Gortzar 2006. Trichomonas gallinae in wintering common wood pigeons Columba palumbus in Spain. I.B.I.S.148:641-648.
Doi:10.1007/s12639-011-0047-2
Qureshi AJ, Aziz I. 2023. Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes (Capillaria spp.) in domestic pigeons (Columba livia) in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Nematology, 41(2): 125–134.
Walteros-Casas, HA, Hernández-Martínez MC, Góngora-Orjuela A, Parra-Arango JL, Chaparro-Gutiérrez JJ. 2021. Identification of ecto and endoparasites in domestic pigeons (Columba livia) from the urban area of Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia. Rev MVZ Cordoba, 26(3).
Widyaningsih, F., Rimayanti, R., Koesdarto, S., Suwanti, L. T., & Sunarso, A. (2019). Prevalence of Protozoa in Gastrointestinal Tract of Pigeons (Columba livia) Maintenance Ekstensif and Intensif in Surabaya. Journal of Parasite Science, 2(2), 71-76.
Yousafzai GJ, Rafiq N, Kamal M, Khan W, Yasmeen G, Masood, Z, Hassan HU. 2021. Occurrence of cestodes and comparative efficacy of Typha angustata and sulphadimidine against cestodes in Columba livia domestica (Domestic Pigeon). Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(10): 5925-5930.
Adhikari RB, Ale PB, Dhakal MA, Ghimire TR, 2022. Prevalence and diversity of intestinal parasites in household and temple pigeons (Columba livia) in central Nepal. Veterinary Medicine and Science, 8(4): 1528-1538.
Alajmi, R. A., Metwally, D. M., El-Khadragy, M. F., Yehia, H. M., El-Ashram, S., Almusawi, Z., ... & Abdel-Gaber, R. (2021). Molecular identification of Campanulotes bidentatus Scopoli, 1763 (Phthiraptera, Philopteridae) infecting the domestic pigeon Columba livia from Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(4), 2613-2617.
Alkharigy FA, El Naas AS, Maghrbi AAE. 2018. Survey of parasites in domestic pigeons (Columba livia) in Tripoli Libya. Open veterinary journal, 8(4): 360-366.
Amin OM, Kakabwab SR. 2019. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in domestic pigeons and backyard chickens in Kalar and Khanaqin districts, Iraq. Journal of Garmian University, 6:1-7.
Ashfiyah MA, Koesdarto S, Eliyani H, Sabdoningrum EK. 2022. Prevalence of Digestive Endoparasites (Helminth and Protozoa) in Pigeon Domestic (Columba livia) Male and Female in Tuban. Journal of Parasite Science, 6(1).
Bahrami S, Esmaeilzadeh S, Alborzi AR, Niknejad S. 2020. Prevalence and new histopathological aspects of Haemoproteus spp. in pigeons from Iran. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 71(1): 1925-1934.
Cepeda AS, Lotta-Arévalo IA, Pinto-Osorio DF, Macías-Zacipa J, Valkiūnas G, Barato P, Matta NE. 2019. Experimental characterization of the complete life cycle of Haemoproteus columbae, with a description of a natural host-parasite system used to study this infection. International journal for parasitology, 49(12): 975-984.
Devulder A, Polack B, Mammeri M. 2025. A global review of Cryptosporidium spp. in pigeons in the context of the One-Health concept. Revue d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 78: 1-13.
Dong H, Zhao Q, Zhu S, Han H, Huang B. 2018. Prevalence of Eimeria infection in domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in Shanghai. China. J Vet Med Res, 5(8):1155.
Galindo-González J. 2022. Live animal markets: Identifying the origins of emerging infectious diseases. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health, 25: 100310.
Hanny I, Fadia KI, Permatasari DA, Hastutiek P. 2023. Prevalence Rate and Infection Degree of Helminthiasis on Pigeon (Columbia Livia Domestica) in North Surabaya. Journal of Parasite Science, 7(2).
Hassan SA, Abdel-Rahman SA, Hassan MH, Mahmoud MA. 2022. Incidence of gastrointestinal parasites in pigeons with an assessment of the nematocidal activity of chitosan nanoparticles against Ascaridia columbae.
He, Y., Wang, Z., Li, S., Chen, P., Liu, K., Li, M., ... & Jian, F. (2024). Effects of three kinds of Chinese herbs on growth performance, oocysts output and gut microbiota in growing lambs with coccidiosis. Folia Parasitologica, 71.
Höglund, Johan, Gürbüz Daş, Behdad Tarbiat, Peter Geldhof, Désirée S. Jansson, and Matthias Gauly. "Ascaridia galli-An old problem that requires new solutions." International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance 23 (2023): 1-9.
Hossain, A., Ara, S. I., & Rahman, A. S. (2022). Taxonomy of wild birds’ lice at the campus of Chittagong University, Chattogram, Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Zoology, 50(1), 51-66.
Issa AR, Mero W, Hasan DL, Hameed MA. 2021. The Prevalence of Parasites in the Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in Zakho City, Kurdistan-Iraq. Baghdad Science Journal, 18(2): 4.
Khan, N., Khan, R. A., Ullah, Z., Khan, M. S., Mahmood, S., Khan, M. F., ... & Shah, M. (2021). Prevalence of ectoparasites of pheasants in Dhodial Pheasantry district Mansehra, KPK, Pakistan.
López-Osorio, S., Chaparro-Gutiérrez, J. J., & Gómez-Osorio, L. M. (2020). Overview of poultry Eimeria life cycle and host-parasite interactions. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7, 384.
Mehmood S, Nashiruddullah N, Ahmed JA, Borkataki S. 2019. Parasitic affections of domesticated pigeons (Columba livia) in Jammu, India. Annals of parasitology, 65(1).
Mohamed MH, Abdelaziz AM. 2023. Survey On The Most Common Diseases Circulating Among Pigeons In The Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Journal Of Animal & Plant Sciences, 33(5): 1220-1236.
Mohebati M, Lotfalizadeh N, Khedri J, Borji H, Ebrahimzadeh E. 2024. An Investigation into the Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminths in Pigeons from Zabol, Iran. Archives of Razi Institute, 79(5): 949.
Nurkarimah, A. B. (2019). Identifikasi Protozoa pada Darah dan Saluran Pencernaan Biawak Air (Varanus Salvator) (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Airlangga).
Ombugadu A, Echor B, Jibril A, Angbalaga G, Lapang M, Micah E, Anzaku AA. 2018. Impact of parasites in captive birds: a review. Curr Res Environ Biodivers, 04: 1-12.
Perez-Sancho M, Garcia-Seco T, Porrero C, Garcia N Gomez-Barrero S, Camara JM, Alvarez J. 2020. A ten-year-surveillance program of zoonotic pathogens in feral pigeons in the City of Madrid (2005–2014): The importance of a systematic pest control. Research in Veterinary Science, 128: 293-298.
Prompiram P, Mongkolphan C, Poltep K, Chunchob S, Sontigun N, Chareonviriyaphap T. 2023. Baselne study of the morphological and genetic characteristics of Haemoproteus parasites in wild pigeons (Columba livia) from paddy fields in Thailand. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 21: 153-159.
Rana, S. S., Bhardwaj, S., & Gupta, N. (2019). Population characteristics of an ischnoceran louse Companulotes bidentatus compar infesting blue rock pigeon in district Meerut (UP). Annals of Entomology, 37(01), 87-90.
Riandi LV, Ikral M, Fahrimal Y. 2021. Identification of gastrointestinal parasites in bird white-rumped shama (copsychus malabaricus) kept by bird lovers in the Pariaman city, west. Jurnal Medika Veterinaria, 15(2).
Salem HM, Salaeh NM, Ragni M, Swelum AA, Alqhtani AH, Abd El-Hack ME, Attia M. M. 2022. Incidence of gastrointestinal parasites in pigeons with an assessment of the nematocidal activity of chitosan nanoparticles against Ascaridia columbae. Poultry Science, 101(6): 101820.
Saood, AI., Khaleefah, IA., Aljassim, KBN., Mohammad SS., Alkinaniv AK., Najem, HA. Isolation and Identification of Eimeria spp. From Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in Basrah, Iraq.
Soliman D., Adly E., Nasser M., Shehata M., Kamal M. 2023. Seasonal population dynamics of the common chewing lice Columbicola columbae infesting the domestic pigeon Columba livia. Oriental Insects, 57(3): 819-829.
Sood NK, Singh H, Kaur S, Gupta K, Gupta R. 2018. A note on mixed coccidian and Capillaria infection in pigeons. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 42(1): 39–42
Villanua D., U, Hfle L. Prez-Rodrguez C. Gortzar 2006. Trichomonas gallinae in wintering common wood pigeons Columba palumbus in Spain. I.B.I.S.148:641-648.
Doi:10.1007/s12639-011-0047-2
Qureshi AJ, Aziz I. 2023. Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes (Capillaria spp.) in domestic pigeons (Columba livia) in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Nematology, 41(2): 125–134.
Walteros-Casas, HA, Hernández-Martínez MC, Góngora-Orjuela A, Parra-Arango JL, Chaparro-Gutiérrez JJ. 2021. Identification of ecto and endoparasites in domestic pigeons (Columba livia) from the urban area of Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia. Rev MVZ Cordoba, 26(3).
Widyaningsih, F., Rimayanti, R., Koesdarto, S., Suwanti, L. T., & Sunarso, A. (2019). Prevalence of Protozoa in Gastrointestinal Tract of Pigeons (Columba livia) Maintenance Ekstensif and Intensif in Surabaya. Journal of Parasite Science, 2(2), 71-76.
Yousafzai GJ, Rafiq N, Kamal M, Khan W, Yasmeen G, Masood, Z, Hassan HU. 2021. Occurrence of cestodes and comparative efficacy of Typha angustata and sulphadimidine against cestodes in Columba livia domestica (Domestic Pigeon). Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(10): 5925-5930.
Published
2025-12-20
How to Cite
Putri, M., Kendek, I., Mandala, A., Malelak, M., Yanardhini, G., & Moekti, B. (2025). Studi Kasus: Identifiksi Patogen Penyebab Penyakit pada Burung Merpati (Columba livia domestica) di Pasar Hewan Kota Surabaya. Jurnal Veteriner Nusantara, 8(2), 88-96. https://doi.org/10.35508/jvn.v8i2.26753
Section
Case Study
Copyright (c) 2025 Mariana Febrilianti Resilinda Putri, Irfan Alias Kendek, Aletha Yuliana Mandala, Marlin Cindy Claudia Malelak, Ganis Yanardhini, Bima Satria Moekti
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