Laporan Kasus: Shigellosis dan Koksidiosis pada Ayam Broiler Berumur 30 Hari di Desa Kutuh, Kuta Selatan, Badung, Bali
-
Khairunnisa Zahra Ravenska(1*)
Mahasiswa Universitas Udayana
-
I Putu Cahyadi Putra(2)
-
Yeocelin Meida Utami(3)
-
I Made Kardena(4)
-
Gusti Ayu Yuniati Kencana(5)
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Shigellosis is a bacterial infection caused by members of the genus Shigella and is rarely reported in chickens. In contrast, coccidiosis caused by Eimeria spp. is a common and devastating parasitic disease in broiler chicken. Both diseases can cause digestive disorders, decreased performance, and even death, and can potentially occur together under suboptimal rearing conditions. This case report aimed to identify the causative agent of a disease outbreak in broiler chickens on a farm in Kutuh Village through an epidemiological investigation, clinical examination, and a series of laboratory tests. The examination method began with interviews with farmers and field investigations (epidemiology), followed by clinical examination of sick chickens to collect samples and undergo supporting examinations in anatomical pathology, bacteriology, and parasitology laboratories. A 30-day-old broiler chicken showed clinical symptoms of weakness, severe lethargy, decreased appetite, dull and falling feathers, inability to stand, and brownish-yellow diarrhea. Anatomical pathology observations revealed cheilitis in several organs, a fibrin layer on the heart surface, and intestinal bleeding. Histopathological examination revealed the infiltration of polymorphonuclear inflammatory cells in the heart, liver, intestines, and cecum, and the presence of schizonts in the cecal epithelium of infected tissues. Bacteriological examination successfully identified Shigella spp., and parasitological examination revealed Eimeria spp. oocysts in fecal samples, with a total of 273,100 oocysts/gram. Based on these findings, it was concluded that the chickens in this case experienced co-infection with Shigella and Eimeria. Further research on Shigella infection in poultry is recommended, and farmers should improve biosecurity and provide appropriate treatment to their flocks.
Downloads
References
Amri F, Sayuti A, Darniati. 2017. Isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri enterik pada feses gajah sumatera (Elephas maximus sumatranus) di Pusat Konservasi Gajah (PKG) Saree Aceh Besar. JIMVET. 1(3): 305-315.
Andriniawati NL, Saskara IAN. 2018. Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Perminataan Ayam Broiler di Provinsi Bali. E-Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Universitas Udayana. 7(9): 2011-2037.
Ardiana IPGSN, Mahatmi H, Berata IK, Suratma NA, Sari TK. 2024. Escherichia coli and Shigella sp. infections in broiler chickens at a closed house farm in Batungsel Village, Tabanan. Buletin Veteriner Udayana, 16(6), 1751–1765.
Arsyitahlia N, Ardana IBK, Apsari IAP. 2019. Prevalensi Infeksi Eimeria spp. pada Ayam Pedaging yang Diberi Pakan Tanpa Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGP) di Kabupaten Tabanan, Bali. Indonesia Medicus Veterinus. 8(2): 186-192.
Aslam A, Hashmi MF, Okafor CN. 2024. Shigellosis. StatPearls. Book of National Library of Medicine.
Azmy AA, Apsari IAP, Arda IBK. 2015. Isolasi dan Identifikasi Ookista Koksidia dari Tanah di sekitar Tempat Pembuangan Sampah di Kota Denpasar. Indonesia Medicus Veterinus. 4: 163-169.
Bangoura B, Daughschies A. 2011. Parasitological and clinical parameters of experimental Eimeria zuernii infection in calves and influence on weight gain and haemogram. Parasitol Res. 100(6): 1331-1340.
Blake DP, Knox J, Dehaeck B, Huntington B, Rathinam T, Ravipati V, Tomley FM. 2020. Re-calculating the cost of coccidiosis in chickens. Vet Res. 51: 115.
Brahmananda WGA, Putra IPC, Kardena IM, Mahatmi H, Astawa INM. 2024. Coccidiosis in broiler chickens raised in close house in Patas Village, Gerokgak, Buleleng. Buletin Veteriner Udayana. 16(4): 1079–1092.
Chapman HD. 2014. Milestones in avian coccidiosis research: A review. Poult Sci. 93(3): 501–511.
Choi J, Ko H, Tompkins YH, Teng PY, Lourenco JM, Callaway TR, Kim WK. 2021. Effects of Eimeria tenella infection on key parameters for feed efficiency in broiler chickens. Animals. 11(12): 3428.
Dalloul RA, Lillehoj HS. 2006. Poultry coccidiosis: recent advancements in control measures and vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines. 5(1): 143-163.
Hafez HM. 2011. Enteric diseases of poultry with special attention to clostridial enteritis. World's Poult Sci J. 67(2): 281–294.
Halim AI. 2021. Identifikasi Suspect Bakteri Shigella pada Ayam Broiler di Laboratorium Diagnostik Universitas Hasanuddin. [Skripsi]. Universitas Hasanuddin: Makassar.
Herawati U, Rastina, Roslizawaty, Erina, Nurliana, Jalaludin M. 2022. Detection Salmonella Sp. on the Unproductive Quail Meat (Coturnix-coturnix japonica) in Darul Imarah Sub-District Aceh Besar District. J Ilm Mahasiswa Veteriner (JIMVET). 6(1): 13-21.
Islam KMS, Aktar J, Islam S. 2022. Broiler Industry and Global Nutrition Security. IAR J Nutr Food Sci. 3(4): 17-22.
Kiernan JA. 2015. Histological and Histochemical Methods: Theory and Practice. 5th ed. Scion Publishing Ltd.
Kotloff KL, Riddle MS, Platts-Mills JA, Pavlinac P, Zaidi AKM. 2018. Shigellosis. The Lancet, 391(10122), 801–812.
Kuastiantari NLD, Dwinata IM, Adi AAAM, Suarjana IGK, Mahardika IGNK. 2024. Thyplitis haemorrhagica et necrotican pada kejadian koksidiosis di ayam broiler umur 32 hari. J Ilmu Kesehatan Hewan. 6(4): 332-341.
Lal K, Bromley E, Oakes R, Prieto JH, Sanderson SJ, Kurian D, Hunt L, Yates JR, Wastling JM, Sinden RE, Tomley FM. 2009. Proteomic comparison of four Eimeria tenella life cycle stages: unsporulated oocyst, sporulated oocyst, sporozoite and second generation merozoite. Proteomics. 9(19): 4566–4576.
MacDonald, SE, Nolan MJ, Harman K, Boulton K, Hume, DA, Tomley FM, Stabler RA. 2019. Effects of Eimeria tenella infection on Campylobacter jejuni colonization of the chicken. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 57(10), e00764-19.
Majo N, Dolz R. 2019. Atlas of Avian Necropsy. VetBooks. ISBN 978-84-92569-36-6.
Martino MC, Rossi G, Tattoli I, Martini I, Chiavolini D, Cortese G, Pozzi G, Bernardini ML. 2005. Cellular Microbiology. 7: 115-127.
Mathis GF, Lumpkins B, Cervantes HM, Coy SHF, Jenkins MC, Jones MK, Price KR, Dalloul RA. 2024. Coccidiosis in poultry: disease mechanisms, control strategies, and future directions. Poult Sci.
Mattock E, Blocker AJ. 2017. How do the virulence factors of Shigella work together to cause disease?. PubMed Central. 7: 64.
Maulana AB. 2021. Pengelolaan Litter pada Budidaya Ayam Ras Pedaging di Kandang Mitra PT. Bintang Sejahtera Bersama. [Tugas Akhir]. Politeknik Pengembangan Pertanian Gowa, Badan Penyuluhan dan Pengembangan SDM Pertanian, Kementerian Pertanian.
Muñoz-Gómez V, Shaw APM, Abdykerimov K, Abo-Shehada M, Bulbuli F, Charypkhan D, Delphino M, Léger A, Li Y, Rasmussen P, Rittem S, Ahmadi BV, Torgerson PR. 2025. Economic impact of chicken diseases and other causes of morbidity or mortality in backyard farms in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Vet Res. 21: 151.
Nursafitri EYE, Melicia M, Sifora S, Hartady T. 2025. Ko-infeksi kolibasillosis dan koksidiosis pada peternakan ayam broiler di Tanjung Sari, Sumedang, Jawa Barat. J Vet. 26(4): 595–604.
Parsot C. 2005. Shigella spp. and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli pathogenicity factors. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 252: 11–18.
Putri EY, Besung INK, Suratma NA, Berata IK, Nindhia TS. 2024. Laporan kasus: koliseptikemia disertai koksidiosis pada ayam pedaging di Desa Kapal, Mengwi, Kabupaten Badung. Indonesia Medicus Veterinus. 13(5): 513–527.
Rosales C, Lowell CA, Schnoor M, Uribe-Querol E. 2017. Neutrophils: Their Role in Innate and Adaptive Immunity 2017. Journal of Immunology Research, 2017, 1–2.
Rumapea S, Suratma NA, Adi AAM, Besung INK, Kencana GAY. 2023. Koksidiosis pada ayam broiler disebabkan oleh Eimeria tenella. Vet Sci Med J. 5(10): 221–231.
Sandriya A, Sujoko H, Wibowo S, Silitonga L, Yuanita I, Aritonang N. 2023. Tingkat penerapan biosekuriti pada peternakan ayam broiler di Kota Palangka Raya. Bul Vet Udayana. 15(5): 905–914.
Sembiring VCB, Suarjana IGK, Gelgel KTP. 2023. Isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri Shigella spp. penyebab diare pada anjing. Bul Vet Udayana. 15(1): 60–67.
Shi R, Yang X, Chen L. 2014. Pathogenicity of Shigella in chickens. PLoS One. 9(6): e100264.
Suarjana IK, Besung INK, Mahatmi HM, Tono KP. 2017. Modul Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri. Udayana Press.
Thrusfield MV, Christley R. 2018. Veterinary Epidemiology. 4th ed. Wiley-Blackwell.
Ud-Din A, Wahid S. 2014. Relationship among Shigella spp. and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) and their differentiation. Braz J Microbiol. 45(4): 1131–1138.
Vieira NB, Vera JR, Grade MJ, Santo C. 2008. Traveler's myopericarditis. Eur J Intern Med. 19: 146–147.
Watarai M, Funato S, Sasakawa C. 1996. Interaction of Ipa proteins of Shigella flexneri with α5β1 integrin promotes entry of the bacteria into mammalian cells. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 183(3), 991–999.
Widyantara PRA, Wiyana IKA, Sarini NP. 2013. Tingkat penerapan biosekuriti pada peternakan ayam pedaging kemitraan di Kabupaten Tabanan dan Gianyar. Peternakan Tropika. 1(1): 45–57.
Zajac AM, Conboy GA. 2021. Veterinary Clinical Parasitology. 8th ed. Wiley-Blackwell.
Copyright (c) 2026 Khairunnisa Zahra Ravenska, I Putu Cahyadi Putra, Yeocelin Meida Utami, I Made Kardena, Gusti Ayu Yuniati Kencana
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Visit Our G Scholar Profile
