Aeromonas hydrophila Infection in Bekko Koi Linked to Biosecurity Failure During Fish Introduction
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Kadek Ferdy Agastia Dwi Pratama(1*)
General Practitioner Veterinarian, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, 80234
(*) Corresponding Author
Keywords:
Aeromonas hydrophila, combination therapy, Cyprinus rubrofuscus, Dexamethasone, Oxytetracycline
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic pathogen commonly associated with infections in koi fish, particularly under conditions of stress and suboptimal husbandry. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a combined antibiotic and supportive therapeutic regimen in the management of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Bekko koi. The outbreak was precipitated by the introduction of new fish without adequate quarantine and acclimatization procedures, as well as the influx of transport water contaminated with organic matter into the culture system. Treatment consisted of intramuscular administration of Oxytetracycline (80 mg/kg body weight), Dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kg body weight), and Biodin Romindo (0.1 mL/kg body weight) at two-day intervals over a 7-day period. Clinical evaluation demonstrated progressive improvement, as evidenced by a reduction in ulcerative lesions and hemorrhage, alongside restoration of scale integrity, mucus production, activity, and feeding behavior. Despite the completion of therapy, mild hemorrhage persisted in the caudal region, likely attributable to limited vascularization in the affected tissue. Overall, the therapeutic protocol proved effective in accelerating the recovery process in Bekko koi affected by Aeromonas hydrophila infection.
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References
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Tasanee, L., Richard, L. T. 1981. Intestinal Synthesis and Absorption of Vitamin B-12 in Channel Catfish. The Journal of Nutrition. pp: 2125-2132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/111.12.2125
Yudiputra, M. I., Ulfah, M., Krisnan, R. 2025. Impact of In Ovo Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Injection on Digestive and Antibody-Related Organ Development and Health in Post-Hatch Sentul Chickens. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan. 35(2): 315-327. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiip.2025.035.02.14
Afisu, B., Abiodun, A. A., Akeem, A. O., Kolawole, S. Y., Akanni, A. S. 2022. Vitamin C Improves the Efficacy of Oxytetracycline in Treatment of Aeromonas hydrophila-infected Juvenile Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health. 11(3) :380-390. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20473/jafh.v11i3.35153
Andrian, K. N., Wihadmadyatami, H., Wijayanti, N., Karnati, S., Haryanti, A. 2024. A comprehensive review of current practices, challenges, and future perspectives in Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio var. koi) cultivation. Veterinary World. 17(8) : 1846-1854. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.1846-1854
Camus, A. C., Durborow, R. M., Hemstreet, W. G., Thune, R. L., Hawke, J. P. 1998. Aeromonas Bacterial Infections — Motile Aeromonad Septicemia. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center. pp : 1-5.
Choudhary, P., Naik, S. P., Sahoo, S. R., Das, R., Sahoo, S. N., Panda, S. K., Abraham, T. J., Patil, P. K., Swain, P., Mishra, S. S. 2024. Effects of prolonged oxytetracycline supplementation on freshwater stinging cat sh (Heteropneustes fossilis): a multi-biomarker approach. Frontiers In Immunology. pp: 1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1478114
Fanani, A. N., Rahardja, B. S., Prayogo, P. 2018. Efek Padat Tebar Ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias Sp.) yang Berbeda terhadap Kandungan Amonia (NH3) dan Nitrit (NO2) dengan Sistem Bioflok. Journal of Aquaculture Science. 3(2) : 85-93. DOI : https://doi.org/10.31093/joas.v3i2.57
Fauzan, A. L., Budiardi, T., Effendi, I., Diatin, I., Hadiroseyani, Y., Dewi, N. N. 2024. Analisis Produksi Dan Distribusi Pembenihan Ikan Koi (Cyprinus Carpio) Berdasarkan Sebaran Kualitas Seleksi Di Omah Koi Farm Indonesia. Berita Biologi. 23(1): 103-114.
Fontana, B. D., Alnassar, N., Parker, M. O. 2021. The impact of water changes on stress and subject variation in a zebrafish (Danio rerio) anxiety-related task. Journal of Neuroscience Methods. pp:1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109347
Guiloski, I. C., Ribas, J. L. C., Pereira, L. S., Neves, A. P. P., Assis, H. C. S. 2015. Effects of trophic exposure to dexamethasone and diclofenac in freshwater fish. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. pp: 204-211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.11.020
Haan, A., Doorn, J. E., Westra, H. G. 1985. Effects of potassium + magnesium aspartate on muscle metabolism and force development during short intensive static exercise. 6(1) : 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1025812
Iskandar, A., Amalia, D., Aji, H. S., Hendriana, A., Darmawangsa, G. M. 2021. Optimalisasi Pembenihan Ikan Koi Cyprinus rubrofuscus di Mina Karya Koi, Sleman, Yogyakarta. SIGANUS: Journal of Fisheries and Marine Science. 3(1) :154-159.
Kim, S. W., Kim, H. J., Kim, S. G., Kwon, J., Lee, S. B., Jung, W. J., Lee, Y. M., Jo, S. J., Giri, S. S., Yoon, S. H., Kim, S. H., Kim, C. M., Chi, C., Park, S. C. 2022. Bactericidal efficacy of non-thermal plasma activation against Aeromonas hydrophila and immunological responses of koi (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus). Fish & Shellfish Immunology. pp: 197-204. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2022.01.007
Leanovich, S., Maksimyuk, Y., Dziahtsiaryk, S., Sidarenka, A. 2025. Diversity, virulence factors and antibiotic resistance profiles of Aeromonas species isolated from farmed fish in Belarus. The Microbe. pp: 1-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microb.2025.100397
Papakonstantinou, G., Gougoulis, D. A., Voulgarakis, N., Maragkakis, G., Galamatis, D., Athanasiou, L. V., Papatsiros, V. G. 2023. Effects of Injectable Administration of Dexamethasone Alone or in Combination with Vitamin E/Se in Newborn Low Birth Weight Piglets. Vet Sci. 10(2): 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10020135
Qi, X. Z., Li, D. L., Tu, X., Song, C. G., Ling, F., Wang, G. X. 2016. Preliminary study on the relationship between dexamethasone and pathogen susceptibility on crucian carp (Carassius auratus). Fish & Shellfish Immunology. pp 18-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2016.10.017
Semwal, A., Kumar, A., Kumar, N. 2023. A review on pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila and their mitigation through medicinal herbs in aquaculture. Heliyon. 9(3): 1-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14088
Senk, A., Fazzari, J., Djonov, V. 2024. Vascular mimicry in zebrafish fin regeneration: how macrophages build new blood vessels. Angiogenesis. 27(3) : 397-410. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10456-024-09914-y
Shimokawa, Y., Abe, K., Ohura, M., Yamamoto, M., Ando, H., Tohfuku, T., Yamashinta, M., Kondo, M. 2023. Nutritional Supplementation and Enhanced Antioxidant Function by Dietary Intake of Selenoneine and Other Selenium Compounds in Red Seabream Pagrus major. Mar Biotechnol. 25(5): 683-690. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-023-10215-6
Skliros, D., Kostakou, M., Kokkari, C., Tsertou, M. I., Pavloudi, C., Zafeiropoulos, H., Katharios, P., Flemetakis, E. 2024. Unveiling Emerging Opportunistic Fish Pathogens in Aquaculture: A Comprehensive Seasonal Study of Microbial Composition in Mediterranean Fish Hatcheries. Microorganisms MPDI. 12(11):1-22. DOI : https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12112281
Suprapto, H., Raharjo, D., Sasongko, C. B., Sudiana, I. K. 2002. Isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila from diseased shrimp Penaeus monodon cultured in traditional ponds. Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol. 22(6): 405-407.
Tasanee, L., Richard, L. T. 1981. Intestinal Synthesis and Absorption of Vitamin B-12 in Channel Catfish. The Journal of Nutrition. pp: 2125-2132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/111.12.2125
Yudiputra, M. I., Ulfah, M., Krisnan, R. 2025. Impact of In Ovo Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Injection on Digestive and Antibody-Related Organ Development and Health in Post-Hatch Sentul Chickens. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan. 35(2): 315-327. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiip.2025.035.02.14
Published
2026-09-02
How to Cite
Pratama, K. F. (2026). Aeromonas hydrophila Infection in Bekko Koi Linked to Biosecurity Failure During Fish Introduction. Jurnal Veteriner Nusantara, 9(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.35508/jvn.v9i2.28269
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Copyright (c) 2026 Kadek Ferdy Agastia Dwi Pratama
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