Performans Klinis dan Pengobatan Pedet Sapi bali (Bos sondaicus) yang terinfeksi Toxocara vitulorum
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Ezequiel N.D Ribeiro(1)
-
Yohanes T R M R Simarmata(2*)
Dosen
-
Tarsisius C Tophianong(3)
(*) Corresponding Author
Keywords:
Clinical Performance, Treatment, Diagnose, Bali Cattle, Calf, Toxocara vitulorum
Abstract
Toxocara vitulorum is a nematode worm that is highly pathogenic in almost all breeds of cattle and buffaloes worldwide. Bali cattle are one of the main hosts, especially the calves. Calves begin to become infected after ingesting larvae from the mother through colostrum then migrating and causing damage to the organs which it passes. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the clinical symptoms, clinical performance, diagnosis and treatment of bali calves that infected with Toxocara vitulorum. The literatures used for this study were obtained from searching and collection of various reference sources using Mendeley and Google Scholar applications. Based on the results of the study, infected calves showed abnormalities such as lethargy, depression, dark brown and fishy-smelling diarrhea, anorexia, abdominal pain or colic, coughing, constipation, dehydration, pale mucous membrane, BCS below 3, poor growth or stunted, weight loss, dull hair, butyric-smelling breath, abdominal distension, respiratory rate 40 rpm and heart rate 84 rpm. The diagnosis of Toxocara vitulorum is based on clinical signs, necropsy findings, fecal examination, and serological tests. However, serological testing is an alternative method that is more suitable for diagnosis because it can identify Toxocara vitulorum in prepatic infections and mild infections in calves. A very effective serological test is ELISA. Modern anthelmintic that is highly recommended for the treatment of Toxocara vitulorum in bali calves is fenbendazole from the benzimidazole group, while the herbal anthelmintic recomended are knicker nut (Caesalpina crista) and wormwood (Artemisia maritima).
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References
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Astiti NMAGR. 2018. Sapi Bali dan Pemasarannya. Warmadewa University Press, ISBN: 978-602-1582-36-7.
Audu, Z., & Abalaka, S. E. 2019. Toxocara vitulorum intestinal impaction in male White Fulani calves: a case report from Nigeria. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 43(4), 597-600.
Aydin A, Goz Y, Yuksek N dan Ayaz E. 2006. Prevalence of toxocara vitulorum in hakepala keluargaari eastern region of turkey. Bull Vet Inst Pulway, 50: 51-54
Banerjee DP, AK Barman Roy dan PK Sanyal. 1983. Public Health Significance of Neoascaris Vitulorum Larvae In Buffalo Milk Samples. J. Parasitol, 69: 1124.
Chelladurai, J. J., Bader, C., Snobl, T., Magstadt, D., Cooper, V., & Brewer, M. T. (2015). Toxocara vitulorum infection in a cohort of beef calves in Iowa. Veterinary parasitology, 214(1-2), 96-99.
Da Silva, D. G., Santana, A. M., Pizauro, L. J. L., Bernardes, P. A., Clemente, V., Silveira, C. R. A., ... & Fagliari, J. J. (2015). Toxocara vitulorum em bezerros bubalinos neonatos. INVESTIGAÇÃO, 14(6).
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Das, K.M. and Singh, G.B. (1955) Calf ascariasis in India. A 9 year survey with special reference to Hetrazan. British Veterinary Journal 111, 342347.
Davila, Gabriel, Max Irsik, and Ellis C. Greiner. "Toxocara vitulorum in beef calves in North Central Florida." Veterinary Parasitology 168.3-4 (2010): 261-263.
Direktorat Kesehatan Hewan, 2014. Manual Penyakit Hewan Mamalia. Direktorat Kesehatan Hewan, Direktorat Jenderal Petemakan, Departemen Pertanian. Jakarta.
Dorny et al. 2015. Prevalence and associated risk factors of Toxocara vitulorum infections in buffalo and cattle calves in three provinces of central Cambodia. The Korean Journal of Parasitology, 53.2: 197.
Dewair A, Bessat M. 2020. Molecular and microscopic detection of natural and experimental infections of Toxocara vitulorum in bovine milk. PloS one 15(5): e0233453.
El Shanawany EE, Hassan SE, Abdel-Rahman AAH, Abdel-Rahman EH (2019) Toxocara vitulorum cuticle glycoproteins in the diagnosis of calves toxocariasis, Veterinary World, 12(2): 288-294.
Elni, Praptiwi I. I dan Lesik MMNN, Evaluasi Sifat AntiParasit terhadap Daun Mayana (Solenostemon Scutellarioides). Musamus Journal of Livestock Science. ISSN : 2685-3558
Enyenihi, U.K. (1969) Pathogenicity of Neoascaris vitulorum infections in calves. Bulletin of Epizootic Diseases of Africa 17, 171178.
Estuningsih, S. E. (2005). Toxocariasis pada hewan dan bahayanya pada manusia. J Wartazoa, 15(3), 136-142.
Gilleard JS. 2006. Understanding anthelmintic resistance: The need for genomics and genetics. International Journal for Parasitology. 36(12):12271239
Goossens, E., Dorny, P., Vervaecke, H., Roden, C., Vercammen, F., & Vercruysse, J. (2007). Toxocara vitulorum in American bison (Bison bison) calves. Veterinary Record, 160(16), 556.
Hafiz, A., N. A. Tufani, and D. M. Makhdoomi. 2010. Therapeutic efficacy of ivermectin, fenbendazole and albendazole against ascariasis in crossbred calves, Indian Journal of Field Veterinarians (The) 6.2.
Haryuningtyas D, dan Beriajaya. 2002. Metode deteksi resistensi terhadap antelmintik pada domba dan kambing. WARTAZOA. 12(2):7279.
Hendrix CM. 1995. Helminthic infections of the feline small and large intestines: diagnosis and treatment. Vet. Med. May, 456-472.
https://www.shs.co.id/home/detail/id/Panacur.20X.10.25X..20X.Oral.20X.Suspensi / diakses pada tanggal 01 September 2020
https://www.drugs.com/vet/panacur-cattle-dewormer-suspension-10.html / diakses pada tanggal 01 September 2020
Holland WG, TT Luong, LA Nguyen, TT Do dan J Vercruysee. 2000. The epidemiology of nematode and fluke infections in cattle in the red river delta in vietnam. Vet. Parasitol, 93: 141-147.
Holland CV dan Smith HV. 2006. Toxocara, The Engimatic Parasite CABI Publishing, 875 MA 02139. USA.
Kumar D, Bhat Z A, Kumar V, and Zargar M. I. 2011. A Short Movie on Artemisia Maritima Linn. International Journal of Research in Phytochemestry & Pharmachology, ISSN:2231-010X.
Medicastore. 2011. Toxocariasis. Infeksi dan Penyakit Menular. http://medicastore.com/penyakit/220/ Toksokariasis.html.
Mackie, K. G., Menzies, P. I., Bateman, K. G., & Gordon, J. L. (2019). Efficacy of fenbendazole and ivermectin in treating gastrointestinal nematode infections in an Ontario cow-calf herd. The Canadian veterinary journal= La revue veterinaire canadienne, 60(11), 1213-1219.
Paschal JC (2017) Some thoughts on body condition scoring of cows. Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A & M University. https://animalscience.tamu.edu/2017/08/08/some-thoughts-on-body-condition-scoring-of-cows/ Diakses pada 25 Agustus 2020.
Rahman MAM dan Ashmawy WRE. 2013. Toxocara vitulorum in faeces, serum and milk of buffaloes in giza governorate. International Journal of Livestock Research, 3 (2): 89-99.
Raguvaran R, Mondal D.B, Jithin M.V and Kumar B. 2017. Therapeutic Management of Toxocara Vitulorum in Buffalo Calf - A Case Report. TY - JOUR. Vol 6 No 1, p 0-0.
Rast L., Lee S., Nampanya S., Toribio JA., Khounsy S., Windsor P. (2013). Prevalence and clinical impact of Toxocara vitulorum in cattle and buffalo calves in northern Lao PDR. Tropical Animal Health and Production 45, 539-546.
Rast. 2014. Toxocara vitulorum & Fasciola gigantica in Cattle and Buffalo in Northern Laos.
Raza MA et al. 2013. Toxocara vitulorum infestation and associated risk factors in cattle and buffalo at multan district, pakistan. Sci.Int(Lahore), 25 (2): 291-294.
Raut S, Sahu RK, Mahalik A (2016) Toxocara infestation in a suckling buffalo calf: a case report. Sch J Agric Vet Sci 3(2):123125
Roberts JA. 1990. The Egg Production of Toxocara Vitulorum in Asian Buffalo (bubalus bubalis). Vet. Parasitol, 37: 113-120.
Roberts, J.A. 1993. Toxocara vitulorum in ruminants. Helminthological Abstracts 62, 151174.
Saudah S, Norhamizah AH, Fazly Ann ZA (2012) Identification of Toxocara vitulorum eggs in a Calf. Malays J Vet Res, 3(2):71–74
Starke-Buzetti, W.A., 2006. Toxocara vitulorum in Livestock. Toxocara: The Enigmatic Parasite, 260-277.
Steen LVD et al. 2014. Intestinal Obstruction by Toxocara Vitulorum. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium. Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift, Case Report 83.
Strube, C, Heuer, L, Janecek, E, 2013: Toxocara spp. infections in paratenic hosts. Vet. Parasitol.193:375-89.
Subronto. 2006. Infeksi Parasit pada Hewan Ternak Sapi. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Subronto, Kanisius. 2008. Ilmu penyakit ternak 1-b. Ed. Ke-3. Gadjah Mada University Press.
Syarif A, dan Elysabeth. 2012. Farmakologi dan Terapi. Edisi ke-5. Jakarta: Badan Penerbit FK UI. 11:541-50.
Taylor MA, Coop RL dan Wall RL. 2016. Veterinary Parasitology, 4th Edition. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Limited, UK.
Tamire M dan Bedore B. 2019. Study on prevalence of toxocara vitulorum in bovine of senkale faris peasant association of ambo districts, west shewa zone, ethiopia. American Jurnal of Epidemiology and Public Health, 3 (1): 001-006.
Trisunuwati, P., T. Cornelisen and Nasich. 1991. A Parasitological Study on the Impact of Nematodes on the Production of Livestock on the Limenstone Area of South Malang. Interdiciplinary. Res. J. Landbouw Agric, Univ. Wageningen. The Netherlands.
Yudha dan Haddi Wisnu. 2014. Identifikasi dan Program Pengendalian toxocara vitulorum pada Ternak Ruminansia Besar. Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Warren, E. G. (1971). Observations on the migration and development of Toxocara vitulorum in natural and experimental hosts. International Journal for Parasitology, 1(1), 85-99.
Woodbury, M. R., Wagner, B., Ben-Ezra, E., Douma, D., & Wilkins, W. (2014). A survey to detect Toxocara vitulorum and other gastrointestinal parasites in bison (Bison bison) herds from Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 55(9), 870.
Wickramasinghe S, Yatawara L, Rajapakse RPVJ, Agatsuma T (2009) Toxocara vitulorum (Ascaridida: Nematoda): Mitochondrial gene content, arrangement and composition compared with other Toxocara species. Mol Biochem Parasitol, 166:8992.
Winarso A, Satrija F dan Ridwan Y. 2015. Faktor Risiko dan Prevalensi Infeksi Toxocara Vitulorum pada Sapi Potong di Kecamatan Kasiman, Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 20 (2): 85-90.
Winarso A. 2019. Resistensi anthelmintika: perspektif peternakan lahan kering nusa tenggara timur. Prosiding Seminar Nasional VII Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Nusa Cendana :107114.
Wirdahayati RB. 2010. Penerapan Teknologi Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Produktivitas Sapi Potong di Nusa Tenggara Timur. Wartozoa, 20 (1): 12-20.
Ziegler MA dan Macpherson CNL. 2019. Toxocara and its species. CAB International, 14 (53): 1-27.
Agustina K.K, Dharmayudha A.A.G.O dan Wirata I.W. 2013. Prevalensi Toxocara Vitulorum pada Induk dan Pedet Sapi Bali di Wilayah Bali Timur. Buletin Veteriner Udayana, ISSN: 2085-2495.
Astiti NMAGR. 2018. Sapi Bali dan Pemasarannya. Warmadewa University Press, ISBN: 978-602-1582-36-7.
Audu, Z., & Abalaka, S. E. 2019. Toxocara vitulorum intestinal impaction in male White Fulani calves: a case report from Nigeria. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 43(4), 597-600.
Aydin A, Goz Y, Yuksek N dan Ayaz E. 2006. Prevalence of toxocara vitulorum in hakepala keluargaari eastern region of turkey. Bull Vet Inst Pulway, 50: 51-54
Banerjee DP, AK Barman Roy dan PK Sanyal. 1983. Public Health Significance of Neoascaris Vitulorum Larvae In Buffalo Milk Samples. J. Parasitol, 69: 1124.
Chelladurai, J. J., Bader, C., Snobl, T., Magstadt, D., Cooper, V., & Brewer, M. T. (2015). Toxocara vitulorum infection in a cohort of beef calves in Iowa. Veterinary parasitology, 214(1-2), 96-99.
Da Silva, D. G., Santana, A. M., Pizauro, L. J. L., Bernardes, P. A., Clemente, V., Silveira, C. R. A., ... & Fagliari, J. J. (2015). Toxocara vitulorum em bezerros bubalinos neonatos. INVESTIGAÇÃO, 14(6).
Das et al (2018) Therapeutic Efficacy of Anthelmintics in Management of Toxocara Vitulorum Infection in Calves. International jurnals of chemichal studies ;6(3): 2799-2802.
Das, K.M. and Singh, G.B. (1955) Calf ascariasis in India. A 9 year survey with special reference to Hetrazan. British Veterinary Journal 111, 342347.
Davila, Gabriel, Max Irsik, and Ellis C. Greiner. "Toxocara vitulorum in beef calves in North Central Florida." Veterinary Parasitology 168.3-4 (2010): 261-263.
Direktorat Kesehatan Hewan, 2014. Manual Penyakit Hewan Mamalia. Direktorat Kesehatan Hewan, Direktorat Jenderal Petemakan, Departemen Pertanian. Jakarta.
Dorny et al. 2015. Prevalence and associated risk factors of Toxocara vitulorum infections in buffalo and cattle calves in three provinces of central Cambodia. The Korean Journal of Parasitology, 53.2: 197.
Dewair A, Bessat M. 2020. Molecular and microscopic detection of natural and experimental infections of Toxocara vitulorum in bovine milk. PloS one 15(5): e0233453.
El Shanawany EE, Hassan SE, Abdel-Rahman AAH, Abdel-Rahman EH (2019) Toxocara vitulorum cuticle glycoproteins in the diagnosis of calves toxocariasis, Veterinary World, 12(2): 288-294.
Elni, Praptiwi I. I dan Lesik MMNN, Evaluasi Sifat AntiParasit terhadap Daun Mayana (Solenostemon Scutellarioides). Musamus Journal of Livestock Science. ISSN : 2685-3558
Enyenihi, U.K. (1969) Pathogenicity of Neoascaris vitulorum infections in calves. Bulletin of Epizootic Diseases of Africa 17, 171178.
Estuningsih, S. E. (2005). Toxocariasis pada hewan dan bahayanya pada manusia. J Wartazoa, 15(3), 136-142.
Gilleard JS. 2006. Understanding anthelmintic resistance: The need for genomics and genetics. International Journal for Parasitology. 36(12):12271239
Goossens, E., Dorny, P., Vervaecke, H., Roden, C., Vercammen, F., & Vercruysse, J. (2007). Toxocara vitulorum in American bison (Bison bison) calves. Veterinary Record, 160(16), 556.
Hafiz, A., N. A. Tufani, and D. M. Makhdoomi. 2010. Therapeutic efficacy of ivermectin, fenbendazole and albendazole against ascariasis in crossbred calves, Indian Journal of Field Veterinarians (The) 6.2.
Haryuningtyas D, dan Beriajaya. 2002. Metode deteksi resistensi terhadap antelmintik pada domba dan kambing. WARTAZOA. 12(2):7279.
Hendrix CM. 1995. Helminthic infections of the feline small and large intestines: diagnosis and treatment. Vet. Med. May, 456-472.
https://www.shs.co.id/home/detail/id/Panacur.20X.10.25X..20X.Oral.20X.Suspensi / diakses pada tanggal 01 September 2020
https://www.drugs.com/vet/panacur-cattle-dewormer-suspension-10.html / diakses pada tanggal 01 September 2020
Holland WG, TT Luong, LA Nguyen, TT Do dan J Vercruysee. 2000. The epidemiology of nematode and fluke infections in cattle in the red river delta in vietnam. Vet. Parasitol, 93: 141-147.
Holland CV dan Smith HV. 2006. Toxocara, The Engimatic Parasite CABI Publishing, 875 MA 02139. USA.
Kumar D, Bhat Z A, Kumar V, and Zargar M. I. 2011. A Short Movie on Artemisia Maritima Linn. International Journal of Research in Phytochemestry & Pharmachology, ISSN:2231-010X.
Medicastore. 2011. Toxocariasis. Infeksi dan Penyakit Menular. http://medicastore.com/penyakit/220/ Toksokariasis.html.
Mackie, K. G., Menzies, P. I., Bateman, K. G., & Gordon, J. L. (2019). Efficacy of fenbendazole and ivermectin in treating gastrointestinal nematode infections in an Ontario cow-calf herd. The Canadian veterinary journal= La revue veterinaire canadienne, 60(11), 1213-1219.
Paschal JC (2017) Some thoughts on body condition scoring of cows. Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A & M University. https://animalscience.tamu.edu/2017/08/08/some-thoughts-on-body-condition-scoring-of-cows/ Diakses pada 25 Agustus 2020.
Rahman MAM dan Ashmawy WRE. 2013. Toxocara vitulorum in faeces, serum and milk of buffaloes in giza governorate. International Journal of Livestock Research, 3 (2): 89-99.
Raguvaran R, Mondal D.B, Jithin M.V and Kumar B. 2017. Therapeutic Management of Toxocara Vitulorum in Buffalo Calf - A Case Report. TY - JOUR. Vol 6 No 1, p 0-0.
Rast L., Lee S., Nampanya S., Toribio JA., Khounsy S., Windsor P. (2013). Prevalence and clinical impact of Toxocara vitulorum in cattle and buffalo calves in northern Lao PDR. Tropical Animal Health and Production 45, 539-546.
Rast. 2014. Toxocara vitulorum & Fasciola gigantica in Cattle and Buffalo in Northern Laos.
Raza MA et al. 2013. Toxocara vitulorum infestation and associated risk factors in cattle and buffalo at multan district, pakistan. Sci.Int(Lahore), 25 (2): 291-294.
Raut S, Sahu RK, Mahalik A (2016) Toxocara infestation in a suckling buffalo calf: a case report. Sch J Agric Vet Sci 3(2):123125
Roberts JA. 1990. The Egg Production of Toxocara Vitulorum in Asian Buffalo (bubalus bubalis). Vet. Parasitol, 37: 113-120.
Roberts, J.A. 1993. Toxocara vitulorum in ruminants. Helminthological Abstracts 62, 151174.
Saudah S, Norhamizah AH, Fazly Ann ZA (2012) Identification of Toxocara vitulorum eggs in a Calf. Malays J Vet Res, 3(2):71–74
Starke-Buzetti, W.A., 2006. Toxocara vitulorum in Livestock. Toxocara: The Enigmatic Parasite, 260-277.
Steen LVD et al. 2014. Intestinal Obstruction by Toxocara Vitulorum. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium. Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift, Case Report 83.
Strube, C, Heuer, L, Janecek, E, 2013: Toxocara spp. infections in paratenic hosts. Vet. Parasitol.193:375-89.
Subronto. 2006. Infeksi Parasit pada Hewan Ternak Sapi. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Subronto, Kanisius. 2008. Ilmu penyakit ternak 1-b. Ed. Ke-3. Gadjah Mada University Press.
Syarif A, dan Elysabeth. 2012. Farmakologi dan Terapi. Edisi ke-5. Jakarta: Badan Penerbit FK UI. 11:541-50.
Taylor MA, Coop RL dan Wall RL. 2016. Veterinary Parasitology, 4th Edition. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Limited, UK.
Tamire M dan Bedore B. 2019. Study on prevalence of toxocara vitulorum in bovine of senkale faris peasant association of ambo districts, west shewa zone, ethiopia. American Jurnal of Epidemiology and Public Health, 3 (1): 001-006.
Trisunuwati, P., T. Cornelisen and Nasich. 1991. A Parasitological Study on the Impact of Nematodes on the Production of Livestock on the Limenstone Area of South Malang. Interdiciplinary. Res. J. Landbouw Agric, Univ. Wageningen. The Netherlands.
Yudha dan Haddi Wisnu. 2014. Identifikasi dan Program Pengendalian toxocara vitulorum pada Ternak Ruminansia Besar. Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Warren, E. G. (1971). Observations on the migration and development of Toxocara vitulorum in natural and experimental hosts. International Journal for Parasitology, 1(1), 85-99.
Woodbury, M. R., Wagner, B., Ben-Ezra, E., Douma, D., & Wilkins, W. (2014). A survey to detect Toxocara vitulorum and other gastrointestinal parasites in bison (Bison bison) herds from Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 55(9), 870.
Wickramasinghe S, Yatawara L, Rajapakse RPVJ, Agatsuma T (2009) Toxocara vitulorum (Ascaridida: Nematoda): Mitochondrial gene content, arrangement and composition compared with other Toxocara species. Mol Biochem Parasitol, 166:8992.
Winarso A, Satrija F dan Ridwan Y. 2015. Faktor Risiko dan Prevalensi Infeksi Toxocara Vitulorum pada Sapi Potong di Kecamatan Kasiman, Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 20 (2): 85-90.
Winarso A. 2019. Resistensi anthelmintika: perspektif peternakan lahan kering nusa tenggara timur. Prosiding Seminar Nasional VII Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Nusa Cendana :107114.
Wirdahayati RB. 2010. Penerapan Teknologi Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Produktivitas Sapi Potong di Nusa Tenggara Timur. Wartozoa, 20 (1): 12-20.
Ziegler MA dan Macpherson CNL. 2019. Toxocara and its species. CAB International, 14 (53): 1-27.
Published
2024-11-20
How to Cite
Ribeiro, E., Simarmata, Y., & Tophianong, T. (2024). Performans Klinis dan Pengobatan Pedet Sapi bali (Bos sondaicus) yang terinfeksi Toxocara vitulorum. Jurnal Veteriner Nusantara, 7(2), 298-312. https://doi.org/10.35508/jvn.v7i2.3466
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Copyright (c) 2024 Ezequiel N.D Ribeiro, Yohanes T R M R Simarmata, Tarsisius C Tophianong
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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