Literature Study Of Overview Of Castration Implementation In Pig
-
Mahani Willa(1*)
FKH Universitas Nusa Cendana
-
Tri Utami(2)
-
Tarsisius C Tophianong(3)
(*) Corresponding Author
Keywords:
Keyword: castration, castration technique, immunocastration, castration purpose, castration age of livestock pig
Abstract
Castration or orchiectomy is a surgical procedure performed on the testes, in
the form of taking or cutting the testicles from the body. The purpose of this study
was to determine the minimum age, castration technique and the advantages and
disadvantages of castration in pigs. This literature study was obtained from
searching and collecting various sources from Google Scholar by using the
Mendeley application. Based on the results of the study, castration in pigs is more
effective in cattle aged between 3-6 weeks of age because it affects growth, food
conversion coefficient and carcass quality, and also metabolic and growth rate. The
purpose of carrying out castration on pigs is to prevent unpleasant odors and tastes,
support efforts to fatten male animals, produce high quality meat and reduce
aggressive levels in male pigs. Castration techniques that can be used in pigs are
open castration and immunocastration. The most common castration technique for
pigs is the open castration technique or surgical castration technique. There is a new
castration technique called immunocastration, which is a castration technique that
involves injecting protein chemical compounds to induce the production of
antibodies to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). However, in this technique
none of the chemical products used are licensed in the European Union and the
consequences (consumer safety and animal welfare) have not been fully evaluated.
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References
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Aluwe M, Tuyttens F, Millet S. 2015. Pengalaman lapangan dengan pengebirian bedah
dengan anestesi, analgesia, imunokastrasi dan produksi seluruh babi jantan:
Performa, ciri karkas, dan prevalensi celengbabi. Satwa, 9: 500-508.
Angi AH, Satrija F, Lukman DW, Sudarwanto M, Sudarnika E. 2014. Profil peternakan
babi di kota kupang dan potensi penularan trichinellosis. Politeknik Pertanian
Negeri Kupang (POLITANI),Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan IPB. Jurnal Kajian
Veteriner, 2(2): 131-141.
Bernaddeta WIR, Warsono IU, Basna A. 2011. Pengembangan babi lokal di lahan
kelapa sawit (palm-pig) untuk menunjang ketahanan pangan spesifik lokal
Papua.
Burton J, Macdonald AA. 2008. Sus celebensis The IUCN red list of threatened species.
Version 2014.2. IUCN Global Species Programme Red List Unit [Internet].
[cited 24 November 2014]. Available from:http://www.iucnredlist.org/details
/41773/0.
Brewster V, Nevel A. 2013. Immunocastration with ImprovacTMreduces aggressive
and sexual behaviours in male pigs. ApplAnimBehav, 145(1):32-36.
Christiansen, J.P., 2004. [Svinehold - en grundbog] Pig rearing - a handbook.
Landbrugsforlaget, Aarhus, Denmark.
Dellmann HD, Wrobbel KL. 1992. Buku Teks Histologi Veteriner. Penerbit Universitas
Indonesia: Jakarta.
De Roest, K.; Montanari, C.; Fowler, T.; Baltussen, W. 2009. Efisiensi sumber daya
dan implikasi ekonomi alternatif untuk pengebirian bedah tanpa anestesi.
Satwa, 3: 1522–1531.
Ditjen PKH. 2020. Statistik Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan 2020. Direktorat
Jenderal Peternakan dan kesehatan Hewan. Kementan RI.
EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) 2004. Welfare aspects of the castration of
piglets. Sientific Report of the Scientific Panel for Animal Health and Welfare
on a request from the Commission related to welfare aspects of the castration
of piglets (http://www.efsa.europa.eu/EFSA/ScientificPanels/ahaw/efsa_
locale-1178620753812_Opinions5.htm). EFSA_ AHAW/04-087, Parma,Italy.
Fajar K. 2016. Upaya humane society international (HSI) dalam perlindungan hewan
anjing dan kucing di festival Yulin, China. eJournal ilmu hubungan
internasional, 6(6): 329-342.
Fabrega E, Velarde A, Cros J, Gispert M, Suárez P, Tibau J. 2010. Pengaruh vaksinasi
terhadap hormone pelepas gonadotropin, menggunakan Improvac®, pada
kinerja pertumbuhan, komposisi tubuh, perilaku dan protein fase akut.hidup.
Main ski,132: 53–59
32
Faranita OV. 2009. Kualitas Spermatozoa Pada Tikus Wistar Jantan Diabetes Melitus.
Doctoral dissertation, Medical faculty.
Fossum TW. 2007. Small Animal Surgery, 3rd Edition. St. Louis, Missouri:
MosbyElsevier.
Frandson RD. 1996. Anatomi dan Fisiologi Ternak Edisi Keempat. Gadjah Mada
University Press. Yogyakarta.
Frandson RD, Wilke WL, Fails AD. 2009. Anatomy And Physiology Of Farm
Animals.Wiley-Blackwell. Iowa.
Gan S. 1987. Farmakologi dan Terapi, Edisi 3. Bagian Farmakologi, Fakultas
Kedokteran, Universitas Indonesia.
Ganiswara. 1995. Farmakologi dan Terapi Edisi 4. Gaya Baru: Jakarta.
Gea M. 2009. Penampilan Ternak Babi Lokal Periode Grower dengan Penambahan
Biotetes”SOZOFM-4” dalam Ransum. Bogor (Indonesia): Institut Pertanian
Bogor.
Hanif A, Dharmawan MTT, Pangetsu AS. 2017. Solusi Menekan Ledakan Populasi
Kucing Lokal. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Harper, Allen. 2008. Castration of Pigs Bowel oedema (oedema disease). Diakses dari:
https://thepigsite.com/articles/castration-of-pigs
Hartatik T. 2013. Analisis Genetika Ternak Lokal. Yogyakarta (Indonesia): Universitas
Gadjah Mada Press.
Hartatik T, Soewandi BDP, Volkandari SD, Tabun AC, Sumadi. 2014. Identification
Genetics of Local Pigs, Landrace and Duroc based on Qualitative Analysis. In:
SUSTAIN. Yogyakarta (Indonesia): Gadjah Mada University.
Heinritzi K, Ritzmann M dan Otten W 2006a. Alternatif untuk pengebirian anak babi
menyusui, penentuan katekolamin dan penyembuhan luka setelah pengebirian
anak babi menyusui pada titik waktu yang berbeda (Alternativen zur Kastration
von Saugferkeln, Bestimmung von Katecholaminen sowie Wundheilung nach
Kastration von Saugferkeln zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten Üblichen).
Deutsche Tierärztliche Wochenschrift,113: 94–97.
Ibrahim R. 2000. Pengantar Ilmu Bedah Veteriner, Edisi Pertama. Darussalam Banda
Aceh: Syiah Kuala University Press.
Kawanishi K, Gumal M, Oliver W. 2008. Sus barbatus. The IUCN red list of threatened
species. Version 2014. IUCN Global Species Programme RedList Unit
[Internet]. [cited 24 November 2014]. Available from:http://www.iucnredlist.
org/details/41772/0.
Karaconji B, Lloyd B, Campbell N, Meaney D, Ahern T. 2015. Pengaruh vaksin faktor
pelepas anti-gonadotropin pada perilaku seksual dan agresif pada babi jantan
selama periode akhir di bawah kondisi lapangan Australia. Australia Dokter
hewan J, 93: 121–123.
Koing HE, Hans GL. 2007. Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals. Schattauer.
Germany.
33
Macdonald AA, Burton J, Leus K. 2008. Babyrousa babyrussa. The IUCN red list of
threatened species, Version 2014-2. IUCN Global Species ProgrammeRed List
Unit [Internet]. [cited 24 November 2014].
Martins PC, Albuquerque MD, Machado IP, Mesquita AA. 2013. Implicações da
imunocastraçãona nutrição de suínos dan nas características de carcaça.
Arch.Zoote, 62: 105–118.
Migdał W. et al., 2008. Kastracja Prosiąt W Europie. Trzoda Chlewna, 5: 88-93
Paschma J, Płonka S, Sabor M, Kołat S. 1989. Porównanie wyników tuczu knurków
ikastratow ubijanych przy różnej masie ciała. Rok. Nauk. Zoot, 16(1):143-153
Nugroho, Priyo C. 2008. Agribisnis Ternak Ruminansia Jilid 2. Macanan Jaya
Cemerlang: Klaten Utara.
Oliver W, Leus K. 2008. Sus scrofa. The IUCN red list of threatened species Version
2014 2 IUCN Global Species Programme Red List Unit [Internet]. [cited 24
November 2014]. Available from:http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/ 21174/0.
Pinna A, Schivazappa C, Virgili R, Parolari G. 2015. Pengaruh vaksinasi terhadap
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pada babi jantan berat untuk produksi
ham kering kering khas Italia. Ilmu Daging, 110: 153–159.
Prunier A, Bonneau M, von Borell EH, Cinotti S, Gunn M, Fredriksen B, 2006.
Tinjauan konsekuensi kesejahteraan dari pengebirian bedah pada anak babi dan
evaluasi metode non-bedah. Kesejahteraan Anim, 5(3):277–89.
Rothschild MF et al., 2011. The Genetics of the pig. 2nd ed. Rothschild MF, Ruvinsky
A, editors. London:CAB International.
Rydhmer L, Lundstrom K, Andersson K. 2010. Immunocastration reduces aggressive
and sexual behaviour in male pigs. Animal, 4(6): 965-972.
Semiadi G, Meijaard E, Oliver W. 2008. Sus verrucosus. The IUCN red list of
threatened species. Version 2014.2. IUCN Global Species Programme RedList
Unit [Internet]. [cited 24 November 2014]. Available
from:http://www.iucnredlist. org/details/21174/0.
Seseray DYS, Triatmojo S, Pertiwiningrum A. 2012. Pemanfaatan feses babi (Sus sp.)
sebagai sumber gas bio dengan penambahan ampas sagu (Metroxylon spp.)
pada taraf rasio C/N ratio. Buletin Peternakan, 36(3): 66-74.
Sheerwood L. 2009. Fisiologi Manusia Dari Sel Ke Sistem, Edisi Ke-IV. Jakarta : EGC.
Siagian PH. 1999. Manajemen Ternak Babi. Fakultas Peternakan Institut Pertanian
Bogor.
Siagian PH. 2014. Pig production in Indonesia. Animal Genetic Resources Knowledge
Bank in Taiwan Available from: http://www.angrin.tlri.gov. tw/English/2014
Swine/p175186.pdf.
Sihombing DTH. 1997. Ilmu Ternak Babi. UGM Press: Yogyakarta.
Sihombing DTH. 2006. Ilmu Ternak Babi. UGM Press: Yogyakarta.
Taylor AA, Weary DM, 2000. Vocal responses of piglets to castration: identifying
procedural sources of pain. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 70: 17-26.
Utomo S, Wahyuningsih V. 2010. Dosis campuran limbah sapi dengan limbah babi
terhadap produksi gas bio. Jurnal AgroSains, 1(8): 7-14.
34
Vanhonacker F, Verbeke W, Tuyttens. 2009. Sikap FAM Belgia terhadap pengebirian
bedah dan imunokastrasi anak babi. Animal Welf, 18: 371–380.
Yusuf M. 2012. Ilmu Reproduksi Ternak. Lembaga Kajian dan Pengembangan
Pendidikan Universitas Hasanuddin.
Zamaratskaia G, Rydhmer L, Andersson HK, Chen G, Lowagie S, Andersson K. 2008.
mEfek jangka panjang dari vaksinasi terhadap hormone pelepas gonadotropin,
menggunakan Improvac TM, pada profil hormonal dan perilaku babi jantan.
Anim Reprod Sci, 108(1–2): 37–48
KPPU terkait aspek kesejahteraan pengebirian anak babi. EFSA J, 91: 1–18.
Aluwe M, Tuyttens F, Millet S. 2015. Pengalaman lapangan dengan pengebirian bedah
dengan anestesi, analgesia, imunokastrasi dan produksi seluruh babi jantan:
Performa, ciri karkas, dan prevalensi celengbabi. Satwa, 9: 500-508.
Angi AH, Satrija F, Lukman DW, Sudarwanto M, Sudarnika E. 2014. Profil peternakan
babi di kota kupang dan potensi penularan trichinellosis. Politeknik Pertanian
Negeri Kupang (POLITANI),Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan IPB. Jurnal Kajian
Veteriner, 2(2): 131-141.
Bernaddeta WIR, Warsono IU, Basna A. 2011. Pengembangan babi lokal di lahan
kelapa sawit (palm-pig) untuk menunjang ketahanan pangan spesifik lokal
Papua.
Burton J, Macdonald AA. 2008. Sus celebensis The IUCN red list of threatened species.
Version 2014.2. IUCN Global Species Programme Red List Unit [Internet].
[cited 24 November 2014]. Available from:http://www.iucnredlist.org/details
/41773/0.
Brewster V, Nevel A. 2013. Immunocastration with ImprovacTMreduces aggressive
and sexual behaviours in male pigs. ApplAnimBehav, 145(1):32-36.
Christiansen, J.P., 2004. [Svinehold - en grundbog] Pig rearing - a handbook.
Landbrugsforlaget, Aarhus, Denmark.
Dellmann HD, Wrobbel KL. 1992. Buku Teks Histologi Veteriner. Penerbit Universitas
Indonesia: Jakarta.
De Roest, K.; Montanari, C.; Fowler, T.; Baltussen, W. 2009. Efisiensi sumber daya
dan implikasi ekonomi alternatif untuk pengebirian bedah tanpa anestesi.
Satwa, 3: 1522–1531.
Ditjen PKH. 2020. Statistik Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan 2020. Direktorat
Jenderal Peternakan dan kesehatan Hewan. Kementan RI.
EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) 2004. Welfare aspects of the castration of
piglets. Sientific Report of the Scientific Panel for Animal Health and Welfare
on a request from the Commission related to welfare aspects of the castration
of piglets (http://www.efsa.europa.eu/EFSA/ScientificPanels/ahaw/efsa_
locale-1178620753812_Opinions5.htm). EFSA_ AHAW/04-087, Parma,Italy.
Fajar K. 2016. Upaya humane society international (HSI) dalam perlindungan hewan
anjing dan kucing di festival Yulin, China. eJournal ilmu hubungan
internasional, 6(6): 329-342.
Fabrega E, Velarde A, Cros J, Gispert M, Suárez P, Tibau J. 2010. Pengaruh vaksinasi
terhadap hormone pelepas gonadotropin, menggunakan Improvac®, pada
kinerja pertumbuhan, komposisi tubuh, perilaku dan protein fase akut.hidup.
Main ski,132: 53–59
32
Faranita OV. 2009. Kualitas Spermatozoa Pada Tikus Wistar Jantan Diabetes Melitus.
Doctoral dissertation, Medical faculty.
Fossum TW. 2007. Small Animal Surgery, 3rd Edition. St. Louis, Missouri:
MosbyElsevier.
Frandson RD. 1996. Anatomi dan Fisiologi Ternak Edisi Keempat. Gadjah Mada
University Press. Yogyakarta.
Frandson RD, Wilke WL, Fails AD. 2009. Anatomy And Physiology Of Farm
Animals.Wiley-Blackwell. Iowa.
Gan S. 1987. Farmakologi dan Terapi, Edisi 3. Bagian Farmakologi, Fakultas
Kedokteran, Universitas Indonesia.
Ganiswara. 1995. Farmakologi dan Terapi Edisi 4. Gaya Baru: Jakarta.
Gea M. 2009. Penampilan Ternak Babi Lokal Periode Grower dengan Penambahan
Biotetes”SOZOFM-4” dalam Ransum. Bogor (Indonesia): Institut Pertanian
Bogor.
Hanif A, Dharmawan MTT, Pangetsu AS. 2017. Solusi Menekan Ledakan Populasi
Kucing Lokal. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Harper, Allen. 2008. Castration of Pigs Bowel oedema (oedema disease). Diakses dari:
https://thepigsite.com/articles/castration-of-pigs
Hartatik T. 2013. Analisis Genetika Ternak Lokal. Yogyakarta (Indonesia): Universitas
Gadjah Mada Press.
Hartatik T, Soewandi BDP, Volkandari SD, Tabun AC, Sumadi. 2014. Identification
Genetics of Local Pigs, Landrace and Duroc based on Qualitative Analysis. In:
SUSTAIN. Yogyakarta (Indonesia): Gadjah Mada University.
Heinritzi K, Ritzmann M dan Otten W 2006a. Alternatif untuk pengebirian anak babi
menyusui, penentuan katekolamin dan penyembuhan luka setelah pengebirian
anak babi menyusui pada titik waktu yang berbeda (Alternativen zur Kastration
von Saugferkeln, Bestimmung von Katecholaminen sowie Wundheilung nach
Kastration von Saugferkeln zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten Üblichen).
Deutsche Tierärztliche Wochenschrift,113: 94–97.
Ibrahim R. 2000. Pengantar Ilmu Bedah Veteriner, Edisi Pertama. Darussalam Banda
Aceh: Syiah Kuala University Press.
Kawanishi K, Gumal M, Oliver W. 2008. Sus barbatus. The IUCN red list of threatened
species. Version 2014. IUCN Global Species Programme RedList Unit
[Internet]. [cited 24 November 2014]. Available from:http://www.iucnredlist.
org/details/41772/0.
Karaconji B, Lloyd B, Campbell N, Meaney D, Ahern T. 2015. Pengaruh vaksin faktor
pelepas anti-gonadotropin pada perilaku seksual dan agresif pada babi jantan
selama periode akhir di bawah kondisi lapangan Australia. Australia Dokter
hewan J, 93: 121–123.
Koing HE, Hans GL. 2007. Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals. Schattauer.
Germany.
33
Macdonald AA, Burton J, Leus K. 2008. Babyrousa babyrussa. The IUCN red list of
threatened species, Version 2014-2. IUCN Global Species ProgrammeRed List
Unit [Internet]. [cited 24 November 2014].
Martins PC, Albuquerque MD, Machado IP, Mesquita AA. 2013. Implicações da
imunocastraçãona nutrição de suínos dan nas características de carcaça.
Arch.Zoote, 62: 105–118.
Migdał W. et al., 2008. Kastracja Prosiąt W Europie. Trzoda Chlewna, 5: 88-93
Paschma J, Płonka S, Sabor M, Kołat S. 1989. Porównanie wyników tuczu knurków
ikastratow ubijanych przy różnej masie ciała. Rok. Nauk. Zoot, 16(1):143-153
Nugroho, Priyo C. 2008. Agribisnis Ternak Ruminansia Jilid 2. Macanan Jaya
Cemerlang: Klaten Utara.
Oliver W, Leus K. 2008. Sus scrofa. The IUCN red list of threatened species Version
2014 2 IUCN Global Species Programme Red List Unit [Internet]. [cited 24
November 2014]. Available from:http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/ 21174/0.
Pinna A, Schivazappa C, Virgili R, Parolari G. 2015. Pengaruh vaksinasi terhadap
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pada babi jantan berat untuk produksi
ham kering kering khas Italia. Ilmu Daging, 110: 153–159.
Prunier A, Bonneau M, von Borell EH, Cinotti S, Gunn M, Fredriksen B, 2006.
Tinjauan konsekuensi kesejahteraan dari pengebirian bedah pada anak babi dan
evaluasi metode non-bedah. Kesejahteraan Anim, 5(3):277–89.
Rothschild MF et al., 2011. The Genetics of the pig. 2nd ed. Rothschild MF, Ruvinsky
A, editors. London:CAB International.
Rydhmer L, Lundstrom K, Andersson K. 2010. Immunocastration reduces aggressive
and sexual behaviour in male pigs. Animal, 4(6): 965-972.
Semiadi G, Meijaard E, Oliver W. 2008. Sus verrucosus. The IUCN red list of
threatened species. Version 2014.2. IUCN Global Species Programme RedList
Unit [Internet]. [cited 24 November 2014]. Available
from:http://www.iucnredlist. org/details/21174/0.
Seseray DYS, Triatmojo S, Pertiwiningrum A. 2012. Pemanfaatan feses babi (Sus sp.)
sebagai sumber gas bio dengan penambahan ampas sagu (Metroxylon spp.)
pada taraf rasio C/N ratio. Buletin Peternakan, 36(3): 66-74.
Sheerwood L. 2009. Fisiologi Manusia Dari Sel Ke Sistem, Edisi Ke-IV. Jakarta : EGC.
Siagian PH. 1999. Manajemen Ternak Babi. Fakultas Peternakan Institut Pertanian
Bogor.
Siagian PH. 2014. Pig production in Indonesia. Animal Genetic Resources Knowledge
Bank in Taiwan Available from: http://www.angrin.tlri.gov. tw/English/2014
Swine/p175186.pdf.
Sihombing DTH. 1997. Ilmu Ternak Babi. UGM Press: Yogyakarta.
Sihombing DTH. 2006. Ilmu Ternak Babi. UGM Press: Yogyakarta.
Taylor AA, Weary DM, 2000. Vocal responses of piglets to castration: identifying
procedural sources of pain. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 70: 17-26.
Utomo S, Wahyuningsih V. 2010. Dosis campuran limbah sapi dengan limbah babi
terhadap produksi gas bio. Jurnal AgroSains, 1(8): 7-14.
34
Vanhonacker F, Verbeke W, Tuyttens. 2009. Sikap FAM Belgia terhadap pengebirian
bedah dan imunokastrasi anak babi. Animal Welf, 18: 371–380.
Yusuf M. 2012. Ilmu Reproduksi Ternak. Lembaga Kajian dan Pengembangan
Pendidikan Universitas Hasanuddin.
Zamaratskaia G, Rydhmer L, Andersson HK, Chen G, Lowagie S, Andersson K. 2008.
mEfek jangka panjang dari vaksinasi terhadap hormone pelepas gonadotropin,
menggunakan Improvac TM, pada profil hormonal dan perilaku babi jantan.
Anim Reprod Sci, 108(1–2): 37–48
Published
2022-12-18
How to Cite
Willa, M., Utami, T., & Tophianong, T. (2022). Literature Study Of Overview Of Castration Implementation In Pig. Jurnal Veteriner Nusantara, 5(2), 141-148. https://doi.org/10.35508/jvn.v5i2.7294
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Articles
Copyright (c) 2022 Mahani Willa, Tri Utami, Tarsisius C Tophianong
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