Evaluation of Antibacterial Potential of Lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) Peel Extract Cream againts Staphylococcus epidermidis
Evaluasi Potensi Antibakteri Sediaan Krim Ekstrak Kulit Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantiifolia) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus Epidermidis
-
Stephannie Felicia Go(1*)
Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter
-
Prisca Deviani Pakan(2)
Universitas Nusa Cendana
-
Kristian Ratu(3)
-
Magdarita Riwu(4)
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Background: Acne vulgaris is a common chronic skin disease. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a bacterium commonly found in acne lesions. The increased and irrational use of antibiotics can result in antibiotic resistance. One part of the plant that can be utilized is lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) peel. In its application, lime peel extract requires a drug preparation form that can provide optimal effects on the skin, such as a cream.
Objectives: To determine the antibacterial potential of lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) peel extract cream against Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Methods: This study was a true experimental type with a Post-Test Only Control Group Design. This research consisted of treatment groups given lime peel extract cream at concentrations of 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, negative control group, and positive control group. The antibacterial test method was performed using disc diffusion method. One-way ANOVA test was used for analysis.
Results: Lime peel extract cream has antibacterial potential against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria with a resulting inhibition zone at a concentration of 75% is strong, while other concentrations did not produce any inhibition zones.
Conclusion: Lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) peel extract formulation in cream preparation has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Downloads
References
2. National Library of Medicine. Skin Infections [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2023 Apr 22]. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/skininfections.html
3. Sibero HT, Sirajudin A, Anggraini D. Prevalensi dan Gambaran Epidemiologi Akne Vulgaris di Provinsi Lampung The Prevalence and Epidemiology of Acne Vulgaris in Lampung. J Farm Komunitas [Internet]. 2019;3(2):62–8. Available from: https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JFK/article/view/21922
4. Zaenglein AL, Pathy AL, Schlosser BJ, Alikhan A, Baldwin HE, Berson DS, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol [Internet]. 2016;74(5):945-973.e33. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2015.12.037
5. Tan JKL, Bhate K. A global perspective on the epidemiology of acne. Br J Dermatol [Internet]. 2015;172(S1):3–12. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/bjd/article-abstract/172/S1/3/6615714?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=false
6. Wang Y, Xiao SX, Ren JW, Zhang YF. Analysis of the epidemiological burden of acne vulgaris in China based on the data of global burden of disease 2019. Front Med. 2022;9(October):1–8.
7. Suh DH, Kwon HH. What’s new in the physiopathology of acne? Br J Dermatol. 2015;172(S1):13–9.
8. Dréno B. What is new in the pathophysiology of acne, an overview. J Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol. 2017;31:8–12.
9. Claudel JP, Auffret N, Leccia MT, Poli F, Corvec S, Dréno B. Staphylococcus epidermidis: A Potential New Player in the Physiopathology of Acne? Dermatology. 2019;235(4):287–94.
10. Sitohang IBS, Fathan H, Effendi E, Wahid M. The susceptibility of pathogens associated with acne vulgaris to antibiotics. Med J Indones. 2019;28(1):21–7.
11. Jusuf NK, Putra IB, Sari L. Differences of microbiomes found in non-inflammatory and inflammatory lesions of acne vulgaris. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2020;13:773–80.
12. Palmer A. Topical Antibiotics for Acne [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2022 Apr 23]. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/topical-antibiotics-15622
13. Ahmad Yusof, Hanafi H. Antibiotic Susceptibility of Staphylococcus epidermidis among Undergraduate Students in Malaysia Public University Health Campus. Med Health. 2020;15(1):166–76.
14. Tafonao TO. Formulasi dan uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol kulit jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.)Swingle) dalam sediaan deodoran terhadap Staphylacoccus Epidermis [Internet]. Skripsi. 2019. 1–67 p. Available from: http://repository.helvetia.ac.id/id/eprint/2722
15. Ashfia F, Adriane FY, Sari DP, Rusmini R. Formulasi Dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Footspray Anti Bau Kaki Yang Mengandung Ekstak Kulit Jeruk Nipis Dan Ampas Kopi. Indones Chem Appl J. 2019;3(1):28.
16. Wardani R, Jekti DSD, Sedijani P. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kulit Buah Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Isolat Klinis. J Penelit Pendidik IPA. 2018;5(1).
17. Simanjuntak HA, Gurning K. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Dari Sediaan Krim Ekstrak Etanol Herba Tumbuhan Balsem (Polygala paniculata L.) Terhadap Bakteri Propionebacterium acnes Penyebab Jerawat. 2020;
18. Ismiyati N, Harun Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan JB, Setya Medika B, Harun JB. Formulasi Krim Anti Jerawat Ekstrak Etanol Daun Alpukat Dan Efektivitasnya Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. 2016;1–8.
19. Aprilia S, Yanti W. Pemanfaatan Kulit Jeruk Nipis Sebagai Alternatif. Pemanfaat Kulit Jeruk Nipis Sebagai Altern Hand Sanitize. 2019;(Rukmana 2003):227–32.
20. Ulfa AM, Marcellia S, Rositasari E. Efektivitas Formulasi Krim Ekstrak Kulit Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia- Pericappium) Sebagai Pengobatan Luka Sayat Stadium Ii Pada Tikus Putih (Rattus novergicus) Galur Wistar. J Farm Malahayati. 2020;3(1):42–52.
21. Elmitra. Dasar - Dasar Farmasetika Dan Sediaan Semi Solid [Internet]. Yogyakarta: Deepublish; 2017. 116–136 p. Available from: https://www.scribd.com/document/567029560/Dasar-Dasar-Farmasetika-Dan-Sediaan-Semi-Solid-1#
22. Sawant A, Kamath S, Kg H, Kulyadi GP. Solid-in-Oil-in-Water Emulsion: An Innovative Paradigm to Improve Drug Stability and Biological Activity. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2021;22(5).
23. Ali SM, Yosipovitch G. Skin pH: From basic science to basic skin care. Acta Derm Venereol. 2013;93(3):261–7.
24. Fernandes FA, Heleno SA, Pinela J, Carocho M, Prieto MA, Ferreira ICFR, et al. Recovery of Citric Acid from Citrus Peels: Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Optimized by Response Surface Methodology. Chemosensors. 2022;10(7):1–11.
25. Girsang GE, Rini DI, Woda RR. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jambu Bakteri Escherichia Coli. 2019;450–5.
26. Yamaguchi Y, Atsuta K. Isolasi Dan Identifikasi Minyak Atsiri Dari Minyak Cengkeh. Isolasi Dan Identifikasi Miny Atsiri Dari Miny Cengkeh [Internet]. 2013;84:487–92. Available from: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/3933
27. Maharani IR. Uji Disolusi Terbanding Tablet Floating Metformin HCl. Skripsi. 2017;4–6.
28. Tran HH, Nguyen TH, Tran TT, Vu HD, Nguyen HMT. Structures, Electronic Properties, and Interactions of Cetyl Alcohol with Cetomacrogol and Water: Insights from Quantum Chemical Calculations and Experimental Investigations. ACS Omega. 2021;6(32):20975–83.
Copyright (c) 2025 Cendana Medical Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright Notice
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
