IDENTIFIKASI JAMUR PASCAPANEN PADA BUAH TOMAT YANG DIJUAL DI BEBERAPA PASAR TRADISIONAL DI KUPANG

Abstrak

The attack of pathogenic fungi on fruits and vegetables is one of the fundamental problems that cause low postharvest production in Indonesia. Tomato fruit is an agricultural product easily damaged and susceptible to mechanical, physiological, and pathological damage if postharvest handling is not carried out correctly. This situation causes tomatoes to be easily contaminated by pathogenic fungi. The research conducted from March to May 2018 aims to identify fungi associated with tomatoes sold in several traditional markets in Kupang City and Kupang Regency. Sampling was carried out at the location of tomato fruit traders in four traditional markets in Kupang, namely the Penfui market, the Oeba market, the Naikoten Inpres market, and the Oesao market. The research method used is a survey method in the field and experiments in the laboratory. Samples of diseased tomatoes were put into sample plastics, labeled, and taken to the laboratory for further observation and identification of pathogens macroscopically and microscopically.

Macroscopic observations were carried out to observe the color and shape of the colonies, as well as the growth rate in Petri dishes. Microscopic observations were made to observe the hyphae, conidia, conidiophore shape and size, and other fruiting bodies. Data on symptoms and signs of pathogens in tomato fruit and identifying pathogens were analyzed descriptively and presented in images compared with the relevant literature. The results showed seven species of postharvest fungi associated with tomatoes in the market: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus wentii, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Mucor circinelloides, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium lanosum.