EVALUASI KOMPOSISI SERAT KASAR DAN KECERNAAN RUMEN IN VITRO TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT TEKNOLOGI AMONIASI FERMENTASI DENGAN EM-4 DAN CAIRAN RUMEN SAPI (Evaluation of crude fiber composition and in vitro rumen digestibility of empty palm bunches.....)
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Erma Julianti(1)
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Rakhmad Perkasa Harahap(2*)
Program Studi Peternakan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Tanjungpura
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Yeti Rohayeti(3)
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Empty oil palm fruit bunches (OPEFB) have the potential as ruminant livestock feed, but their quality needs to be improved. This study evaluated the effectiveness of fermentation ammonia technology with EM-4 and cattle rumen fluid in improving the nutritional quality and digestibility of OPEFB in vitro. The study used a randomized block design (RBD) with four treatments and six replications: P0 (2 kg OPEFB), P1 (2 kg OPEFB + 40 g urea + 60 ml molasses), P2 (2 kg OPEFB + 40 g urea + 60 ml molasses + 60 ml EM-4), and P3 (2 kg OPEFB + 40 g urea + 60 ml molasses + 60 ml cattle rumen fluid). Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the content of crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and hemicellulose. Dry matter digestibility (DMDi) and organic matter digestibility (OMDi) were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan's test at the 5% level. The results showed that the P2 treatment decreased the content of CF, NDF, ADF, and hemicellulose descriptively. The decrease in fiber components in treatments P1, P2, and P3 compared to the control (P0) showed the effectiveness of fermentation ammoniation in improving feed quality. Treatment P2 significantly increased DMDi and OMDi in vitro compared to other treatments (P<0.05). Treatments P1 and P3 also increased digestibility compared to P0, although not as high as P2. In conclusion, fermentation ammoniation technology with EM-4 and rumen fluid in OPEFB can decrease the content of CF, NDF, ADF, and hemicellulose, and increase DFM and OMF compared to the control.
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References
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Prakasa NU. 2021. Evaluasi nutrisi pelepah daun kelapa sawit dengan beberapa teknik pengolahan sebagai pakan ternak ruminansia. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 6(3): 108–116. https://doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v6i3.17539
Prastyawan RM, Tampoebolon BIM, Surono, S. 2012. Peningkatan kualitas tongkol jagung melalui teknologi amoniasi fermentasi (amofer) terhadap kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik serta protein total secara in vitro. Animal Agriculture Journal 1(1): 611–621.
Rahman FR, Sutrisna R, Fathul F, Liman L. 2023. Pengaruh pengolahan kimia dan biologis pada kelobot jagung terhadap kandungan ADF dan NDF. Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Peternakan 7(2): 244–250 https://doi.org/10.23960/jrip.2023.7.2.244-250
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Sarwar M, Khan MA, Mahr-un-Nisa. 2003. Nitrogen retention and chemical composition of urea treated wheat straw ensiled with organic acids or fermentable carbohydrates. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 16(11): 1583–1592. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2003.1583
Simanjuntak S, Yunilas, Tafsin M. 2015. Fermentasi hasil samping industri dan perkebunan kelapa sawit dengan probiotik lokal terhadap performans domba. Jurnal Peternakan Integratif 4(1): 83–95. https://doi.org/10.32734/jpi.v4i1.2784
Steel, RGD, Torrie JH. 1989. Principles and procedures of statistics. Approach. 2nd ed. Mc Graw Hill International Book Company.
Tilley J, Terry R. 1963. A two-stage technique for in vitro digestion of forage crops. Journal of the British Grassland Society 18(1): 104–111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365- 2494.1963.tb00335.x.
Usman Y. 2013. Pemberian pakan serat sisa tanaman pertanian (jerami kacang tanah, jerami jagung, pucuk tebu) terhadap evolusi ph, n-nh3 dan vfa di dalam rumen sapi. Jurnal Agripet 13(2): 53–58. https://doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v13i2.821
Van Soest P, Robertson J, Lewis B. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74(10):3583-3597. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022- 0302(91)78551-2.
Yuliana R, Bain A, Napirah A. 2022. Komposisi kimia kulit kacang tanah (Arachis hypogea) terfermentasi dengan effective microorganism (EM-4) dan ragi tempe (Rhizopus sp.) sebagai bahan pakan ternak ruminansia. Jurnal Ilmiah Peternakan Halu Oleo 4(1): 41–45. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.56625/jipho.v4i1.23543
Zubaidah A, Prasetyo D, Handajani H, Rohmah SP, Puspita DA. 2019. Screening bakteri selulolitik dan amilolitik pada rumen sapi sebagai kandidat probiotik pada budidaya ikan secara in vitro. Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 14(4): 261–271. https://doi.org/10.15578/jra.14.4.2019.261-271.
Amam, Harsita PA. 2021. Profil usaha peternakan sapi potong rakyat. Jami: Jurnal Ahli Muda Indonesia, 2(1): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.46510/jami.v2i1.53
AOAC. 2005. Official methods of analysis of aoac international 20th edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Inc.
Belanche A, Martín-García AI, Jiménez E, Jonsson NN, Yáñez-Ruíz DR. 2021. A novel ammoniation treatment of barley as a strategy to optimize rumen ph, feed degradability and microbial protein synthesis in sheep. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 101(13): 5541–5549. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.11205
Dewi YL, Ismail A, Akramullah M, Bouk G, Kamlasi Y, Sinabang MK, Soares DCDC. 2022. Effect of corn waste fermentation as livestock feed on fiber fraction content. International Journal of Environment Agriculture and Biotechnology 7(6): 108–112. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.76.12
Fitria R, Luthfi SAC, Hindratiningrum N. 2023. Nutritional quality of amofer (ammonia fermentation) corn straw using EM4 and M21 decomposer. Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi Peternakan 5(1): 18–24. https://doi.org/10.31605/jstp.v5i1.3160
Harahap RP, Jayanegara A, Nahrowi, Fakhri S. 2018. Evaluation of oil palm fronds using fiber cracking technology combined with Indigofera sp. in ruminant ration by Rusitec. AIP Conference Proceedings, 050008 (1-6). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5062758
Hasdarini M, Nurcahyo H. 2023. Pengaruh penggunaan teknologi amoniasi fermentasi (amofer) terhadap perubahan fisik dan nutrien daun kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis). Kingdom (The Journal of Biological Studies) 9(1): 35–44. https://doi.org/10.21831/kingdom.v9i1.18188
Hernaman I, Tarmidi AR, Dhalika T. 2017. In vitro digestibility of rice straw-based rations of dairy cows containing fermented concentrate by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and effective microorganisms-4 (EM-4). Buletin Peternakan 41(4): 407. https://doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v41i4.24737
Hilmi M, Prastujati AU. 2020. Optimasi molase dan tibicos sebagai media fermentasi dalam memproduksi nutraceutical feed additive menggunakan response surface methodology (RSM). Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis 7(1): 1. https://doi.org/10.33772/jitro.v7i1.8441
Iqbal Z, Usman Y, Wajizah S. 2016. Evaluasi kualitas jerami padi fermentasi dengan tingkat penggunaan EM-4 yang berbeda. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 1(1): 655–664. https://doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v1i1.1135
Jayanegara A, Ardhisty NF, Dewi SP, Antonius, Ridwan R, Laconi EB, Nahrowi, Ridla M. 2019. Enhancing nutritional qualityof oil palm empty fruit bunch for animal feed by using fiber cracking technology. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 7(3): 157–163. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.aavs/2019/7.3.157.163
Koni T, Bulu H, Badewi B. 2022. Kecernaan in vitro kulit kacang tanah (arachis hypogaea l.) yang difermentasi cairan rumen kambing. Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Dan Veteriner Tropis 12(1): 92–98. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46549/jipvet.v12i1.280
Matthews C, Crispie F, Lewis E, Reid M, O’Toole P, Cotter P. 2018. The rumen microbiome: a crucial consideration when optimising milk and meat production and nitrogen utilisation efficiency. Gut Microbes 10(2): 115–132. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2018.1505176
Morais LF de, Almeida JC de C, Nepomuceno D de D, Freitas RSX de, Melo BMG de, Silva JF M. 2020. Nutritive value of elephant grass hay ammoniated by urea. Bioscience Journal 36(5). https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v36n5a2020-41135
Pangentasari D, Setiawati M, Utomo NBP, Sunarno MTD. 2019. Komposisi dan nilai kecernaan nutrien tepung daun tarum (Indigofera zollingeriana) yang difermentasi dengan cairan rumen domba pada benih ikan jelawat leptobarbus hoevenii (Bleeker, 1851). Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia 18(2); 165. https://doi.org/10.32491/jii.v18i2.314
Peni S, Hendrisaan, Croom. 1998. Kimia Organik I. ITB Press.
Prakasa NU. 2021. Evaluasi nutrisi pelepah daun kelapa sawit dengan beberapa teknik pengolahan sebagai pakan ternak ruminansia. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 6(3): 108–116. https://doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v6i3.17539
Prastyawan RM, Tampoebolon BIM, Surono, S. 2012. Peningkatan kualitas tongkol jagung melalui teknologi amoniasi fermentasi (amofer) terhadap kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik serta protein total secara in vitro. Animal Agriculture Journal 1(1): 611–621.
Rahman FR, Sutrisna R, Fathul F, Liman L. 2023. Pengaruh pengolahan kimia dan biologis pada kelobot jagung terhadap kandungan ADF dan NDF. Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Peternakan 7(2): 244–250 https://doi.org/10.23960/jrip.2023.7.2.244-250
Sa’o MT, Foenay TAY, Koni TNI. 2021. Kandungan nutrien kulit pisang kepok (Musa paradisiaca) yang difermentasi dengan cairan rumen kambing. Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Terapan 4(2): 78–83.
Sarwar M, Khan MA, Mahr-un-Nisa. 2003. Nitrogen retention and chemical composition of urea treated wheat straw ensiled with organic acids or fermentable carbohydrates. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 16(11): 1583–1592. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2003.1583
Simanjuntak S, Yunilas, Tafsin M. 2015. Fermentasi hasil samping industri dan perkebunan kelapa sawit dengan probiotik lokal terhadap performans domba. Jurnal Peternakan Integratif 4(1): 83–95. https://doi.org/10.32734/jpi.v4i1.2784
Steel, RGD, Torrie JH. 1989. Principles and procedures of statistics. Approach. 2nd ed. Mc Graw Hill International Book Company.
Tilley J, Terry R. 1963. A two-stage technique for in vitro digestion of forage crops. Journal of the British Grassland Society 18(1): 104–111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365- 2494.1963.tb00335.x.
Usman Y. 2013. Pemberian pakan serat sisa tanaman pertanian (jerami kacang tanah, jerami jagung, pucuk tebu) terhadap evolusi ph, n-nh3 dan vfa di dalam rumen sapi. Jurnal Agripet 13(2): 53–58. https://doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v13i2.821
Van Soest P, Robertson J, Lewis B. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74(10):3583-3597. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022- 0302(91)78551-2.
Yuliana R, Bain A, Napirah A. 2022. Komposisi kimia kulit kacang tanah (Arachis hypogea) terfermentasi dengan effective microorganism (EM-4) dan ragi tempe (Rhizopus sp.) sebagai bahan pakan ternak ruminansia. Jurnal Ilmiah Peternakan Halu Oleo 4(1): 41–45. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.56625/jipho.v4i1.23543
Zubaidah A, Prasetyo D, Handajani H, Rohmah SP, Puspita DA. 2019. Screening bakteri selulolitik dan amilolitik pada rumen sapi sebagai kandidat probiotik pada budidaya ikan secara in vitro. Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 14(4): 261–271. https://doi.org/10.15578/jra.14.4.2019.261-271.
Published
2024-07-07
How to Cite
Julianti, E., Harahap, R., & Rohayeti, Y. (2024). EVALUASI KOMPOSISI SERAT KASAR DAN KECERNAAN RUMEN IN VITRO TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT TEKNOLOGI AMONIASI FERMENTASI DENGAN EM-4 DAN CAIRAN RUMEN SAPI (Evaluation of crude fiber composition and in vitro rumen digestibility of empty palm bunches.). JURNAL NUKLEUS PETERNAKAN, 11(1), 6-14. https://doi.org/10.35508/nukleus.v11i1.15411
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