EFEK PENGGUNAAN PRODUK GELATINISASI EMPULUR GEWANG DENGAN UREA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SAPI BALI YANG MENGKONSUMSI RUMPUT ALAM (The effect of use gelatinized gewang pith with urea product on bali cattle growth which consumption of natural grass)
-
Edwin jermias lazarus(1*)
universitas nusa cendana
-
Emma Dyelim Wie Lawa(2)
universitas nusa cendana
(*) Corresponding Author
Keywords:
gewang pith, urea, gelatinized, growth, bali cattle
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using the pith gewang gelatinized with urea on the growth of the bali cattle that received natural grass as basal ration. Fifteen male bali cattle were allocated to get one of the three ration treatments, namely, gewang pith mixed with urea (R0), product gelatinized gewang pith with urea as much 15% (R1) and the product of gelatinized gewang pith with urea as much 30% (R2). A completely randomized design was used as a trial design with 3 treatments and 5 replications. Research data were analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range test. The results of the study showed that use product of gelatinized gewang pith with urea increased consumption, digestibility, weight gain and feed efficiency of bali cattle ration (P<0,01). The response of bali cattle was higher in the use of product gelatinized gewang pith with urea in the ration compared to mixture of gewang pith with urea. The use of gelatinized product as much 30% in the ration was significantly higher than the use of as much 15%. It was concluded that the use of gelatinized product of pith gewang with urea as supplement in the ration increased consumption, digestibility, weight gain and feed efficiency of bali cattle which consumption natural grass compared to the use of mixed gewang pith with urea. The highest growth response was shown by bali cattle that received product of gelatinized gewang pith with urea as much 30% in the ration.
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References
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Galo E, Emanuelet SM, Sniffen CJ, White JH, Knapp. 2003. Effects of Polymer Coated Urea product on nitrogen metabolism in lactating Holstein dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 86:2154‒2162
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Highstreet A, Robinson PH, Robison J, Garrett JG. 2010. Response of Holstein cows to replacing urea with a slowly rumen released urea in a diet high in soluble crude protein. Livest. Sci., 129:179–185
Hollo J, Fodor L, Gail S. 1979. The role of starch in urea-feeding. Starch/Starke. 31(9):303‒306.
Hristov AN, Bannink A, Crampton LA, Huhtanen P, Kreuzer M, Macgee M, Noziere P, Reynolds CK, Bayat AR, Yanez-Ruiz DR, Djikstra J, Kebreab E, Schwarm A, Shingfield KJ, Yu Z. 2018. Nitrogen in ruminant nutrition: A review of measurement techniques. Invited Review. J. Dairy Sci. 102:5811‒5852.
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Jelantik IGN, Belli HLL. 2010. Effect of urea or coconut cake supplementation on nutrient intake and digestion of bali cows maintained on tropical grass hay. JITV. 15(3):196‒204.
Jin D, Zhao S, Zheng N, Beckers Y, Wang J. 2018. Urea metabolism and regulation by rumen bacterial urease in ruminants-- A Review. Ann. Anim, Sci. 18(2):303‒318.
Khan MI, Ahmed S, Rahman A, Alamal F, Khalique A, Ahmad N, Qadir Z, Umar S, Ullah S, Azam BE. 2015. Comparative efficacy of urea and slow-release non protein nitrogen on performance of Nili-Ravi buffalo calves. Pakistan J. Zool. 47(4):1097‒1102.
Lazarini I, Detman E, Paulino MF, Valadares-Filho SC, Valadares RFD, Oliveira FA. 2013. Nutritional performance of cattle grazing on low-quality tropical forage supplemented with nitrogenous compounds and/or starch. Rev. Braz. Zootech. 42:664‒674.
Lizarazo AC, Mendoza GD, Ku J, Melgoz IM, Crosby M. 2014. Effect of slow-release urea and molasses on ruminal metabolism of lambs fed with low-quality tropical forage. Small Rum. Research. 116:28‒31.
Ma W, Ren L, Wang L, Ding J, Zhao J, Meng Q. 2011. Effect of supplementasl levels of gelatinized starch-urea on growth performance and plasma biochemical indices of growing-finishing beef cattle. Chin. J. Anim.Nutr. 23:1710‒1715.
Mazinani M, Naserian AA, Mesgaran MD, Valizadeh R. 2018. Effects of adding coated urea on in vitro gas production of dairy cow. Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia. 15(2):343‒350.
McGuire DL, Bohnert DW, Schauer CS, Falck SJ, Cooke RF. 2013. Daily and alternate day supplementation of urea or soybean meal to ruminants consuming low-quality cool-season forage: I-Effects on efficiency of nitrogen use and nutrient digestion. Livestock Science. 155:205‒213.
Muro E, Carlos D, Marcello M. 2011. Field evaluation of concentrates diets formulated with optigen® and urea as the main source of crude protein, compared with sunflower meal. Proceedings of Science and Technology in the Feed Industry. 27th International Symphosium. pp 154‒157.
Olivares-Perez J, Aviles-Nova F, Rojas-Hernandez S, Albarran-Portillo B, Castelan-Ortega OA. 2011. Identification uses and measurement of fodders legumes trees in south farmers of the States of Mexico. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems. 14:739‒748.
Paengkoum P, Bunnakit K. 2012. Nutritional evaluation of extrusion-processed mixture of cassava pulp and urea using in vitro gas production technique. Animal Nutrion and Feed Technology 12:315‒324.
Rimbawanto EA, Suhermiyati S, Hartoyo B. 2017. Effects of slow release urea supplementation of sheep protein source feed protected with condensed tannin from leucaena protein degradation in rumen and post-rumen in vitro. Anim. Prod. 19(2):119‒126.
Rufino LMA, Detman E, Gomes DI, dos Reis WLM, Batista ED, Valdares-Filho SC, Paulino MF. 2016. Intake, digestibility and nitrogen utilization in cattle fed tropical forage and supplemented with protein in the rumen, abomasum, or both. J. Anim. Sci & Biotech. 7:11
Sampaio CB, Detman E, Paulino MF, Valadares-Filho SC, Souza MA, Lazarini I. 2010. Intake and digestibility in cattle fed low-quality tropical forage and supplemented with nitrogenous compounds. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 42:1471‒1479.
Seo JK, Yang JY, Kim HJ, Upadhaya SD, Cho WM, Ha JK. 2010. Effects of synchronization of carbohydrate and protein supply on ruminal fermentation, nitrogen metabolism and microbial protein synthesis in Holstein steers. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 23:1455‒1461.
Silva AMA, Bezerra LR, Rufino SRM, Pereira Filho JM, Freire JM, Silva DS, Oliveira RL, Bayao GTV. 2014. Performance of confined and grazing lambs fed diets with different mineral-concentrate supplements. Cien. Inv. Agr. 41(3):285‒295.
Sinclair LA, Blake CW, Griffin P, Jones GH 2012. The partial replacement of soyabean meal and rapeseed meal with feed grade urea or a slow-release urea and its effect on the performance, metabolism and digestibility in dairy cows. Animal 6, 920–927.
Souza VL, Almeida R, Silva DFF, Piekarski PRB, Jesus CP, Pereira MN. 2010. Substituição parcial de farelo de soja por ureia protegida na produção e composição do leite. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 62:1415‒1422.
Stell RGD, Torrie JH. 1991. Prinsip dan Prosedur Statistika. Suatu Pendekatan Biometrik. Edisi kedua. Alih Bahasa B. Sumantri. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.
Thalib C, Siregar AR. 2004. Penyusunan standar sapi bali di Indonesia. Jurnal Pengembangan Peternakan Tropis. Edisi Khusus Seminar Nasional Ruminansia, Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang.
Widyawati SD. 2010. Teknologi gelatinisasi pada pakan sumber energi dan suplementasi asam amino sebagai upaya optimalisasi pertumbuhan ternak ruminansia. Caraka Tani XXV. 1:63‒71.
Witono JR, Kusuma JWC, Naiola BP, Jamal Y, Agusta A. 2010. Gewang (Corypha utan Lamk.) as local food in Timor Island and its nutritional properties. In: Current Issues Challenges in Food Safety. Proceeding of the International Seminar. Southeast Asian Food & Agricultural Science & Technology (SEAFAST) Center, Bogor Agricultural University.
Alvarez-Almora EG, Huntington GB, Burns JC. 2012. Effects of supplemental urea sources and feeding frequency on ruminal fermentation , fiber digestion, and nitrogen balance in beef steers. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 171:136‒145.
Alves EM, Magalhaes DR, Freitas MA, de Jesus dos Santos E, Pereira MLA, dos Santos Pedreira M. 2014. Nitrogen metabolism and microbial synthesis in sheep fed diets containing slow release urea to replace the conventional urea. Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences. 36(1):55‒62.
Bamualim A, Pohan A, Tiro B. 2015. Pertumbuhan sapi bali berbasis pakan rumput dan putak dengan suplementasi hijauan turi dan urea di Nusa Tenggara Timur. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi Peternakan dan Veteriner 2015. pp 153‒163.
Batista ED, Detman E, Titgemeyer EC, Valadares-Filho SC, Valadares RFD, Prates LL. 2016. Effects of varying ruminally undegradable protein supplementation on forage digestion, nitrogen metabolism, and urea kinetics in Nellore cattle fed low-quality tropical forage. J. Anim. Sci. 94:201.
Castaneda-Serrano RD, Ferriani-Branco A, Teixeira S, Garcia-Diaz T, Diego-Sofiati A. 2013. Slow release urea in beef cattle diets: digestibility, microbial synthesis and rumen kinetic. Articulo en Agrociencia. 47:13‒24.
Cowley F, Jennings J, Cole A, Beauchemin K. 2019. Recent advances to improve nitrogen efficiency of grain-finishing cattle in North America and Australian feedlots. Anim. Prod. Sci. 59:2082‒2092.
Galo E, Emanuelet SM, Sniffen CJ, White JH, Knapp. 2003. Effects of Polymer Coated Urea product on nitrogen metabolism in lactating Holstein dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 86:2154‒2162
Gebregiorgis F, Negesse T, Nurfeta A. 2012. Feed intake and utilization in sheep fed graded levels of dried Moringa (Moringa stenopetala) leaf as supplement to Rhodes grass hay. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 44:511‒517.
Geron LJV, de Aguiar SC, de Carvalho JTH, Juffo GD, da Silva AP, de Sousa Neto EL, Coelho, KSM, Garcia J, Diniz LC, de Paula EJH. 2016. Effect of slow release in sheep feed on intake, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal parameters. Semina: Ciências Agrarias, Londrina. 37 (4) Supplemento 1:2793‒2816.
Golombeski GL, Kalscheur KF, Hippen AR, Schingoethe DJ. 2006. Slow-release urea and highly fermentable sugars in diets fed to lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 89:4395–4403
Goncalves AP, do Nascimento CFM, Ferreira FA, da Costa Gomes R, de Queiroz Manella M, Marino CT, de Abreu Demarchi JJA, Rodrigues PHM. 2015. Slow release urea in supplement fed to beef steers. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol. 58 (1):22‒30.
Gonzalez-Munoz S, Sanchez J, Lopez-Agiurre S, Vicente J, Pinoz-Rodriguez J. 2019. Ruminal fermentation and digestion of cattle diets with total and partial replacement of soybean meal by a slow-release urea product. Veterinarni Medicina., 64(07):294‒301.
Highstreet A, Robinson PH, Robison J, Garrett JG. 2010. Response of Holstein cows to replacing urea with a slowly rumen released urea in a diet high in soluble crude protein. Livest. Sci., 129:179–185
Hollo J, Fodor L, Gail S. 1979. The role of starch in urea-feeding. Starch/Starke. 31(9):303‒306.
Hristov AN, Bannink A, Crampton LA, Huhtanen P, Kreuzer M, Macgee M, Noziere P, Reynolds CK, Bayat AR, Yanez-Ruiz DR, Djikstra J, Kebreab E, Schwarm A, Shingfield KJ, Yu Z. 2018. Nitrogen in ruminant nutrition: A review of measurement techniques. Invited Review. J. Dairy Sci. 102:5811‒5852.
Huntington GB, Harmon DL, Kristensen NB, Hanson KC, Spears JW. 2006. Effects of a slower release urea source on absorption of ammonia and endogenous production of urea by cattle. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 130:225–241.
Inostroza JF, Shaver RD, Cabrera VE, Tricarico JM. 2010. Effects of diets containing a controlled-release urea product on milk yield, milk composition and milk component yields in commercial Wisconsin dairy herds and economic implications. Prof. Anim. Sci. 26:175‒180.
Jelantik IGN, Belli HLL. 2010. Effect of urea or coconut cake supplementation on nutrient intake and digestion of bali cows maintained on tropical grass hay. JITV. 15(3):196‒204.
Jin D, Zhao S, Zheng N, Beckers Y, Wang J. 2018. Urea metabolism and regulation by rumen bacterial urease in ruminants-- A Review. Ann. Anim, Sci. 18(2):303‒318.
Khan MI, Ahmed S, Rahman A, Alamal F, Khalique A, Ahmad N, Qadir Z, Umar S, Ullah S, Azam BE. 2015. Comparative efficacy of urea and slow-release non protein nitrogen on performance of Nili-Ravi buffalo calves. Pakistan J. Zool. 47(4):1097‒1102.
Lazarini I, Detman E, Paulino MF, Valadares-Filho SC, Valadares RFD, Oliveira FA. 2013. Nutritional performance of cattle grazing on low-quality tropical forage supplemented with nitrogenous compounds and/or starch. Rev. Braz. Zootech. 42:664‒674.
Lizarazo AC, Mendoza GD, Ku J, Melgoz IM, Crosby M. 2014. Effect of slow-release urea and molasses on ruminal metabolism of lambs fed with low-quality tropical forage. Small Rum. Research. 116:28‒31.
Ma W, Ren L, Wang L, Ding J, Zhao J, Meng Q. 2011. Effect of supplementasl levels of gelatinized starch-urea on growth performance and plasma biochemical indices of growing-finishing beef cattle. Chin. J. Anim.Nutr. 23:1710‒1715.
Mazinani M, Naserian AA, Mesgaran MD, Valizadeh R. 2018. Effects of adding coated urea on in vitro gas production of dairy cow. Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia. 15(2):343‒350.
McGuire DL, Bohnert DW, Schauer CS, Falck SJ, Cooke RF. 2013. Daily and alternate day supplementation of urea or soybean meal to ruminants consuming low-quality cool-season forage: I-Effects on efficiency of nitrogen use and nutrient digestion. Livestock Science. 155:205‒213.
Muro E, Carlos D, Marcello M. 2011. Field evaluation of concentrates diets formulated with optigen® and urea as the main source of crude protein, compared with sunflower meal. Proceedings of Science and Technology in the Feed Industry. 27th International Symphosium. pp 154‒157.
Olivares-Perez J, Aviles-Nova F, Rojas-Hernandez S, Albarran-Portillo B, Castelan-Ortega OA. 2011. Identification uses and measurement of fodders legumes trees in south farmers of the States of Mexico. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems. 14:739‒748.
Paengkoum P, Bunnakit K. 2012. Nutritional evaluation of extrusion-processed mixture of cassava pulp and urea using in vitro gas production technique. Animal Nutrion and Feed Technology 12:315‒324.
Rimbawanto EA, Suhermiyati S, Hartoyo B. 2017. Effects of slow release urea supplementation of sheep protein source feed protected with condensed tannin from leucaena protein degradation in rumen and post-rumen in vitro. Anim. Prod. 19(2):119‒126.
Rufino LMA, Detman E, Gomes DI, dos Reis WLM, Batista ED, Valdares-Filho SC, Paulino MF. 2016. Intake, digestibility and nitrogen utilization in cattle fed tropical forage and supplemented with protein in the rumen, abomasum, or both. J. Anim. Sci & Biotech. 7:11
Sampaio CB, Detman E, Paulino MF, Valadares-Filho SC, Souza MA, Lazarini I. 2010. Intake and digestibility in cattle fed low-quality tropical forage and supplemented with nitrogenous compounds. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 42:1471‒1479.
Seo JK, Yang JY, Kim HJ, Upadhaya SD, Cho WM, Ha JK. 2010. Effects of synchronization of carbohydrate and protein supply on ruminal fermentation, nitrogen metabolism and microbial protein synthesis in Holstein steers. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 23:1455‒1461.
Silva AMA, Bezerra LR, Rufino SRM, Pereira Filho JM, Freire JM, Silva DS, Oliveira RL, Bayao GTV. 2014. Performance of confined and grazing lambs fed diets with different mineral-concentrate supplements. Cien. Inv. Agr. 41(3):285‒295.
Sinclair LA, Blake CW, Griffin P, Jones GH 2012. The partial replacement of soyabean meal and rapeseed meal with feed grade urea or a slow-release urea and its effect on the performance, metabolism and digestibility in dairy cows. Animal 6, 920–927.
Souza VL, Almeida R, Silva DFF, Piekarski PRB, Jesus CP, Pereira MN. 2010. Substituição parcial de farelo de soja por ureia protegida na produção e composição do leite. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 62:1415‒1422.
Stell RGD, Torrie JH. 1991. Prinsip dan Prosedur Statistika. Suatu Pendekatan Biometrik. Edisi kedua. Alih Bahasa B. Sumantri. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.
Thalib C, Siregar AR. 2004. Penyusunan standar sapi bali di Indonesia. Jurnal Pengembangan Peternakan Tropis. Edisi Khusus Seminar Nasional Ruminansia, Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang.
Widyawati SD. 2010. Teknologi gelatinisasi pada pakan sumber energi dan suplementasi asam amino sebagai upaya optimalisasi pertumbuhan ternak ruminansia. Caraka Tani XXV. 1:63‒71.
Witono JR, Kusuma JWC, Naiola BP, Jamal Y, Agusta A. 2010. Gewang (Corypha utan Lamk.) as local food in Timor Island and its nutritional properties. In: Current Issues Challenges in Food Safety. Proceeding of the International Seminar. Southeast Asian Food & Agricultural Science & Technology (SEAFAST) Center, Bogor Agricultural University.
Published
2020-06-30
How to Cite
lazarus, E., & Wie Lawa, E. (2020). EFEK PENGGUNAAN PRODUK GELATINISASI EMPULUR GEWANG DENGAN UREA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SAPI BALI YANG MENGKONSUMSI RUMPUT ALAM (The effect of use gelatinized gewang pith with urea product on bali cattle growth which consumption of natural grass). JURNAL NUKLEUS PETERNAKAN, 7(1), 23-33. https://doi.org/10.35508/nukleus.v7i1.2248
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