PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI FODDER JAGUNG PADA SILASE RUMPUT ALAM TERHADAP KONSUMSI DAN KECERNAAN SERAT, KONSENTRASI VFA DAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PADA PEDET JANTAN SAPI PERSILANGAN ONGOLE X BRAHMAN LEPAS SAPIH (Effect of corn fodder substitution for native.....)
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Sefrans Banamtuan(1)
universitas nusa cendana
-
I Gusti Ngurah Jelantik(2*)
Faculty of Animal Science, The University of Nusa Cendana
-
G. A. Y. Lestari(3)
universitas nusa cendana
-
Imanuel Benu(4)
Universitas Nusa Cendana
(*) Corresponding Author
Keywords:
Corn fodder, native grass silage, fiber intake and digestibility, VFA, blood glucose, weaned cross ongole calf.
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect subsitutional of corn fodder on intake and fiber digestibility, volatile fatty acid and blood glucose concentration of weaned Ongole x Brahman calves. This experiment followed a 4x4 latin square design with four treatments, i.e. G : 100% nature grass silage, GCF1 : 35% nature grass silage, 35% corn fodder silage and 30% concentrate, GCF2 : 17,5% nature grass silage, 52,5% corn fodder and 30% concentrate, GCF3 : 70% corn fodder and 30% concentrate. The measured variables included fiber intake and digestibility, volatile fatty acid and blood glucose concentration. Data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (Anova) followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test to separate between means with SPSS 21. Result showed that fiber intake was significantly (P<0.05) lower in GCF3 (299,88 g.d-1) compared to the other treatments which varied between 661,55 to 1293,95 g.d-1. Fiber digestibility, however, did not differ (P>0.05) between treatments, i.e. varied between 55,95 to 72,65%. Volatile Fatty Acid concentration increased (P<0.05) with the increasing levels substitutions of corn fodder in feed. The treatments did not affect (P>0.05) blood glucose concentration of Ongole calves. It can be concluded that substitution of corn fodder for native grass silage has significant effect on fiber intake and Volatile Fatty Acid concentration but not on fiber digestibility and blood glucose concentration of weaned cross Ongole calves.
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References
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Allen MS and Mertens DR. 1988. Evaluating constraints of fiber digestion by rumen microbas. J. Nutr. 118:261-270.
Annett RW, Carson AF and Gordon A. W. 2013. Effects of replacing grass silage with either maize silage or concentrates during late pregnancy on the performance of breeding ewes fed isonitrogenous diets. Animal, 7 (06), 957–964.
Bal MA, Coors JG, Shaver RD. 1997. Impact of the maturity of corn for use as silage in the diets of dairy cows on intake, digestion, and milk production. Journal of Dairy Science 80: 2497– 2503.
Campbell JR dan Lasley JF. 1977. The Science of animals that serve mankind. 2nd Ed. McGraw-Hill, Inc., USA.
Dadhich R. 2016. Effect of feeding hydroponics maize fodder on nutrient utilization efficiency in rathi Calves. Thesis. Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner – 334001
Dado RG and Allen MS. 1995. Intake limitation, feeding behavior, and rumen fungtion of cows challengedwith rumen fill from dietary fiber or inert bulk. J. Dairy Sci. 78: 118-133.
Davies HL. 1982. Nutrition and growth manual. Publised by Australian University International Development Program, Melbourne
Detmann E, Magalhães KA, Valadares Filho SC, Paulino MF, Henriques LT. 2008. Development of a bicompartimental sub model to estimate digestible fraction of crude protein in cattle from chemical composition of feed. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia. 2215-2221.
Hillir RJ and Perry TW. 1969. Effect of hydroponically produced oat grass on ration digestability of cattle. Journal of animal science, 29:783-785.
Hindratiningrum N. 2011. Produk fermentasi rumen dan produksi protein mikroba sapi lokal yang diberi pakan jerami amoniasi dan beberapa bahan pakan sumber energi. J. Peternakan. 11: 29–34.
Huber JT and L Kung JR. 1981. Protein and non protein utilizion in dairy cattle. J. Dairy. Sci. 75:2165.
Hučko B, Bampidis V A, Kodeš A, Christodoulou V, Mudřik Z, Poláková K, dan Plachý V. 2009. Rumen fermentation characteristics in pre-weaning calves receiving yeast culture supplements. Czech J. Anim. Sci. 54 (10): 435–442.
Izumi Y. 1976. The influence of fodder beet intake upon VFA production in the rumen of the cow. Hokkaido. Shintoku Animal Husbandry Experiment Station. Japan
Jalal KCA, Ambak MA, Saad CR, Hassan A and Abol MAB. 2000. Apparent digestibility coefficients for common major feed ingredients in formulated feed diets for Tropical sport fish, Tor tambroides fry. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 3: 261-264.
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Jelantik IG N. 2001. Improving Bali cattle (Bibos banteng Wagner) production Trough protein supplementation. PhD. Tesis. Dept. of Science and Animal Health. The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University Copenhagen.
Jemimah R, Gnanaraj PT, Muthuramalingam T and Devi T. 2018. Productivity, nutritive value, growth rate, biomass yield and economics of different hydroponic green fodders for livestock. Int. J. Livest. Res. 8(9): 261-270.
Johnson RR, Dehority BA, Parson JL and Scott HW. 1962. Discrepancies between grasses and alfalfa when estimating nutritive value from In vitro cellulose digestibility by rumen microorganisms. J. Anim. Sci. 21:892-896.
Koul V, Kumar U, Sareen VK, Singh S. 1998. Mode of action of yeast culture (YEA-SACC 1026) for stimula- tion of rumen fermentation in buffalo calves. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 77: 407-413
Lazzarini I, Detmann E, Sampaio CB. 2009. Transit dynamics and degradation of neutral detergent fiber in cattle fed low quality tropical forage and nitrogen compounds. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science. 61(3):635-647.
Lubis DA. 1992. Ilmu Makanan Ternak. Jakarta : PT Pembangunan
McDonald P, Edwards RA, Greenhalgh JFD and Morgan CA. 2002. Animal Nutrition, 6th Ed. Prentice Hall, London microbes. 118:261–270.
McDonald P, Edwards RA dan Greenhalgh JFP. 1988. Animal Nutrition. 4nd Ed. Longman Scientific and Technical, New York.
Minson DJ. 1990. Forage in ruminant nutrition. Academic Press, San Diego, 483p.
Mohinder B, Wadhwa, Makkar H. 2017. Hydroponic fodder production: A critical assessment. Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University.
Moloney AP and O’Kiely P. 1997. Digestibility, nitrogen retention and plasma metabolite concentration in steers offered whole-crop wheat silage-based rations. Irish J. Agric. Food Res. 31:129–142.
Moseley G and Jones JR. 1984. The physical digestion of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perene) and white clover (Trifolium Repens) in the foregut of sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 52: 381-390.
Moss HE, Tyler LK, Hodges JR, Peterson K. 1995. Exploring the loss of semantic memory in sementic dementia: Evidence from primed monitoring. Neuropshycology 9(1): 16-26.
Moyo M, Kana EBG dan Nsahlai IV. 2018. Prediction of solid digesta passage rate using liquid passage rate as one of the input variables in ruminants. South African Journal of Animal Science 48 (4):758-769.
Mullik ML, Permana B. 2009. Improving Growth Rate of Bali Cattle Grazing Native Pasture in Wet Season by Supplementing High Quality Forages. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Veteriner 14 (3):192-199
Myers JR. 1974. Feeding livestock from the hydroponic garden. Agriculture Department. Phoenix, Arizona State University.
Nadeau A, Arnesson J, Jakobsson H, Auerbach. 2015. Chemical additives reduce yeast count and enhance aerobic stability in high dry matter corn silage. University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP. Sao Paulo, Brazil
Naik PK, Karunakaran M, Swain BK, Chakurkar EB and Singh NP. 2016. Voluntary Intake and Digestibility of Nutrients in Heifers Fed Hydroponics Maize (Zea mays L.) Fodder. Indian J. Anim. Nutr. 33 (2): 233-235
Naik PK, Swain BK, Singh NP. 2015. Production and utilization of hydroponics
fodder. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition. 32(1): 1-9
Naik PK, Dhuri RB, Karunakaran M, Swain BK and Singh NP. 2014. Effect of feeding hydroponics maize fodder on digestibility of nutrients and milk production in lactating cows, Indian J.Anim. Sci. 84 (8): 880–883.
NRC, 1989. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. Sixth revised edition, update 1989. National Academy Press, Washington D.C.157
Pandey HN, and Pathak NN. 1991. Nutritional evaluation of artifically grown barley fodder in lactating crossbred cows. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition 8(1): 77-78.
Pileggi R and Barthelmai W. 1962. Klin. Wochemschr, 40: 585-589.
Poppi DP, France J and McLennan SR. 2000. Intake, passage and digestibility. Feeding systems and feed evaluation models. Wallingford, UK: CAB.35-52.
Preston TR and Leng RA. 1987. Matching ruminant production sistem with
available resource in the tropic. Penambul books. Armidale. Hal 147-148.
Ranjhan SK dan NN Pathak. 1989. Management and feeding of buffaloes. Vicas Publishing House, Put, Ltd., New Delhi.
Rastologi SC. 1984. Essential of animal physiology. Wiley Eastern Limited, New delhi-Bangalore-Calcute.pp. 132-138.
Reddy GV, Reddy MR and Reddy KK. 1988. Nutrient utilization by milk cattle fed on rations containing artificially grown fodder. Indian J.Anim. Nutr. 5 (1): 19–22.
Reksohadiprojo S. 1985. Produksi tanaman hijauan makanan ternak tropik. Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Gadjah Mada, Djogjakarta.
Riwu Kaho LM. 1993. Studi tentang rotasi merumput pada biom sabana Timor Barat. Binel TTS. Thesis Bogor. Pascaserjana. IPB.
Saidi A and Abo Omar J. 2015. “Economical and biological fasibility of hydroponic barley fed to lactating Awassi ewes”. Master of Science, Theses. Open Journal of Animal Science 5(2) : 1-6.
Sampaio AAM, Fernandes ARM, Henrique W, Ribeiro GM, Oliveira EA, de Silva TM. 2010. Effect of supplementation on nutrient digestibility and performance of lactating calves fed with Brachiaria brizantha pastures. Acta Scientiarum - Animal Sciences. 32 (1): 63-68
Sneath R and McIntosh F. 2003. Review of hydroponic fodder production for beef
cattle. North Sydney; Australia: Departemen of Primary Industies.
Sudarmodjo. 2008. Hidroponik. Bogor (ID): Parung Farm. (Tidak dipublikasikan)
Sutardi T. 1979. Ikhtisar Ruminologi. Departemen Ilmu Makanan Ternak. Fakultas
Peternakan, IPB. Bogor.
Tawfeeq Jamal A, Rasha M, Shaker. 2018. Evaluation of feeding hydroponics barley on digestibility and rumen fermentations in awassi lambs. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 49(4):636-645.
Tyler HD, Ensminger ME. 2006. Dairy cattle science. 4th ed. Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Usman Y. 2015. Perbedaan laju alir partikel pakan berbagai pakan serat dalam sistem rumen sapi. J. Agripet 15(2): 123–128.
Vlaeminck B, Fievez V, Tamminga S, Dewhurst RJ, Van Vuuren A, De Brabander D, Demeyer D. 2006. Milk odd-and branched chain fatty acids in relation to the rumen fermentation pattern. J. Dairy Sci. 89(10):3954–3964.
Vranić M, Bošnjak K, Perčulija G, Leto J, Kutnjak H, Kristina, Pejić. 2007. The feeding value of the ration based on alfalfa Haylage supplemented with high moisture corn in wether sheep. Acta Veterinaria. 67 (4):421-428.
Vranic M, Knesevic M, Perculija G, Bosnjak G, Leto J. 2009. Intake, digestability In vivo, N utilition and In sacco dry matter digestability of grass silage harvested at three stages of maturity. Agricultural Faculty university of Zagreb, Crotia. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 22(2): 225-231.
Widyobroto BP 1996. Transit partikel dan dinamika cairan dalam saluran pencernaan ruminansia. Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta (tidak dipublikasi).
Wilson JR and Kennedy PM. 1996. Plant and animal constraints to voluntary feed intake associated with fibre characteristics and particle breakdown and passage in ruminants. Australian journal of agricultural research 47(2) 199 – 225.
Wu G. 2016. Principles of Animal nutrition. CRC Press Taylor and Francis Group, College Station, Texas, USA
Allen MS and Mertens DR. 1988. Evaluating constraints of fiber digestion by rumen microbas. J. Nutr. 118:261-270.
Annett RW, Carson AF and Gordon A. W. 2013. Effects of replacing grass silage with either maize silage or concentrates during late pregnancy on the performance of breeding ewes fed isonitrogenous diets. Animal, 7 (06), 957–964.
Bal MA, Coors JG, Shaver RD. 1997. Impact of the maturity of corn for use as silage in the diets of dairy cows on intake, digestion, and milk production. Journal of Dairy Science 80: 2497– 2503.
Campbell JR dan Lasley JF. 1977. The Science of animals that serve mankind. 2nd Ed. McGraw-Hill, Inc., USA.
Dadhich R. 2016. Effect of feeding hydroponics maize fodder on nutrient utilization efficiency in rathi Calves. Thesis. Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner – 334001
Dado RG and Allen MS. 1995. Intake limitation, feeding behavior, and rumen fungtion of cows challengedwith rumen fill from dietary fiber or inert bulk. J. Dairy Sci. 78: 118-133.
Davies HL. 1982. Nutrition and growth manual. Publised by Australian University International Development Program, Melbourne
Detmann E, Magalhães KA, Valadares Filho SC, Paulino MF, Henriques LT. 2008. Development of a bicompartimental sub model to estimate digestible fraction of crude protein in cattle from chemical composition of feed. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia. 2215-2221.
Hillir RJ and Perry TW. 1969. Effect of hydroponically produced oat grass on ration digestability of cattle. Journal of animal science, 29:783-785.
Hindratiningrum N. 2011. Produk fermentasi rumen dan produksi protein mikroba sapi lokal yang diberi pakan jerami amoniasi dan beberapa bahan pakan sumber energi. J. Peternakan. 11: 29–34.
Huber JT and L Kung JR. 1981. Protein and non protein utilizion in dairy cattle. J. Dairy. Sci. 75:2165.
Hučko B, Bampidis V A, Kodeš A, Christodoulou V, Mudřik Z, Poláková K, dan Plachý V. 2009. Rumen fermentation characteristics in pre-weaning calves receiving yeast culture supplements. Czech J. Anim. Sci. 54 (10): 435–442.
Izumi Y. 1976. The influence of fodder beet intake upon VFA production in the rumen of the cow. Hokkaido. Shintoku Animal Husbandry Experiment Station. Japan
Jalal KCA, Ambak MA, Saad CR, Hassan A and Abol MAB. 2000. Apparent digestibility coefficients for common major feed ingredients in formulated feed diets for Tropical sport fish, Tor tambroides fry. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 3: 261-264.
Jelantik IGN, Mullik ML, Copland R. 2009. Cara praktis menurunkan angka kematian dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan pedet sapi timor melalui pemberian pakan suplemen. Undana Press. Kupang.
Jelantik IG N. 2001. Improving Bali cattle (Bibos banteng Wagner) production Trough protein supplementation. PhD. Tesis. Dept. of Science and Animal Health. The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University Copenhagen.
Jemimah R, Gnanaraj PT, Muthuramalingam T and Devi T. 2018. Productivity, nutritive value, growth rate, biomass yield and economics of different hydroponic green fodders for livestock. Int. J. Livest. Res. 8(9): 261-270.
Johnson RR, Dehority BA, Parson JL and Scott HW. 1962. Discrepancies between grasses and alfalfa when estimating nutritive value from In vitro cellulose digestibility by rumen microorganisms. J. Anim. Sci. 21:892-896.
Koul V, Kumar U, Sareen VK, Singh S. 1998. Mode of action of yeast culture (YEA-SACC 1026) for stimula- tion of rumen fermentation in buffalo calves. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 77: 407-413
Lazzarini I, Detmann E, Sampaio CB. 2009. Transit dynamics and degradation of neutral detergent fiber in cattle fed low quality tropical forage and nitrogen compounds. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary and Animal Science. 61(3):635-647.
Lubis DA. 1992. Ilmu Makanan Ternak. Jakarta : PT Pembangunan
McDonald P, Edwards RA, Greenhalgh JFD and Morgan CA. 2002. Animal Nutrition, 6th Ed. Prentice Hall, London microbes. 118:261–270.
McDonald P, Edwards RA dan Greenhalgh JFP. 1988. Animal Nutrition. 4nd Ed. Longman Scientific and Technical, New York.
Minson DJ. 1990. Forage in ruminant nutrition. Academic Press, San Diego, 483p.
Mohinder B, Wadhwa, Makkar H. 2017. Hydroponic fodder production: A critical assessment. Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University.
Moloney AP and O’Kiely P. 1997. Digestibility, nitrogen retention and plasma metabolite concentration in steers offered whole-crop wheat silage-based rations. Irish J. Agric. Food Res. 31:129–142.
Moseley G and Jones JR. 1984. The physical digestion of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perene) and white clover (Trifolium Repens) in the foregut of sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 52: 381-390.
Moss HE, Tyler LK, Hodges JR, Peterson K. 1995. Exploring the loss of semantic memory in sementic dementia: Evidence from primed monitoring. Neuropshycology 9(1): 16-26.
Moyo M, Kana EBG dan Nsahlai IV. 2018. Prediction of solid digesta passage rate using liquid passage rate as one of the input variables in ruminants. South African Journal of Animal Science 48 (4):758-769.
Mullik ML, Permana B. 2009. Improving Growth Rate of Bali Cattle Grazing Native Pasture in Wet Season by Supplementing High Quality Forages. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak Veteriner 14 (3):192-199
Myers JR. 1974. Feeding livestock from the hydroponic garden. Agriculture Department. Phoenix, Arizona State University.
Nadeau A, Arnesson J, Jakobsson H, Auerbach. 2015. Chemical additives reduce yeast count and enhance aerobic stability in high dry matter corn silage. University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP. Sao Paulo, Brazil
Naik PK, Karunakaran M, Swain BK, Chakurkar EB and Singh NP. 2016. Voluntary Intake and Digestibility of Nutrients in Heifers Fed Hydroponics Maize (Zea mays L.) Fodder. Indian J. Anim. Nutr. 33 (2): 233-235
Naik PK, Swain BK, Singh NP. 2015. Production and utilization of hydroponics
fodder. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition. 32(1): 1-9
Naik PK, Dhuri RB, Karunakaran M, Swain BK and Singh NP. 2014. Effect of feeding hydroponics maize fodder on digestibility of nutrients and milk production in lactating cows, Indian J.Anim. Sci. 84 (8): 880–883.
NRC, 1989. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. Sixth revised edition, update 1989. National Academy Press, Washington D.C.157
Pandey HN, and Pathak NN. 1991. Nutritional evaluation of artifically grown barley fodder in lactating crossbred cows. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition 8(1): 77-78.
Pileggi R and Barthelmai W. 1962. Klin. Wochemschr, 40: 585-589.
Poppi DP, France J and McLennan SR. 2000. Intake, passage and digestibility. Feeding systems and feed evaluation models. Wallingford, UK: CAB.35-52.
Preston TR and Leng RA. 1987. Matching ruminant production sistem with
available resource in the tropic. Penambul books. Armidale. Hal 147-148.
Ranjhan SK dan NN Pathak. 1989. Management and feeding of buffaloes. Vicas Publishing House, Put, Ltd., New Delhi.
Rastologi SC. 1984. Essential of animal physiology. Wiley Eastern Limited, New delhi-Bangalore-Calcute.pp. 132-138.
Reddy GV, Reddy MR and Reddy KK. 1988. Nutrient utilization by milk cattle fed on rations containing artificially grown fodder. Indian J.Anim. Nutr. 5 (1): 19–22.
Reksohadiprojo S. 1985. Produksi tanaman hijauan makanan ternak tropik. Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Gadjah Mada, Djogjakarta.
Riwu Kaho LM. 1993. Studi tentang rotasi merumput pada biom sabana Timor Barat. Binel TTS. Thesis Bogor. Pascaserjana. IPB.
Saidi A and Abo Omar J. 2015. “Economical and biological fasibility of hydroponic barley fed to lactating Awassi ewes”. Master of Science, Theses. Open Journal of Animal Science 5(2) : 1-6.
Sampaio AAM, Fernandes ARM, Henrique W, Ribeiro GM, Oliveira EA, de Silva TM. 2010. Effect of supplementation on nutrient digestibility and performance of lactating calves fed with Brachiaria brizantha pastures. Acta Scientiarum - Animal Sciences. 32 (1): 63-68
Sneath R and McIntosh F. 2003. Review of hydroponic fodder production for beef
cattle. North Sydney; Australia: Departemen of Primary Industies.
Sudarmodjo. 2008. Hidroponik. Bogor (ID): Parung Farm. (Tidak dipublikasikan)
Sutardi T. 1979. Ikhtisar Ruminologi. Departemen Ilmu Makanan Ternak. Fakultas
Peternakan, IPB. Bogor.
Tawfeeq Jamal A, Rasha M, Shaker. 2018. Evaluation of feeding hydroponics barley on digestibility and rumen fermentations in awassi lambs. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 49(4):636-645.
Tyler HD, Ensminger ME. 2006. Dairy cattle science. 4th ed. Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Usman Y. 2015. Perbedaan laju alir partikel pakan berbagai pakan serat dalam sistem rumen sapi. J. Agripet 15(2): 123–128.
Vlaeminck B, Fievez V, Tamminga S, Dewhurst RJ, Van Vuuren A, De Brabander D, Demeyer D. 2006. Milk odd-and branched chain fatty acids in relation to the rumen fermentation pattern. J. Dairy Sci. 89(10):3954–3964.
Vranić M, Bošnjak K, Perčulija G, Leto J, Kutnjak H, Kristina, Pejić. 2007. The feeding value of the ration based on alfalfa Haylage supplemented with high moisture corn in wether sheep. Acta Veterinaria. 67 (4):421-428.
Vranic M, Knesevic M, Perculija G, Bosnjak G, Leto J. 2009. Intake, digestability In vivo, N utilition and In sacco dry matter digestability of grass silage harvested at three stages of maturity. Agricultural Faculty university of Zagreb, Crotia. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 22(2): 225-231.
Widyobroto BP 1996. Transit partikel dan dinamika cairan dalam saluran pencernaan ruminansia. Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta (tidak dipublikasi).
Wilson JR and Kennedy PM. 1996. Plant and animal constraints to voluntary feed intake associated with fibre characteristics and particle breakdown and passage in ruminants. Australian journal of agricultural research 47(2) 199 – 225.
Wu G. 2016. Principles of Animal nutrition. CRC Press Taylor and Francis Group, College Station, Texas, USA
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2020-06-30
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Banamtuan, S., Jelantik, I. G., Lestari, G., & Benu, I. (2020). PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI FODDER JAGUNG PADA SILASE RUMPUT ALAM TERHADAP KONSUMSI DAN KECERNAAN SERAT, KONSENTRASI VFA DAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PADA PEDET JANTAN SAPI PERSILANGAN ONGOLE X BRAHMAN LEPAS SAPIH (Effect of corn fodder substitution for native.). JURNAL NUKLEUS PETERNAKAN, 7(1), 63-74. https://doi.org/10.35508/nukleus.v7i1.2264
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