ANALISIS INDEKS ANIMAL WELFARE KUDA PADA PASAR KUDA TRADISIONAL (Analysis of the Horse Animal Welfare Index in Traditional Horse Market)
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Ayu Lestari(1*)
Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar
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Faris Makkawaru Syukri(2)
Badan Karantina Indonesia
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Jumriah Syam(3)
Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar
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Handayani Indah Susanti(4)
Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar
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Khaifah Asgaf(5)
Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar
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Mursidin Mursidin(6)
Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar
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Rusny Rusny(7)
Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the animal welfare index for horses sold at the Horse Market in Jeneponto Regency. A mixed methods approach was used, combining quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data were obtained through observations of 100 horses using the Five Freedoms principle, assessed on a scale of 1-5, while qualitative data were collected through interviews with traders, buyers, and market managers. Data were analyzed descriptively by calculating the animal welfare index based on the average score of all observed indicators. The results showed that the horse animal welfare index was 2.16, which is considered adequate. The highest score was for freedom from pain/injury/disease (3.56), categorized as good, while the lowest score was for freedom from hunger and thirst (1.00), categorized as poor. Freedom from discomfort (1.73) and freedom to express natural behavior (2.00) were also considered low, while freedom from stress was considered adequate (2.50). The low implementation of animal welfare is influenced by limited market facilities, high livestock density, unhygienic environmental conditions, and market participants' poor understanding of animal welfare principles. This study shows that the implementation of animal welfare in horse trading in traditional horse markets is still not optimal, so that improvements in facilities, improved market management, and education related to animal welfare for all market players are needed to support a more sustainable and ethical livestock trading system.
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References
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Zappaterra, M., Menchetti, L., Costa, L.N., & Padalino, B. (2021). Do Camels (Camelus dromedarius ) Need Shaded Areas ? A Case Study of the Camel Market in Doha. 1–15.
Zeitler-feicht, M.H., Hartmann, E., Erhard, M.H., & Baumgartner, M. (2024). Which affiliative behaviour can be used as a valid , reliable and feasible indicator of positive welfare in horse husbandry ? Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 273(March), 106236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2024.106236
Corrales-hernández, A., Mota-rojas, D., Guerrero, I., Roldan-santiago, P., Rodríguez-salinas, S., Cruz, L. De, Mora, P., Yáñez-pizaña, A., & González-lozano, M. (2019). Physiological responses in horses, donkeys, and mules sold at livestock markets. International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine, 6(1), 97–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.03.002
Costa, E.D., Murray, L., Dai, F., Canali, E., & Minero, M. (2014). Equine on-farm welfare assessment: a review of animal-based indicators. Animal Welfare, 23, 323–341. https://doi.org/10.7120/09627286.23.3.323
Di Filippo, P.A., Duarte, B.R., Albernaz, A.P., & Quirino, C.R. (2021). Effects of feed deprivation on physical and blood parameters of horses Efeitos da privação de alimento nos parâmetros físicos e laboratoriais em cavalos. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 43, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm000321
Edwards-callaway, L.N., Cramer, M.C., Cadaret, C.N., Bigler, E.J., Engle, T.E., Wagner, J.J., & Clark, D.L. (2021). Board Invited Review Impacts of shade on cattle well-being in the beef supply chain. Journal of Animal Science, 99(2), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa375
El Balaa, R., & Marie, M. (2006). Animal welfare considerations in small ruminant breeding specifications. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 19, 91–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806-005-4497-3
Farm Animal Welfare Council. (2007). FAWC Report on Stockmanship and Farm Animal Welfare (Issue June).
Golding, E., Ansari, A.S.A.A., Sutton, G.A., Walshe, N., & Duggan, V. (2023). Rate of obesity within a mixed ‑ breed group of horses in Ireland and their owners ’ perceptions of body condition and useability of an equine body condition scoring scale. Irish Veterinary Journal, 76(3), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13620-023-00237-w
Hall, C., & Kay, R. (2024). Living the good life? A systematic review of behavioural signs of affective state in the domestic horse (Equus caballus) and factors relating to quality of life . Part I : Fulfilment of species-specific needs. Animal Welfare, 33(e40), 1–20.
Hall, C., Randle, H., Pearson, G., Preshaw, L., & Waran, N. (2018). Assessing Equine Emotional State. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 1–35.
Harvey, A.M., Ramp, D., & Mellor, D.J. (2022). Review of the Foundational Knowledge Required for Assessing Horse Welfare. Animals, 12(3385).
Jerlström, J., Berg, C., Wallenbeck, A., & Hansson, H. (2023). A formal model for assessing the economic impact of animal welfare improvements at bovine and porcine slaughter. Animal Welfare, 31, 361–371. https://doi.org/10.7120/09627286.31.4.004
Kelly, K.J., Mcduffee, L.A., & Mears, K. (2021). The Effect of Human – Horse Interactions on Equine Behaviour, Physiology, and Welfare : A Scoping Review. Animals, 11(2782), 1–18.
Lesimple, C. (2020). Indicators of Horse Welfare : State-of-the-Art. Animals, 10.
Lestari, A., Syukri, F.M., & Mutmainna, A. (2023). Studi Karakteristik Warna Tubuh dan Morfometrik Kuda di Pasar Kuda Jeneponto. Jurnal Peternakan Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Animal Science), 25(3), 298–305. https://doi.org/10.25077/jpi.25.3.298-305.2023
Masters, D.G., Blache, D., Lockwood, A.L., Maloney, S.K., Norman, H.C., Refshauge, G., & Hancock, S.N. (2016). Shelter and shade for grazing sheep : implications for animal welfare and production and for landscape health. Animal Production Science, 63. https://doi.org/10.1071/AN22225
Nicolaisen, S., Langkabel, N., Thoene-reineke, C., & Wiegard, M. (2023). Animal Welfare during Transport and Slaughter of Cattle: Legal Framework. Animals, 13.
Nkatekho, B. (2024). Animal Welfare Policies and Their Effect on Livestock Productivity and Trade. International Journal of Livestock Policy, 3(2), 27–40.
Penakalapati, G., Swarthout, J., Delahoy, M.J., Mcaliley, L., Wodnik, B., Levy, K., & Freeman, M.C. (2017). Exposure to Animal Feces and Human Health: A Systematic Review and Proposed Research Priorities. Environtmental Science & Technology, 51, 11537–11552. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b02811
Phelipon, R., Hennes, N., Ruet, A., Bret-Morel, A., Górecka-Bruzda, A., & Lansade, L. (2024). Forage, freedom of movement, and social interactions remain essential fundamentals for the welfare of high-level sport horses. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 11(1504116). https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1504116
Ruet, A., Arnould, C., Lemarchand, J., Parias, C., Mach, N., Moisan, M.P., Foury, A., Briant, C., & Lansade, L. (2022). Horse welfare: A joint assessment of four categories of behavioural indicators using the AWIN protocol, scan sampling and surveys. Animal Welfare, 31, 455–466. https://doi.org/10.7120/09627286.31.3.008
Sikorska, U., Masko, M., Ciesielska, A., Zdrojkowski, Ł., & Domino, M. (2023). Role of Cortisol in Horse ’ s Welfare and Health. Agriculture, 13, 1–17.
Squibb, K., Griffin, K., Favier, R., & Ijichi, C. (2018). Poker Face: Discrepancies in behaviour and affective states in horses during stressful handling procedures. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2018.02.003
Susanti, H.I., Lestari, A., Qurniawan, A., Ananda, S., Asgaf, K., & Hidayat, M.N. (2021). Pola Pemasaran Ternak Kuda di Pasar Hewan Tolo Kabupaten Jeneponto. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Industri Peternakan, 7(2), 144–158.
Windsor, P.A. (2021). Progress With Livestock Welfare in Extensive Production Systems : Lessons From Australia. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8(August), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.674482
Yngvesson, J., Torres, J.C.R., Lindholm, J., Pättiniemi, A., Andersson, P., & Sassner, H. (2019). Health and Body Conditions of Riding School. Animals, 9(73). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9030073
Zappaterra, M., Menchetti, L., Costa, L.N., & Padalino, B. (2021). Do Camels (Camelus dromedarius ) Need Shaded Areas ? A Case Study of the Camel Market in Doha. 1–15.
Zeitler-feicht, M.H., Hartmann, E., Erhard, M.H., & Baumgartner, M. (2024). Which affiliative behaviour can be used as a valid , reliable and feasible indicator of positive welfare in horse husbandry ? Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 273(March), 106236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2024.106236
Published
2026-06-22
How to Cite
Lestari, A., Syukri, F., Syam, J., Susanti, H., Asgaf, K., Mursidin, M., & Rusny, R. (2026). ANALISIS INDEKS ANIMAL WELFARE KUDA PADA PASAR KUDA TRADISIONAL (Analysis of the Horse Animal Welfare Index in Traditional Horse Market). JURNAL NUKLEUS PETERNAKAN, 13(1), 79-90. https://doi.org/10.35508/nukleus.v13i1.28376
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