The Dynamics of Psychological Reactance in Society Towards Physical Distancing Policy
-
Rifa’i Anas Amirul Huda(1*)
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya
-
Intan Rahmawati(2)
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya
(*) Corresponding Author
Keywords:
covid-19, psychological reactance, physical distancing, qualitative
Abstract
In the July 2021 period, Covid-19 cases in Indonesia jumped sharply. The Indonesian government responded to the spike in cases by implementing a physical distancing policy called PPKM (Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat). One of the public's responses to the policy is reluctance or disobedience to existing policies because they experience psychological reactance. This research was conducted with the aim of understanding the dynamics of community psychological reactance related to the physical distancing policy in Indonesia. The study used a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach and analyzed using Miles and Huberman's thematic analysis. Sampling was done by using homogeneous variance purposive sampling technique. Collecting data used in this study is to conduct interviews. Research informants totaled 3 people. This study resulted that the three informants felt that their activities were limited during the implementation of the Physical distancing policy. The existence of the physical distancing policy also caused the three informants to feel threatened, both directly and indirectly in economic and academic terms, and their freedoms were disturbed. The form of reactance experienced by each informant was disappointment with the government. The responses of the three informants in an effort to restore their freedom include; not obeying the PPKM rules and breaking them by staying together with the crowd.
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References
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Nugroho, P. D. P. (2020). Anggota DPRD Blora Tetap Kunker ke Lombok di Tengah Wabah Corona, Ini Alasannya. In Kompas.com. https://regional.kompas.com/read/2020/03/20/06242491/anggota-dprd-blora-tetap-kunker-ke-lombok-di-tengah-wabah-corona-ini?page=all
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Puspita, H. R. (2020). Entrevior au travers agen manajemen psychological reactance penanganan dampak covid-19 dalam perspektif ekonomi shariah. Journal of Enterpreneurship, Business Develepment and Economic Education Research., 31–40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32616/jbr.v4i1.212
Reiss, S., Franchina, V., Jutzi, C., Willardt, R., & Jonas, E. (2020). From anxiety to action—Experience of threat, emotional states, reactance, and action preferences in the early days of COVID-19 self-isolation in Germany and Austria. PLoS ONE, 15(12 December), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243193
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Soveri, A., Karlsson, L. C., Antfolk, J., Lindfelt, M., & Lewandowsky, S. (2021). Unwillingness to engage in behaviors that protect against COVID-19: the role of conspiracy beliefs, trust, and endorsement of complementary and alternative medicine. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10643-w
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Steindl, C., Jonas, E., Sittenthaler, S., Traut-Mattausch, E., & Greenberg, J. (2015). Understanding psychological reactance: New developments and findings. Zeitschrift fur Psychologie / Journal of Psychology, 223(4), 205–214. https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000222
Taylor, S., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2021). Negative attitudes about facemasks during the COVID-19 pandemic: The dual importance of perceived ineffectiveness and psychological reactance. PLoS ONE, 16(2 February), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246317
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Woller, K. M. P., Buboltz, W. C., & Loveland, J. M. (2007). Psychological reactance: Examination across age, ethnicity, and gender. American Journal of Psychology, 120(1), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.2307/20445379
Akhtar, N., Nadeem Akhtar, M., Usman, M., Ali, M., & Iqbal Siddiqi, U. (2020). Covid-19 restrictions and consumers’ psychological reactance toward offline shopping freedom restoration. The Service Industries Journal, 40(13–14), 891–913. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2020.1790535
Azari, A. A. (2020). Pengalaman Psikologis Ketidakberdayaan Post COVID-19 di Jember (Studi Kasus). Medical Jurnal of Al Qodiri, 5(2), 7. https://doi.org/10.52264/jurnal_stikesalqodiri.v5i2.41
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2022). Perilaku masyarakat pada masa pandemi covid-19; Hasil survei perilaku masyarakat pada masa pandemi covid-19 periode 16-25 Februari 2022. BPS RI. https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2022/03/15/5026d1ebbb39697c4d2f280a/perilaku-masyarakat-pada-masa-pandemi-covid-19--hasil-survei-perilaku-masyarakat-pada-masa-pandemi-covid-19.html
Brehm, S. S., & Brehm, J. W. (1981). Psychological reactance; A theory of freedom and control (1 ed.). Academic Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/C2013-0-10423-0
Chatterjee, P., Chollet, B., & Trendel, O. (2017). From conformity to reactance: contingent role of network centrality in consumer-to-consumer influence. Journal of Business Research, 75, 86–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.02.012
DeFranza, D., Lindow, M., Harrison, K., Mishra, A., & Mishra, H. (2020). Religion and Reactance to COVID-19 Mitigation Guidelines. American Psychologist, 76(5), 744–754. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000717
Gelfand, M., Jackson, J. C., Pan, X., Nau, D., Dagher, M. M., & Chiu, C.-Y. (2020). Cultural and institutional factors predicting the infection rate and mortality likelihood of the COVID-19 pandemic. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/m7f8a
Gunawan, I. (2021). Sekolah daring, banyak pelajar malah nongkrong di kafe. In Radar Bojonegoro. https://radarbojonegoro.jawapos.com/daerah/bojonegoro/17/03/2021/sekolah-daring-banyak-pelajar-malah-nongkrong-di-kafe/
Han, Q., Zheng, B., Cristea, M., Agostini, M., Belanger, J. J., Gutzkow, B., & Kreienkamp, J. (2021). Trust in government regarding COVID-19 and its associations with preventive health behaviour and prosocial behaviour during the pandemic: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Psychological Medicine, May. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721001306
Herdiana, D. (2020). Social distancing: Indonesian policy reponse to the corona virus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi: Media Pengembangan Ilmu dan Praktek Administrasi, 17(1), 93–110. https://doi.org/10.31113/jia.v17i1.555
Kang, G. W., Piao, Z. (Zoey), & Ko, J. Y. (2021). Descriptive or injunctive: how do restaurant customers react to the guidelines of covid-19 prevention measures? the role of psychological reactance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 95(2001), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102934
Kartono, D. T., Soemanto, R., Zuber, A., Akbar, R. D., & Suryadinata, T. A. (2020). Global civil disobedience trend against anti covid-19 Policy. Education and Humanities Research, 510(Icosaps), 605–615. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201219.092
Kresna, A., & Ahyar, J. (2020). Pengaruh physical distancing dan social distancing terhadap kesehatan dalam pendekatan linguistik. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 21(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.46799/%25J.Vol1.Iss4.42
Launa, & Lusianawati, H. (2021). Potensi Korupsi Dana Bansos di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Majalah Semi Ilmiah Populer Komunikasi Massa, 2(1), 1–22. https://jurnal.kominfo.go.id/index.php/mkm/article/view/4095
Lusianawati, H. (2020). Inkonsistensi Dan Ketidaktegasan Kebijakan Pemerintah Dalam Menangani Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 2(2), 21–39. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36441/thesource.v2i2.306
Miron, A. M., & Brehm, J. W. (2006). Reactance theory - 40 years later. Zeitschrift fur Sozialpsychologie, 37(1), 9–18. https://doi.org/10.1024/0044-3514.37.1.9
Nugroho, P. D. P. (2020). Anggota DPRD Blora Tetap Kunker ke Lombok di Tengah Wabah Corona, Ini Alasannya. In Kompas.com. https://regional.kompas.com/read/2020/03/20/06242491/anggota-dprd-blora-tetap-kunker-ke-lombok-di-tengah-wabah-corona-ini?page=all
Perkasa, V. (2020). Social distancing dan pembangkangan publik: perspektif antropologis dalam menangani wabah COVID-19. CSIS Commentaries DMRU-012, 01(March), 34.
Permatasari, D. (2021). Kebijakan covid-19 dari PSBB hingga PPKM empat level. Kompas.Id. https://kompaspedia.kompas.id/baca/infografik/kronologi/kebijakan-covid-19-dari-psbb-hingga-ppkm-empat-level
Priyo. (2020). 14.047 Orang di Blora terjaring razia protokol kesehatan COVID-19. In Kumparan. com. https://kumparan.com/beritabojonegoro/14-047-orang-di-blora-terjaring-razia-protokol-kesehatan-covid-19-1umPUq2bJ8L/full
Pujaningsih, N. N., & Sucitawathi, I. G. A. A. D. (2020). Penerapan kebijakan pembatasan kegiatan masyarakat (PKM) dalam penanggulangan wabah covid-19 di Kota Denpasar. Moderat, 6(3), 458–470.
Puspita, H. R. (2020). Entrevior au travers agen manajemen psychological reactance penanganan dampak covid-19 dalam perspektif ekonomi shariah. Journal of Enterpreneurship, Business Develepment and Economic Education Research., 31–40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32616/jbr.v4i1.212
Reiss, S., Franchina, V., Jutzi, C., Willardt, R., & Jonas, E. (2020). From anxiety to action—Experience of threat, emotional states, reactance, and action preferences in the early days of COVID-19 self-isolation in Germany and Austria. PLoS ONE, 15(12 December), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243193
Rosidin, imam. (2021). Kades yang Gelar Pesta Pernikahan Saat PPKM Darurat Didenda Rp 48.000. In Kompas.com. https://regional.kompas.com/read/2021/07/26/152750178/kades-yang-gelar-pesta-pernikahan-saat-ppkm-darurat-didenda-rp-48000?page=all
Salendra. (2014). Cofee shop as a media for self -actualization today’s youth. Jurnal The Messenger, 6(2), 49–58. https://doi.org/10.26623/themessenger.v6i2.192
Sittenthaler, S., Traut-Mattausch, E., & Jonas, E. (2015). Observing the restriction of another person: Vicarious reactance and the role of self-construal and culture. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(OCT), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01052
Soveri, A., Karlsson, L. C., Antfolk, J., Lindfelt, M., & Lewandowsky, S. (2021). Unwillingness to engage in behaviors that protect against COVID-19: the role of conspiracy beliefs, trust, and endorsement of complementary and alternative medicine. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10643-w
Sprengholz, P., Felgendref, Ll., Bohm, R., & Betsch, C. (2021). Vaccination policy reactance: predictors, consequences, and countermeasures. PsyArXiv, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/98e4t
Starke, C. (2018). Why do(n’t) we trust in Government ? WAPOR Regional Conference- Political trust in contemporary representative democracies, November 2015. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322203281_Why_don’t_we_trust_in_Government
Steindl, C., Jonas, E., Sittenthaler, S., Traut-Mattausch, E., & Greenberg, J. (2015). Understanding psychological reactance: New developments and findings. Zeitschrift fur Psychologie / Journal of Psychology, 223(4), 205–214. https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000222
Taylor, S., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2021). Negative attitudes about facemasks during the COVID-19 pandemic: The dual importance of perceived ineffectiveness and psychological reactance. PLoS ONE, 16(2 February), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246317
Unicef. (2020). COVID-19: Anak muda harus diprioritaskan dalam upaya pemulihan. Unicef.org. https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/id/press-releases/covid-19-anak-muda-harus-diprioritaskan-dalam-upaya-pemulihan
Wahyudi. (2013). Tinjauan Tentang Perilaku Konsumtif Remaja Pengunjung Mall Samarinda Central Plaza. eJournal Sosiologi, 1(4), 26–36. http://ejournal.ps.fisip-unmul.ac.id/site/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Jurnal wahyudi PDF (11-07-13-07-45-39).pdf
Woller, K. M. P., Buboltz, W. C., & Loveland, J. M. (2007). Psychological reactance: Examination across age, ethnicity, and gender. American Journal of Psychology, 120(1), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.2307/20445379
Published
2023-09-30
How to Cite
Huda, R. A. A., & Rahmawati, I. (2023). The Dynamics of Psychological Reactance in Society Towards Physical Distancing Policy. Journal of Health and Behavioral Science, 5(3), 297 - 312. https://doi.org/10.35508/jhbs.v5i3.13638
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