Adversity Intelligence’s Mediating Role Between Emotional Intelligence and Vaping Dependency
An Intervention Program Basis
-
John Adolfo Narag Lojero(1*)
De La Salle University – Dasmariñas
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7743-3962
-
Jemerson Naceno Dominguez(2)
De La Salle University - Dasmariñas
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3032-0876
(*) Corresponding Author
Keywords:
Emotion regulation, Maladaptive behavior, Vaping, Versatility
Abstract
Introduction In the past years, vape use prevalence has been marked among unfavorable workplaces including its repercussions, and the gap between adversity intelligence (AI) and vaping dependency (VD) was also evident.
Aim This study aimed to determine if AI intervenes in emotional intelligence (EI) and VD and their relations. This study had Filipino (n= 388) employed young adults (18-40) through an online survey.
Result The results showed medium EI, high VD, and below average AI, while EI and AI paths have a positive estimate= 0.7260, p< .001 and a negative estimate= -0.0282, p= 0.010 between AI and VD. The surprising positive estimate= 0.041, p< .001 of EI and VD was a contextual factor.
Conclusion Abruptly, AI served as a suppressor (estimate= -0.006, p< 0.019) indicating that VD may reduce when EI noise is repealed. Thus, EI may positively influence AI, and AI may negatively affect VD. AI’s influence between EI and VD shows inconsistent mediation.
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References
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Sukmahidayat, R. L. A., Prasetyo, A. W., & Ismayadhani, N. (2020). The correlation between adversity quotient (AQ) with the intention to recover in addiction residents at the Drug Dependency Hospital Cibubur, East Jakarta, Indonesia. European Journal of Public Health Studies, 2(2).
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Tajik, O., Golzar, J., & Noor, S. (2025). Purposive sampling. International Journal of Education & Language Studies, 1-9.
Teah, G.E., & Conner, T.S. (2021). Psychological and demographic predictors of vaping and vaping Susceptibility in young adults. Front. Psychol. 12(3-4), 104. https://doi. 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.659206
Vogel, E. A., Cho, J., McConnell, R. S., Barrington-Trimis, J. L., & Leventhal, A. M. (2020). Prevalence of electronic cigarette dependence among youth and its association with future use. JAMA network open, 3(2), e1921513-e1921513.
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Alvarado, A. E., & Ramos, B. A. (2024). Profile and Attitude Towards Vaping Among Young Adults: Basis For Developing An Evidence-Based Information, Education And Communication Material. AIDE Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 8, 19-38.
Augusto-Landa, J. M., García-Martínez, I., & León, S. P. (2024). Analysis of the effect of emotional intelligence and coping strategies on the anxiety, stress and depression levels of university students. Psychological reports, 127(4), 1751-1770.
Autriz, A. E., Cadayona, J. Q., Dominguez, J., & Mercano, J. (2024). Expressed Emotion, Alcohol Use Disorder Tendency and The Moderating Role of Congruence Among Unemployed Young Adult Males. Psikoislamika: Jurnal Psikologi dan Psikologi Islam, 21(1), 52-67.
Baako, I., Alhassan, H., & Gidisu, P. (2022). Understanding and spotting research gaps through a systematic literature review. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 6(3), 549-554.
Baog, I. W., & Cagape, W. (2022). Adversity quotient and work commitment among public secondary school teachers in Davao City. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 29(2), 25–45. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2022/v29i230695
Beck, J. S., & Fleming, S. (2021). A Brief History of Aaron T. Beck, MD, and Cognitive Behavior Therapy. Clinical psychology in Europe, 3(2), e6701. https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.6701
Beyer, A., & Lazzara, J. (2020). Psychology Through the Lifespan (2nd ed.).
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Biggs, A., & Brough, P. (2025). Stress and Coping Theory. In Handbook of Concepts in Health, Health Behavior and Environmental Health (pp. 1-23). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
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Chadha, N. (2021). Adversity Quotient: Surviving Rather Than Giving Up. Psychology and Education, 58(2), 5942–5947.
Chaleechad, S., Nentakong, T., Punrasi, P., La-up, A., Tadee, A., & Baubhom, T. (2026). The impact of e-cigarette use on cognitive function, emotional intelligence, and dementia risk in adolescents and young adults. Scientific Reports.
David, H. (2025, January 8). Vaping Statistics 2025: Youth Usage, Health Risks,andMarketTrends.WHFoods.https://whfoods.org/facts/vaping-statistics/
Department of Health. (2024). E-cigarettes and vaping. Government of WesternAustralia.https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/U_Z/Vaping
Dias, R. (2024). Cross-cultural adaptation. In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research (pp. 1512-1516). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Fidova, M., & Pareke, F. (2024). The impact of emotional quotient on adaptive performance in government institutions with adversity quotient serving as a mediating. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, &Akuntansi(MEA),8(1),476-492.https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v8i1.3696
Fteiha, M., & Awwad, N. (2020). Emotional intelligence and its relationship with stress coping style. Health psychology open, 7(2), 2055102920970416.
Ghanad, A. (2023). An overview of quantitative research methods. International journal of multidisciplinary research and analysis, 6(08), 3794-3803.
Goel, S. (2025). Impact of Anxiety and Peer Pressure in Using Vapes/E-Cigarettes in Young Adults (18–23). International Journal of Indian Psychȯlogy, 13(2).
Halladay, J., Visontay, R., Sunderland, M., Rowe, A. L., Smout, S., Devine, E., Stockings, E., Andrews, J. L., Champion, K. E., Gardner, L., Newton, N., Teesson, M., & Slade, T. (2025). Exploring a diverse set of specifications related to associations between adolescent smoking, vaping, and emotional problems: a multiverse analysis. Addictive Behaviors, 169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108380
Hassan, M. (2024, March 25). Convenience Sampling – Method, Types and Examples. https://researchmethod.net/convenience-sampling/
Hegarty, D., Buchanan, B., Smyth, C., Baker, S. & Bartholomew, E. (2025). A Review of the Clinical Utility and Psychometric Properties oftheBriefEmotionalIntelligenceScale(BEIS-10):Norms,PercentileRankings,andQualitativeDescriptors.https://novopsych.com.au/assessments/
Henning, C., Crane, A. G., Taylor, R. N., & Parker, J. D. (2021). Emotional intelligence: Relevance and implications for addiction. Current Addiction Reports, 8(1), 28-34. (EI& addiction)
Herzog, R. (2024, September 1). Coping with Life Transitions: Mastering Change in Young Adulthood. Center for Cognitive Behavior Therapy. https://centerforcbt.org/2024/09/01/life-transitions-young-adulthood/
Jawabreh N. (2024). The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Coping Behaviors among Nurses in the Intensive Care Unit. SAGE opennursing,10,23779608241242853.https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608241242853
John Hopkins. (2024, April). E-cigarette use among Filipino adults who smoke. Institute for Global Tobacco Control.
Joseph, W. (2025). Coping Mechanisms in Psychology: An In-Depth Exploration of Strategies for Managing Stress and Adversity.
Kaloriya, D. (2024). The Correlation between Self-Efficacy & Resilience among Young Nicotine Consumers. International Journal of Indian Psychȯlogy, 12(2).
López-Ojeda, W., & Hurley, R. A. (2024). Vaping and the Brain: Effects of Electronic Cigarettes and E-Liquid Substances. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 36(1), A5-5. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20230184
Lu, L., Ye, C., Xu, R., Feng, H., & Liu, B. (2024). Psychological resilience and perceived stress among Chinese medical students: mediation between optimistic intelligence quotient and adversity quotient.SpringerNatureLink,24,1358.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-06287-0
McLeod, S. (2023, November 29). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). SimplyPsychology.https://www.simplypsychology.org/cognitive-therapy.html
Michulek, J., Gajanova, L., Sujanska, L., & Tesarova, E. N. (2024). Understanding how workplace dynamics affect the psychological well-being of university teachers. Administrative Sciences, 14(12), 336.
Mohamed, A. H., Touni, M. I., Caspillo, I. J., Malek, M. G. N., Eltantawy, E. E. E., Hendy, A., & Mahmoud, M. F. H. (2026). Courage with Clarity: Emotional Intelligence as a Mediator between Moral Courage and E-Cigarette Dependence among Nursing Students.
National Addictions Management Service. (2025). Signs and Symptoms of Vaping.https://www.nams.sg/helpseekers/Smoking%20and%20Vaping/Pages/Signs-&-Symptoms-of-Vaping-.aspx#
Nullan, A. (2023). Adversity Quotient® as Mediating Variable to Depersonalization and Job Performance of Public Elementary School Teachers. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 13(10), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8380256
Pienkowski, M., Chaiton, M., Bondy, S. J., Cohen, J. E., Dubray, J., Eissenberg, T., Kaufman, P., Stanbrook, M. B., Loughlin, J. O., Dos Santos, J., & Schwartz, R. (2024). Milestones in the natural course of the onset of e-cigarette dependence among adolescents and young adults:retrospectivestudy.AddictiveBehaviors,148.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107846
Pines, J. (2026, April 6). 1.6 Million Teens Are Vaping. Health Risks Are WorseThanYouThink.Forbes.https://www.forbes.com/sites/jessepines/2026/04/06/16-million-teens-are-vaping-health-risks-are-worse-than-you-think/
Psychreg. (2025, January 7). The Worst Industries to Work in for Your Health, According to New Workplace Well-Being Index. https://www.psychreg.org/worst-industries-work-health-new-workplace-well-being-index/
Romm, K. F., Patterson, B., Crawford, N. D., Posner, H., West, C. D., Wedding, D., ... & Berg, C. J. (2022). Changes in young adult substance use during COVID-19 as a function of ACEs, depression, prior substance use and resilience. Substance abuse, 43(1), 212-221.
Rumondor, P., Pranajaya, S. A., Sudadi, S., Rumfot, S., & Rofi’i, A. (2023). The Analysis of Relationship Between Parenting Pattern, Demographic Variables, Adversity Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence.
Saran, S. K., Salinas, K. Z., Foulds, J., Kaynak, Ö., Hoglen, B., Houser, K. R., Krebs, N. M., Yingst, J. M., Allen, S. I., Bordner, C. R., & Hobkirk, A. L. (2022). A Comparison of Vaping Behavior, Perceptions, and Dependence among Individuals Who Vape Nicotine, Cannabis, or Both. International JournalofEnvironmentalResearchandPublicHealth,19(16),10392.https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610392
Sekar, D., & Bhuvaneswari, M. (2024). Drug dependency due to traumatic childhood experiences and low emotional intelligence of juvenile felons in India. Deviant Behavior, 45(8), 1144-1154.
Sukmahidayat, R. L. A., Prasetyo, A. W., & Ismayadhani, N. (2020). The correlation between adversity quotient (AQ) with the intention to recover in addiction residents at the Drug Dependency Hospital Cibubur, East Jakarta, Indonesia. European Journal of Public Health Studies, 2(2).
Sulaiman, Z., & Singla, S. (2024). Examining the relationship between smoking and stress. Journal Of Indian Research, 12(3-4), 104.
Suslovic, B., & Lett, E. (2024). Resilience is an adverse event: A critical discussion of resilience theory in health services research and public health. Community Health Equity Research & Policy, 44(3), 339-343.
Tajik, O., Golzar, J., & Noor, S. (2025). Purposive sampling. International Journal of Education & Language Studies, 1-9.
Teah, G.E., & Conner, T.S. (2021). Psychological and demographic predictors of vaping and vaping Susceptibility in young adults. Front. Psychol. 12(3-4), 104. https://doi. 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.659206
Vogel, E. A., Cho, J., McConnell, R. S., Barrington-Trimis, J. L., & Leventhal, A. M. (2020). Prevalence of electronic cigarette dependence among youth and its association with future use. JAMA network open, 3(2), e1921513-e1921513.
Widodo, W., Gustari, I., & Chandrawaty, C. (2022). Adversity quotient promotes teachers’ professional competence more strongly than emotional intelligence: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Intelligence, 10(3), 44.
Wojciechowski, T. (2025). Understanding Time to vaping Onset in Childhood and Adolescence: A Dual Systems Model approach. InternationalSocietyofAddictionJournalEditors,268.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112575
Xie, Z., Ossip, D. J., Rahman, I., O'Connor, R. J., & Li, D. (2020). Electronic cigarette use and subjective cognitive complaints in adults. PloSone,15(11),e0241599.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241599
Yin, J., Liu, Z., Yu, K., Kong, B., Mou, X., Zhang, X., & Ma, W. (2023). A study on the simulation of psychological and behavioral dynamics in the unsafe state of coal mine workers. Frontiers in Earth Science, 11, 1085200.
Published
2026-06-29
How to Cite
Lojero, J. A., & Dominguez, J. (2026). Adversity Intelligence’s Mediating Role Between Emotional Intelligence and Vaping Dependency. Journal of Health and Behavioral Science, 8(2), 101-117. https://doi.org/10.35508/jhbs.v8i2.28411
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Copyright (c) 2026 John Adolfo Narag Lojero, Jemerson Naceno Dominguez
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