THE IMPACT OF WORKPLACE SPRITUALITY AND TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP MEDIATED BY JOB SATISFACTION ON ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR
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Adam Maulana(1)
Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Trisakti
-
Justine Tanuwijaya(2*)
Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Trisakti
-
Viraditya Nadine Al Faritsi(3)
Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Trisakti
-
Dinda Fitri Andari(4)
Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Trisakti
-
Norzanah Mat Nor(5)
Arshad Ayub Graduate Business School (AAGBS) Universiti Teknologi Mara, Selangor
(*) Corresponding Author
Keywords:
Workplace Spirituality, Transformational Leadership, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the influence of workplace spirituality and transformational leadership, mediated by job satisfaction, on the organizational citizenship behavior of employees at PT. Chandra Asri Petrochemical and PT Asahimas Chemical. All respondents in this study are employees of PT. Chandra Asri Petrochemical and PT Asahimas Chemical. Data collection methods were conducted through the distribution of questionnaires to 308 employees of PT. Chandra Asri Petrochemical and PT. Asahimas Chemical uses the purposive sampling technique for sample selection. Hypothesis testing was conducted using the structural equation model (SEM) method. The results of this study indicate that workplace spirituality has a positive influence on organizational citizenship behavior, workplace spirituality has a positive effect on job satisfaction, transformational leadership has a positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior, transformational leadership does not have a positive effect on job satisfaction, job satisfaction has a positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior, workplace spirituality has a positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior mediated by job satisfaction, and transformational leadership does not have a positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior mediated by job satisfaction. The managerial implications of this research require the company to enhance patience among coworkers, pay more attention to individual support for staff, increase the enjoyment aspect of work, and give more attention to employees who are reluctant to use their time for voluntary work.
Keywords: Workplace Spirituality; Transformational Leadership; Job Satisfaction; Organizational Citizenship Behavior
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References
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Bass, B. and Riggio, R. (2015) Transformational leadership : Second edition, Transformational Leadership: Second Edition. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410617095.
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https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v11n8p256.
Belwalkar, S., Vohra, V. and Pandey, A. (2018) ‘The relationship between workplace spirituality, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors – an empirical study’, Social Responsibility Journal, 14(2), pp. 410–430. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-05-2016-0096.
Brown, A. and Green, T. (2018) ‘Beyond teaching instructional design models: exploring the design process to advance professional development and expertise’, Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 30. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-017-9164-y.
Bushra, F., Usman, A. and Naveed, A. (2021) ‘Effect of Transformational Leadership on Employees’ Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in Banking Sector of Lahore (Pakistan)’, International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2.
Danish, R. and Ali, U. (2020) ‘Impact of Reward and Recognition on Job Satisfaction and Motivation: An Empirical Study from Pakistan’, International Journal of Business and Management, 5. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v5n2p159.
Dubey, P., Pathak, A.K. and Sahu, K.K. (2022) ‘Analysing workplace spirituality as a mediator in the link between job satisfaction and organisational citizenship behaviour’, Management Matters, 19(2), pp. 109–128. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/manm-12-2021-0003.
Dumayas II, G.R. and Dura, A.P. (2024) ‘The Mediating Effect Of Workplace Spirituality On The Relationship Between Work Values And Organizational Citizenship Behavior Of Local Government Unit Employees’, European Journal of Social Sciences Studies, 10(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.46827/ejsss.v10i1.1743.
Ghasemy, M. and Elwood, J.A. (2023) ‘Job satisfaction, academic motivation, and organizational citizenship behavior among lecturers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-national comparative study in Japan and Malaysia’, Asia Pacific Education Review, 24(3), pp. 353–367. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-022-09757-6.
Hair, J.F. et al. (2019) ‘When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM’, European Business Review, 31(1), pp. 2–24. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203.
Han, Y., Abdullah, A. and Hwang, K. (2023) ‘Transformational Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Egypt: Roles of Organizational Commitment, Public Service Motivation, and Organizational Justice’, Journal of Policy Studies, 38(4), pp. 23–39. Available at: https://doi.org/10.52372/jps38403.
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.054.
Judge, T., Scott, B. and Ilies, R. (2016) ‘Hostility, Job Attitudes, and Workplace Deviance: Test of a Multilevel Model’, The Journal of applied psychology, 91, pp. 126–138. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.1.126.
Kader, A. N. and Tang, S. (2016) ‘Does Multiple Leadership Styles Mediated by Job Satisfaction Influence Better Business Performance? Perception of MNC Employees in Malaysia’, SHS Web of Conferences, 23, p. 02005. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20162302005.
Kao, J.-C., Cho, C.-C. and Kao, R.-H. (2023) ‘Perceived organizational support and organizational citizenship behavior–A study of the moderating effect of volunteer participation motivation, and cross-level effect of transformational leadership and organizational climate’, Frontiers in Psychology, 14. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1082130.
Lee, M.C.C. et al. (2024) ‘Transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: new mediating roles for trustworthiness and trust in team leaders’, Current Psychology, 43(11), pp. 9567–9582. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-05095-x.
Malekar, S. (2020) ‘Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Review’, International Journal of Work Organisation and Emotion, 11, p. 1. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWOE.2020.10031493.
Malta, W. and Tanuwijaya, J. (2023) ‘The Influence Of Work-Family Conflict And Reward On Job Satisfaction And Job Performance In Footwear Manufacture, Tangerang’, JWM (Jurnal Wawasan Manajemen), 11, pp. 15–25. Available at: https://doi.org/10.20527/jwm.v11i1.236.
Manoppo, V. (2020) ‘Transformational leadership as a factor that decreases turnover intention: a mediation of work stress and organizational citizenship behavior’, The TQM Journal, ahead-of-print. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-05-2020-0097.
Marshall, J. (2011) ‘Images of changing practice through reflective action research’, Journal of Organizational Change Management, 24, pp. 244–256. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/09534811111119799.
Milliman, J., Gatling, A. and Kim, J. (2018) ‘The effect of workplace spirituality on hospitality employee engagement, intention to stay, and service delivery’, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 35, pp. 56–65. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2018.03.002.
Mohamed, A.K.Y.S. et al. (2022) ‘A systematic literature review for authorization and access control: definitions, strategies and models’, International Journal of Web Information Systems, 18(2/3), pp. 156–180. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1108/IJWIS-04-2022-0077.
Nur, M. L., Suparno, S. and Rosyidah, U. (2023) ‘A Systematic Literature Review on Technology-Based Learning Media in ECE to Face Society 5.0 Era’, Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 7, pp. 5181–5195. Available at: https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i5.4997.
Oktoriyana, A., Sumarwan, U. and Hartoyo, H. (2014) ‘Perumusan Strategi Pemasaran Fry Counter dengan Pendekatan Model AIDA’, Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, 7, pp. 103–112. Available at: https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2014.7.2.103.
Organ, D., Podsakoff, P. and MacKenzie, S. (2006) Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Its Nature, Antecedents, and Consequences. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452231082.
Organ, D. W. (2018) ‘Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Recent Trends and Developments’, Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5(1), pp. 295–306. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104536.
Özdemir, M. et al. (2024) ‘Transformational leadership and job satisfaction in vocational high schools in Türkiye: a multilevel mediation model of teacher professional learning and self-efficacy’, Journal of Educational Administration, 62(3), pp. 309–324. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-08-2023-0200.
Piccolo, R. et al. (2021) ‘The relative impact of complementary leader behaviors: Which matter most?’, The Leadership Quarterly, 23, pp. 567–581. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.12.008.
Plowman, D. and Duchon, D. (2020) ‘Spirituality at WorkA Conceptualization and Measure’, Journal of Management Inquiry - J MANAGE INQUIRY, 9, pp. 134–145. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/105649260092008.
Podsakoff, P. et al. (2020) ‘Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers’ trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors’, The Leadership Quarterly, 1, pp. 107–142. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(90)90009-7.
Rayadi, A., Sapri, S. and Tanuwijaya, J. (2022) ‘Pengaruh Employer Brand Experience Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior’, Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi (MEA), 6(1). Available at:
https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v6i1.1878.
Rego, A. and Cunha, M. (2008) ‘Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: An empirical study’, Journal of Organizational Change Management, 21, pp. 53–75. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810810847039.
Reid, W. and Karambayya, R. (2016) ‘The shadow of history: Situated dynamics of trust in dual executive leadership’, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 12, pp. 609–631. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715015579931.
Saeri, M. et al. (2023) ‘Mental Health of Healthcare Workers During the Third Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Did We Forget them after the First Wave?’, Advanced Biomedical Research, 12. Available at:
https://journals.lww.com/adbm/fulltext/2023/11290/mental_health_of_healthcare_workers_during_the.18.aspx.
Sani, F. et al. (2018) ‘Perceived Collective Continuity: Seeing Groups as Entities That Move Through Time’, European Journal of Social Psychology, 37, pp. 1118–1134. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.430.
Sreeja, T., Mukherjee, U. and Itam, U. (2023) ‘Workplace Spirituality and Turnover Intentions: Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction’. Available at: https://doi.org/10.18311/sdmimd/2023/32530.
Uddin, Md. J. et al. (2024) ‘Effect of Leadership Behaviors and Job Satisfaction on Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Private Commercial Banks in Bangladesh: A Conceptual Framework’, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(4). Available at: https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v14-i4/21071.
Urbini, F. et al. (2023) ‘Job satisfaction and OCBs: what’s new? The mediating role of organizational identification’, International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 31(5), pp. 1748–1762. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-07-2021-2865.
Utami, N., Ratnaningsih, N. and Lastariwati, B. (2021) ‘Utami et al 2021 Uji kesukaan dan kandungan gizi tuna mentai sebagai alternatif main course untuk mencegah stunting’, AGROINTEK, 15, pp. 382–388. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.21107/agrointek.v15i1.8862.
Wang, X. et al. (2021) ‘Wang et al. Respond’, American Journal of Public Health, 111, pp. e23–e23. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306164.
Wang, Y.-S. et al. (2010) ‘Development and validation of an internet entrepreneurial self-efficacy scale’, Internet Research, 30(2), pp. 653–675. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-07-2018-0294.
Yusof, J., Yaacob, H.F. and Rahman, S. (2018) ‘The Relationship of Workplace Spirituality on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour’, Sains Humanika, 10. Available at: https://doi.org/10.11113/sh.v10n2.1399.
Angelica, D., Oktaviana, D. and Tanuwijaya, J. (2022) ‘Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional Dan Organizational Citizenship Behavior Terhadap Intensi Pindah Kerja (Turnover) Di Industri Konstruksi’, Publik: Jurnal Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, Administrasi dan Pelayanan Publik, 9, pp. 125–143. Available at: https://doi.org/10.37606/publik.v9i2.290.
Bass, B. et al. (2013) ‘Predicting Unit Performance by Assessing Transformational and Transactional Leadership’, The Journal of applied psychology, 88, pp. 207–218. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.2.207.
Bass, B. and Riggio, R. (2015) Transformational leadership : Second edition, Transformational Leadership: Second Edition. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410617095.
Belwalkar, S. and Vohra, V. (2016) ‘Workplace Spirituality, Job Satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors : A Theoretical Model’, International Journal of Business and Management, 11(8), p. 256. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v11n8p256.
Belwalkar, S., Vohra, V. and Pandey, A. (2018) ‘The relationship between workplace spirituality, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors – an empirical study’, Social Responsibility Journal, 14(2), pp. 410–430. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-05-2016-0096.
Brown, A. and Green, T. (2018) ‘Beyond teaching instructional design models: exploring the design process to advance professional development and expertise’, Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 30. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-017-9164-y.
Bushra, F., Usman, A. and Naveed, A. (2021) ‘Effect of Transformational Leadership on Employees’ Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in Banking Sector of Lahore (Pakistan)’, International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2.
Danish, R. and Ali, U. (2020) ‘Impact of Reward and Recognition on Job Satisfaction and Motivation: An Empirical Study from Pakistan’, International Journal of Business and Management, 5. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v5n2p159.
Dubey, P., Pathak, A.K. and Sahu, K.K. (2022) ‘Analysing workplace spirituality as a mediator in the link between job satisfaction and organisational citizenship behaviour’, Management Matters, 19(2), pp. 109–128. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/manm-12-2021-0003.
Dumayas II, G.R. and Dura, A.P. (2024) ‘The Mediating Effect Of Workplace Spirituality On The Relationship Between Work Values And Organizational Citizenship Behavior Of Local Government Unit Employees’, European Journal of Social Sciences Studies, 10(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.46827/ejsss.v10i1.1743.
Ghasemy, M. and Elwood, J.A. (2023) ‘Job satisfaction, academic motivation, and organizational citizenship behavior among lecturers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-national comparative study in Japan and Malaysia’, Asia Pacific Education Review, 24(3), pp. 353–367. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-022-09757-6.
Hair, J.F. et al. (2019) ‘When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM’, European Business Review, 31(1), pp. 2–24. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203.
Han, Y., Abdullah, A. and Hwang, K. (2023) ‘Transformational Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Egypt: Roles of Organizational Commitment, Public Service Motivation, and Organizational Justice’, Journal of Policy Studies, 38(4), pp. 23–39. Available at: https://doi.org/10.52372/jps38403.
Israel, K.-F. (2009) ‘Rothbard, Murray’, in A. Marciano and G.B. Ramello (eds) Encyclopedia of Law and Economics. New York, NY: Springer New York, pp. 1–8. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7883-6_514-2.
James, E. et al. (2017) ‘Consolidation of vocabulary during sleep: The rich get richer?’, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 77. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.054.
Judge, T., Scott, B. and Ilies, R. (2016) ‘Hostility, Job Attitudes, and Workplace Deviance: Test of a Multilevel Model’, The Journal of applied psychology, 91, pp. 126–138. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.1.126.
Kader, A. N. and Tang, S. (2016) ‘Does Multiple Leadership Styles Mediated by Job Satisfaction Influence Better Business Performance? Perception of MNC Employees in Malaysia’, SHS Web of Conferences, 23, p. 02005. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20162302005.
Kao, J.-C., Cho, C.-C. and Kao, R.-H. (2023) ‘Perceived organizational support and organizational citizenship behavior–A study of the moderating effect of volunteer participation motivation, and cross-level effect of transformational leadership and organizational climate’, Frontiers in Psychology, 14. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1082130.
Lee, M.C.C. et al. (2024) ‘Transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: new mediating roles for trustworthiness and trust in team leaders’, Current Psychology, 43(11), pp. 9567–9582. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-05095-x.
Malekar, S. (2020) ‘Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Review’, International Journal of Work Organisation and Emotion, 11, p. 1. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1504/IJWOE.2020.10031493.
Malta, W. and Tanuwijaya, J. (2023) ‘The Influence Of Work-Family Conflict And Reward On Job Satisfaction And Job Performance In Footwear Manufacture, Tangerang’, JWM (Jurnal Wawasan Manajemen), 11, pp. 15–25. Available at: https://doi.org/10.20527/jwm.v11i1.236.
Manoppo, V. (2020) ‘Transformational leadership as a factor that decreases turnover intention: a mediation of work stress and organizational citizenship behavior’, The TQM Journal, ahead-of-print. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-05-2020-0097.
Marshall, J. (2011) ‘Images of changing practice through reflective action research’, Journal of Organizational Change Management, 24, pp. 244–256. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/09534811111119799.
Milliman, J., Gatling, A. and Kim, J. (2018) ‘The effect of workplace spirituality on hospitality employee engagement, intention to stay, and service delivery’, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 35, pp. 56–65. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2018.03.002.
Mohamed, A.K.Y.S. et al. (2022) ‘A systematic literature review for authorization and access control: definitions, strategies and models’, International Journal of Web Information Systems, 18(2/3), pp. 156–180. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1108/IJWIS-04-2022-0077.
Nur, M. L., Suparno, S. and Rosyidah, U. (2023) ‘A Systematic Literature Review on Technology-Based Learning Media in ECE to Face Society 5.0 Era’, Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 7, pp. 5181–5195. Available at: https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i5.4997.
Oktoriyana, A., Sumarwan, U. and Hartoyo, H. (2014) ‘Perumusan Strategi Pemasaran Fry Counter dengan Pendekatan Model AIDA’, Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga dan Konsumen, 7, pp. 103–112. Available at: https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2014.7.2.103.
Organ, D., Podsakoff, P. and MacKenzie, S. (2006) Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Its Nature, Antecedents, and Consequences. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452231082.
Organ, D. W. (2018) ‘Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Recent Trends and Developments’, Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5(1), pp. 295–306. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104536.
Özdemir, M. et al. (2024) ‘Transformational leadership and job satisfaction in vocational high schools in Türkiye: a multilevel mediation model of teacher professional learning and self-efficacy’, Journal of Educational Administration, 62(3), pp. 309–324. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-08-2023-0200.
Piccolo, R. et al. (2021) ‘The relative impact of complementary leader behaviors: Which matter most?’, The Leadership Quarterly, 23, pp. 567–581. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.12.008.
Plowman, D. and Duchon, D. (2020) ‘Spirituality at WorkA Conceptualization and Measure’, Journal of Management Inquiry - J MANAGE INQUIRY, 9, pp. 134–145. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/105649260092008.
Podsakoff, P. et al. (2020) ‘Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers’ trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors’, The Leadership Quarterly, 1, pp. 107–142. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(90)90009-7.
Rayadi, A., Sapri, S. and Tanuwijaya, J. (2022) ‘Pengaruh Employer Brand Experience Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior’, Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi (MEA), 6(1). Available at:
https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v6i1.1878.
Rego, A. and Cunha, M. (2008) ‘Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: An empirical study’, Journal of Organizational Change Management, 21, pp. 53–75. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810810847039.
Reid, W. and Karambayya, R. (2016) ‘The shadow of history: Situated dynamics of trust in dual executive leadership’, Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 12, pp. 609–631. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715015579931.
Saeri, M. et al. (2023) ‘Mental Health of Healthcare Workers During the Third Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Did We Forget them after the First Wave?’, Advanced Biomedical Research, 12. Available at:
https://journals.lww.com/adbm/fulltext/2023/11290/mental_health_of_healthcare_workers_during_the.18.aspx.
Sani, F. et al. (2018) ‘Perceived Collective Continuity: Seeing Groups as Entities That Move Through Time’, European Journal of Social Psychology, 37, pp. 1118–1134. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.430.
Sreeja, T., Mukherjee, U. and Itam, U. (2023) ‘Workplace Spirituality and Turnover Intentions: Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction’. Available at: https://doi.org/10.18311/sdmimd/2023/32530.
Uddin, Md. J. et al. (2024) ‘Effect of Leadership Behaviors and Job Satisfaction on Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Private Commercial Banks in Bangladesh: A Conceptual Framework’, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(4). Available at: https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v14-i4/21071.
Urbini, F. et al. (2023) ‘Job satisfaction and OCBs: what’s new? The mediating role of organizational identification’, International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 31(5), pp. 1748–1762. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-07-2021-2865.
Utami, N., Ratnaningsih, N. and Lastariwati, B. (2021) ‘Utami et al 2021 Uji kesukaan dan kandungan gizi tuna mentai sebagai alternatif main course untuk mencegah stunting’, AGROINTEK, 15, pp. 382–388. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.21107/agrointek.v15i1.8862.
Wang, X. et al. (2021) ‘Wang et al. Respond’, American Journal of Public Health, 111, pp. e23–e23. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306164.
Wang, Y.-S. et al. (2010) ‘Development and validation of an internet entrepreneurial self-efficacy scale’, Internet Research, 30(2), pp. 653–675. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-07-2018-0294.
Yusof, J., Yaacob, H.F. and Rahman, S. (2018) ‘The Relationship of Workplace Spirituality on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour’, Sains Humanika, 10. Available at: https://doi.org/10.11113/sh.v10n2.1399.
Published
2024-11-19
How to Cite
Maulana, A., Tanuwijaya, J., Al Faritsi, V., Andari, D., & Nor, N. (2024). THE IMPACT OF WORKPLACE SPRITUALITY AND TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP MEDIATED BY JOB SATISFACTION ON ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR. Journal of Management : Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), 17(3), 1407-1427. https://doi.org/10.35508/jom.v17i3.18411
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Articles
