THE IMPACT OF MIGRANT WORKER INCLUSION ON PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING, WORK STRESS, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION:
IMPLICATIONS FOR THE COMPETITIVENESS OF INDONESIAN MIGRANT WORKERS
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Dadi Mulyadi(1*)
Master of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Bina Bangsa
-
Tata Rustandi(2)
Master of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Bina Bangsa
-
Udin Suadma(3)
Master of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Bina Bangsa
(*) Corresponding Author
Keywords:
Competitiveness, Migrant Worker Inclusion, Psychological Well-being, Work Stress, Psychological Adaptation
Abstract
This study analyzes the impact of inclusion on psychological well-being, work stress, psychological adaptation, and competitiveness among Indonesian migrant workers in Taiwan. Using 170 respondents from the informal sector (caregivers), SEM-PLS is applied to examine variable relationships. Results show that inclusion significantly affects psychological well-being, work stress, psychological adaptation, and competitiveness. Psychological well-being enhances competitiveness, while work stress has no significant impact. Psychological adaptation plays a crucial role in increasing competitiveness. Mediation analysis reveals that psychological well-being and psychological adaptation significantly mediate the relationship between inclusion and competitiveness, whereas work stress does not. The study concludes that inclusion improves well-being, adaptation, and competitiveness, despite increasing work stress, which does not influence competitiveness. An inclusive work environment is essential to support the well-being and competitiveness of migrant workers by reducing stress and fostering psychological adaptation.
Keywords : Competitiveness; Migrant Worker Inclusion; Psychological Well-being; Work Stress; Psychological Adaptation
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References
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Mak, J., Zimmerman, C., & Roberts, B. (2021). Coping with migration-related stressors - a qualitative study of Nepali male labour migrants. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1131. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11192-y
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2021.100223
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https://doi.org/10.46306/jbbe.v18i1.820
Park, S., & Park, S. (2019). Employee Adaptive Performance and Its Antecedents: Review and Synthesis. Human Resource Development Review, 18(3), 294–324. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484319836315
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Sihotang, H. (2023). Quantitative research methods. http://repository.uki.ac.id/13063/
Singh, R., & Ramdeo, S. (2023). From Diversity to Inclusion in the Workplace. In Contemporary Perspectives in Human Resource Management and Organizational Behavior (pp. 79–98). Springer International Publishing.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30225-1_5
Stanley, S., & Sebastine, A. J. (2023). Work-life balance, social support, and burnout: A quantitative study of social workers. Journal of Social Work, 23(6), 1135–1155. https://doi.org/10.1177/14680173231197930
Vohra, N., Chari (Coordinators), V., Mathur, P., Sudarshan, P., Verma, N., Mathur, N., Thakur, P., Chopra, T., Srivastava, Y., Gupta, S., Dasmahapatra, V., Fonia, S., & Gandhi, H. K. (2015). Inclusive Workplaces: Lessons from Theory and Practice. Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers, 40(3), 324–362.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0256090915601515
Adam, I., Agyeiwaah, E., & Dayour, F. (2023). Migrant worker inclusion and psychological well-being: Insights from the hospitality and tourism workplace. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 55, 448–459.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2023.05.016
Adams, J. M. (2019). The Value of Worker Well-Being. Public Health Reports, 134(6), 583–586. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033354919878434
Agyeiwaah, E., Bangwayo-Skeete, P., & Opoku, E. K. (2024). The impact of migrant workers’ inclusion on subjective well-being, organizational identification, and organizational citizenship behavior. Tourism Review, 79(1), 250–265. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-11-2022-0576
Alvarado, L. E. (2020). Migrant Work and Its Implications for Psychosocial and Mental Health (pp. 79–93). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52632-0_6
Anderson, B., Khadka, U., & Ruhs, M. (2024). Demand for migrant workers: institutional system effects beyond national borders. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 50(5), 1202–1225. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2023.2279741
Anggara, R., Mulyana, S., Gayatri, G., & Hafiar, H. (2024). Understanding the motivations of being Indonesian migrant workers. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2333968
Ardyan, E., Boari, Y., Akhmad, A., Yuliyani, L., Hildawati, H., Suarni, A., ... & Judijanto, L. (2023). Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Method Approaches in Various Fields. PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia.
Ashikali, T., Groeneveld, S., & Kuipers, B. (2021). The Role of Inclusive Leadership in Supporting an Inclusive Climate in Diverse Public Sector Teams. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 41(3), 497–519.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X19899722
BP2MI. (2023). Data Penempatan dan Perlindungan PMI Juni 2023. Badan Pelindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia, 2. https://bp2mi.go.id/statistik-detail/data-penempatan-dan-pelindungan-pekerja-migran-indonesia-periode-agustus-2023
Butler, C. L., Paolillo, A., & Scuderi, V. E. (2023). Migrant Inclusion and Wider Workforce Well-being: Understanding the MNE Challenges and Solutions through the Diversity Climates Lens. In The Palgrave Handbook of Global Migration in International Business (pp. 325–352). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38886-6_15
Chen, X. (2018). Culture, temperament, and social and psychological adjustment. Developmental Review, 50, 42–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2018.03.004
Ciaramella, M., Monacelli, N., & Cocimano, L. C. E. (2022). Promotion of Resilience in Migrants: A Systematic Review of Study and Psychosocial Intervention. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 24(5), 1328–1344.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-021-01247-y
Cremers, J. (2022). Invisible but not unlimited – migrant workers and their working and living conditions. Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, 28(2), 285–289. https://doi.org/10.1177/10242589221089819
Fejes, A., Chamberland, M., & Sultana, R. G. (2022). Migration, educational and career guidance and social inclusion. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 22(2), 347–361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-021-09493-0
Garrick, A., Johnson, W. D., & Arendt, S. W. (2024). Breaking Barriers: Strategies for Fostering Inclusivity in The Workplace. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v14-i2/20799
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-04-2016-0130
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). An Introduction to Structural Equation Modeling. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7_1
Hunt, X., Shakespeare, T., Vilyte, G., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Henry, J., Bradshaw, M., Naidoo, S., Mbuyamba, R., Aljassem, S., Suubi, E., Aljasem, N., Makhetha, M., & Bantjes, J. (2023). Effectiveness of Social Inclusion Interventions for Anxiety and Depression among Adolescents: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 1895.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031895
Jurek, K., Niewiadomska, I., & Chwaszcz, J. (2024). The effect of received social support on preferred coping strategies and perceived quality of life in adolescents during the covid-19 pandemic. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 21686.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-73103-6
Kock, N., & Hadaya, P. (2018). Minimum sample size estimation in PLS‐SEM: The inverse square root and gamma‐exponential methods. Information Systems Journal, 28(1), 227–261. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12131
Kundi, Y. M., Aboramadan, M., Elhamalawi, E. M. I., & Shahid, S. (2020). Employee psychological well-being and job performance: exploring mediating and moderating mechanisms. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 29(3), 736–754. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-05-2020-2204
Kurniawan, R., & Helen, H. (2022). Factors Influencing Investment Interest in Financial Technology Platform. Jurnal Ekobistek, 239-245.
https://doi.org/10.35134/ekobistek.v11i3.379
LAM, B. (2019). Well-being, Psychological Adjustments and Effective Social Support Giving. In Social Support, Well-being, and Teacher Development (pp. 85–133). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3577-8_3
Mak, J., Roberts, B., & Zimmerman, C. (2021). Coping with Migration-Related Stressors: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 23(2), 389–404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-020-00996-6
Mak, J., Zimmerman, C., & Roberts, B. (2021). Coping with migration-related stressors - a qualitative study of Nepali male labour migrants. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1131. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11192-y
Maksum, A. (2021). Indonesian post-migrant workers: A challenging problem for human security. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 4(1), 100223.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2021.100223
Ng, E. S., Rajendran, D., & Waheduzzaman, W. (2023). Promoting workplace inclusion and self-efficacy among skilled migrant workers in Australia. International Journal of Manpower, 44(2), 267–282. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-01-2022-0044
Nishii, L. H., & Leroy, H. (2022). A Multi-Level Framework of Inclusive Leadership in Organizations. Group & Organization Management, 47(4), 683–722. https://doi.org/10.1177/10596011221111505
Ocampo, A. C. G., Restubog, S. L. D., Wang, L., Garcia, P. R. J. M., & Tang, R. L. (2022). Home and away: How career adaptability and cultural intelligence facilitate international migrant workers’ adjustment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 138, 103759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2022.103759
Oh, V. K. S., Sarwar, A., & Pervez, N. (2022). The study of mindfulness as an intervening factor for enhanced psychological well-being in building the level of resilience. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1056834
Paramayudha, Y., Arwanti, W., & Perkasa, D. H. (2025). Management Of Expatriate Employees: Analysis Of Adaptation And Retention Success In Foreign Countries. Journal of Bina Bangsa Ekonomika, 18(1), 1067-1075.
https://doi.org/10.46306/jbbe.v18i1.820
Park, S., & Park, S. (2019). Employee Adaptive Performance and Its Antecedents: Review and Synthesis. Human Resource Development Review, 18(3), 294–324. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484319836315
Pham, M., Lam, B. Q., & Tuan Ngoc Bui, A. (2024). Career exploration and its influence on the relationship between self-efficacy and career choice: The moderating role of social support. Heliyon, 10(11), e31808.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31808
Sambajee, P., & Scholarios, D. (2023). Migrant worker well-being as a struggle for meaningful work: Evidence from Bangladeshi migrants in a developing country. Organization, 30(3), 528–550. https://doi.org/10.1177/13505084221145631
Sayyida, S. (2023). Structural equation modeling (sem) with smartpls in solving problems in the field of economics. Journal MISSY (Management and Business Strategy), 4(1), 6-13. https://doi.org/10.24929/missy.v4i1.2610
Sihotang, H. (2023). Quantitative research methods. http://repository.uki.ac.id/13063/
Singh, R., & Ramdeo, S. (2023). From Diversity to Inclusion in the Workplace. In Contemporary Perspectives in Human Resource Management and Organizational Behavior (pp. 79–98). Springer International Publishing.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30225-1_5
Stanley, S., & Sebastine, A. J. (2023). Work-life balance, social support, and burnout: A quantitative study of social workers. Journal of Social Work, 23(6), 1135–1155. https://doi.org/10.1177/14680173231197930
Vohra, N., Chari (Coordinators), V., Mathur, P., Sudarshan, P., Verma, N., Mathur, N., Thakur, P., Chopra, T., Srivastava, Y., Gupta, S., Dasmahapatra, V., Fonia, S., & Gandhi, H. K. (2015). Inclusive Workplaces: Lessons from Theory and Practice. Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers, 40(3), 324–362.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0256090915601515
Published
2025-03-09
How to Cite
Mulyadi, D., Rustandi, T., & Suadma, U. (2025). THE IMPACT OF MIGRANT WORKER INCLUSION ON PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING, WORK STRESS, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION:. Journal of Management : Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), 18(1), 729-745. https://doi.org/10.35508/jom.v18i1.20736
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