Systematic literature review using the PRISMA method: The impact of leadership style on organizations
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Yudha Pradana(1*)
Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Negeri Malang
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Achmad Basofitrah(2)
Department of Management Business Syariah, Faculty of Economics, Institut Badri Mashduqi Probolinggo
(*) Corresponding Author
Keywords:
Leadership Style, Organizational Outcomes, Systematic Literature Review, PRISMA, Leadership Effectiveness
Abstract
This research systematically synthesizes empirical evidence regarding the effects of leadership styles on organizational outcomes and develops an integrative conceptual framework to explain the mechanisms and contextual conditions underlying leadership effectiveness. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Peer-reviewed empirical studies were sourced from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. After rigorous screening and eligibility assessment, 18 empirical studies were included and analyzed using narrative thematic synthesis. The analysis identified four dominant themes: (1) the effects of leadership styles on employee attitudinal outcomes, (2) the relationship between leadership styles and organizational performance, (3) contextual moderators of leadership effectiveness, and (4) mediating mechanisms in leadership–outcome relationships. The findings demonstrate that leadership styles influence organizational outcomes through psychological and organizational mediators, and their effectiveness is contingent upon alignment with contextual conditions. By addressing fragmentation in the literature, this research advances leadership studies through an integrative conceptual framework that incorporates leadership styles, mediating mechanisms, and contextual moderators. The findings reinforce contingency-based and transformational leadership perspectives while extending their explanatory scope. Practically, the results indicate that organizational leaders should adopt flexible, context-sensitive leadership approaches rather than rely on a single dominant style. Leadership development initiatives should emphasize adaptability, empowerment, and alignment with organizational contexts. In summary, this PRISMA-guided review synthesizes fragmented empirical evidence to provide an integrative understanding of the relationship between leadership styles and organizational outcomes, offering insights for both researchers and practitioners.
Keywords: Leadership Style; Organizational Outcomes; Systematic Literature Review; PRISMA; Leadership Effectiveness
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References
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Getnet, B., Kero, C., & Debela, K. (2025). Transformational leadership and firm performance: a systematic literature review. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-025-00476-x
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Hofstede, G. (2011). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
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Judge, T. A., Piccolo, R. F., & Ilies, R. (2004). The forgotten ones? Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(1), 36-51. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.1.36
Kahai, S., Sosik, J., & Avolio, B. (2004). Effects of Participative and Directive Leadership in Electronic Groups. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601103252100
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Kiss, D. (2026). Exploring leadership theories: a comprehensive analysis. Strategy & Leadership, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1108/SL-06-2025-0158
Kitchenham, B., & Charters, S. (2007). Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering. EBSE Technical Report.
Kjellström, S., Stålne, K., & Törnblom, O. (2020). Six ways of understanding leadership development: An exploration of increasing complexity. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715020926731
Kuchenmüller, T., Lavis, J., Kheirandish, M., Revéiz, L., Reinap, M., Okeibunor, J., Siswanto, S., Rashidian, A., Sieber, S., Moat, K., Mansilla, C., El‐Jardali, F., Helble, M., Reeder, J., Chapman, E., Barreto, J. O., Mandil, A., &
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Liberati, A., et al. (2009). The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), e1000100.
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Martin, S., Liao, H., & Campbell, E. (2012). Directive versus Empowering Leadership: A Field Experiment Comparing Impacts on Task Proficiency and Proactivity. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.0113
Marzi, G., Balzano, M., Caputo, A., & Pellegrini, M. M. (2025). Guidelines for bibliometric‐systematic literature reviews: 10 steps to combine analysis, synthesis and theory development. International Journal of Management Reviews, 27(1), 81-103. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12381
Mazzetti, G. & Schaufeli, W. (2022). The impact of engaging leadership on employee engagement and team effectiveness: A longitudinal, multi-level study on the mediating role of personal- and team resources. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269433
Mintzberg, H. (2009). Managing. Berrett-Koehler.
Moher, D., et al. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
Montaño, D., Schleu, J., & Hüffmeier, J. (2022). A Meta-Analysis of the Relative Contribution of Leadership Styles to Followers' Mental Health.
https://doi.org/10.1177/15480518221114854
Nanjundeswaraswamy, T. S., Nagesh, P., Bharath, S., & Vignesh, K. M. (2024). Leadership theories and styles-a systematic literature review and narrative synthesis. Human Resources Management and Services, 6(3), 3477-3477. https://doi.org/10.18282/hrms.v6i3.3477
Northouse, P. G. (2022). Leadership: Theory and practice (9th ed.). Sage Publications.
Offermann, L. & Hellmann, P. (1997). Culture's Consequences for Leadership Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022197283008
Page, M. J., et al. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Petticrew, M., & Roberts, H. (2006). Systematic reviews in the social sciences. Blackwell.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470754887
Popay, J., et al. (2006). Guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews. ESRC Methods Programme.
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2020). Organizational behavior (18th ed.). Pearson Education.
Rosado-Solomon, E., Koopmann, J., Lee, W., & Cronin, M. (2023). Mental Health and Mental Illness in Organizations: A Review, Comparison, and Extension. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2021.0211
Salameh-Ayanian, M., Lakkis, P., Jabbour Al Maalouf, N., & Makki, M. (2025). Leading through uncertainty: How transformational and transactional leadership shape employee satisfaction and performance in Lebanese NGOs. Administrative Sciences, 15(5), 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050172
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
Tabassi, A., Bryde, D., Michaelides, R., Bamford, D., & Argyropoulou, M. (2024). Leaders, conflict, and team coordination: a relational leadership approach in temporary organisations. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2024.2313518
Tranfield, D., Denyer, D., & Smart, P. (2003). Towards a methodology for developing evidence‐informed management knowledge. British Journal of Management, 14(3), 207-222. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.00375
Widayanti, S. S. K., Nurdiana, F., & Basofitrah, A. (2025). Islamic Business Ethics and National Economic Sustainability: A Macroeconomic Analysis of the Indonesian Landscape. HARAMAIN: Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 5(02), 194-209. https://doi.org/10.66931/jmb-49
Wu, Q., Cormican, K., & Chen, G. (2018). A Meta-Analysis of Shared Leadership: Antecedents, Consequences, and Moderators.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051818820862
Xiao, Y., & Watson, M. (2019). Guidance on conducting a systematic literature review. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 39(1), 93-112. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X17723971
Yukl, G. (2013). Leadership in organizations (8th ed.). Pearson Education.
Alan, H., & Onur, N. (2025). Analyzing and mapping the leadership literature and its organizational implications: An integrative analysis. Administrative Sciences, 15(12), 479. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15120479
Antonakis, J., & Day, D. V. (2018). The nature of leadership (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781506395029.n1
Athanasios, T. (2025). Synergizing servant and teacher leadership to foster team mindfulness and enhance self-directed learning readiness among secondary school teachers: a multilevel analysis. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2025.2573099
Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F. O., & Weber, T. J. (2009). Leadership: Current theories, research, and future directions. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 421-449. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163621
Basofitrah, A., Sunaryo, H., & Supriyanto, S. (2022). The Influence of Leadership Style and Organizational Commitment on Work Motivation and Organizational Performance (Case Study on the National Creative Economy Movement DPC (GEKRAFS) Probolinggo Regency). Budapest International Research and Critics
Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal), 5(3), 20655-20664.
https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v5i3.6083
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Sage Publications.
Bass, B. M., & Bass, R. (2008). The Bass handbook of leadership. Free Press.
Bavel, J. J., Mende‐Siedlecki, P., Brady, W., & Reinero, D. (2016). Contextual sensitivity in scientific reproducibility. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1521897113
Bonini, A., Panari, C., Caricati, L., & Mariani, M. (2024). The relationship between leadership and adaptive performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304720
Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. Harper & Row.
Carton, A. (2021). The Science of Leadership: A Theoretical Model and Research Agenda. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012420-091227
Deng, C., Gulseren, D., Isola, C., Grocutt, K., & Turner, N. (2022). Transformational leadership effectiveness: an evidence-based primer. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2022.2135938
Denyer, D., & Tranfield, D. (2009). Producing a systematic review. In D. Buchanan & A. Bryman (Eds.), The Sage handbook of organizational research methods (pp. 671-689). Sage.
DeRue, D. & Ashford, S. (2010). Who will Lead and Who will Follow? a Social Process of Leadership Identity Construction in Organizations.
https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.35.4.zok627
Fiedler, F. E. (1967). A theory of leadership effectiveness. McGraw-Hill.
Fischer, T., & Sitkin, S. B. (2023). Leadership styles: A comprehensive assessment and way forward. Academy of Management Annals, 17(1), 331-372. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2020.0340
Getnet, B., Kero, C., & Debela, K. (2025). Transformational leadership and firm performance: a systematic literature review. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-025-00476-x
Gopal, A., Chen, P., Oh, W., Xu, S., & Sarker, S. (2024). On Crafting Effective Theoretical Contributions for Empirical Papers in Economics of Information Systems: Some Editorial Reflections. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2024.editorial.v35.n3
Hiller, N., DeChurch, L., Murase, T., & Doty, D. (2011). Searching for Outcomes of Leadership: A 25-Year Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310393520
Hofstede, G. (2011). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
House, R. J., et al. (2004). Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies. Sage Publications.
Judge, T. A., Piccolo, R. F., & Ilies, R. (2004). The forgotten ones? Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(1), 36-51. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.1.36
Kahai, S., Sosik, J., & Avolio, B. (2004). Effects of Participative and Directive Leadership in Electronic Groups. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601103252100
Kim, M., Beehr, T., & Prewett, M. (2018). Employee Responses to Empowering Leadership: A Meta-Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051817750538
Kiss, D. (2026). Exploring leadership theories: a comprehensive analysis. Strategy & Leadership, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1108/SL-06-2025-0158
Kitchenham, B., & Charters, S. (2007). Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering. EBSE Technical Report.
Kjellström, S., Stålne, K., & Törnblom, O. (2020). Six ways of understanding leadership development: An exploration of increasing complexity. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715020926731
Kuchenmüller, T., Lavis, J., Kheirandish, M., Revéiz, L., Reinap, M., Okeibunor, J., Siswanto, S., Rashidian, A., Sieber, S., Moat, K., Mansilla, C., El‐Jardali, F., Helble, M., Reeder, J., Chapman, E., Barreto, J. O., Mandil, A., &
Swaminathan, S. (2022). Time for a new global roadmap for supporting evidence into action. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000677
Liberati, A., et al. (2009). The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), e1000100.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100
Martin, S., Liao, H., & Campbell, E. (2012). Directive versus Empowering Leadership: A Field Experiment Comparing Impacts on Task Proficiency and Proactivity. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.0113
Marzi, G., Balzano, M., Caputo, A., & Pellegrini, M. M. (2025). Guidelines for bibliometric‐systematic literature reviews: 10 steps to combine analysis, synthesis and theory development. International Journal of Management Reviews, 27(1), 81-103. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12381
Mazzetti, G. & Schaufeli, W. (2022). The impact of engaging leadership on employee engagement and team effectiveness: A longitudinal, multi-level study on the mediating role of personal- and team resources. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269433
Mintzberg, H. (2009). Managing. Berrett-Koehler.
Moher, D., et al. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
Montaño, D., Schleu, J., & Hüffmeier, J. (2022). A Meta-Analysis of the Relative Contribution of Leadership Styles to Followers' Mental Health.
https://doi.org/10.1177/15480518221114854
Nanjundeswaraswamy, T. S., Nagesh, P., Bharath, S., & Vignesh, K. M. (2024). Leadership theories and styles-a systematic literature review and narrative synthesis. Human Resources Management and Services, 6(3), 3477-3477. https://doi.org/10.18282/hrms.v6i3.3477
Northouse, P. G. (2022). Leadership: Theory and practice (9th ed.). Sage Publications.
Offermann, L. & Hellmann, P. (1997). Culture's Consequences for Leadership Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022197283008
Page, M. J., et al. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Petticrew, M., & Roberts, H. (2006). Systematic reviews in the social sciences. Blackwell.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470754887
Popay, J., et al. (2006). Guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews. ESRC Methods Programme.
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2020). Organizational behavior (18th ed.). Pearson Education.
Rosado-Solomon, E., Koopmann, J., Lee, W., & Cronin, M. (2023). Mental Health and Mental Illness in Organizations: A Review, Comparison, and Extension. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2021.0211
Salameh-Ayanian, M., Lakkis, P., Jabbour Al Maalouf, N., & Makki, M. (2025). Leading through uncertainty: How transformational and transactional leadership shape employee satisfaction and performance in Lebanese NGOs. Administrative Sciences, 15(5), 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15050172
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
Tabassi, A., Bryde, D., Michaelides, R., Bamford, D., & Argyropoulou, M. (2024). Leaders, conflict, and team coordination: a relational leadership approach in temporary organisations. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2024.2313518
Tranfield, D., Denyer, D., & Smart, P. (2003). Towards a methodology for developing evidence‐informed management knowledge. British Journal of Management, 14(3), 207-222. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.00375
Widayanti, S. S. K., Nurdiana, F., & Basofitrah, A. (2025). Islamic Business Ethics and National Economic Sustainability: A Macroeconomic Analysis of the Indonesian Landscape. HARAMAIN: Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 5(02), 194-209. https://doi.org/10.66931/jmb-49
Wu, Q., Cormican, K., & Chen, G. (2018). A Meta-Analysis of Shared Leadership: Antecedents, Consequences, and Moderators.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051818820862
Xiao, Y., & Watson, M. (2019). Guidance on conducting a systematic literature review. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 39(1), 93-112. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X17723971
Yukl, G. (2013). Leadership in organizations (8th ed.). Pearson Education.
Published
2026-11-09
How to Cite
Pradana, Y., & Basofitrah, A. (2026). Systematic literature review using the PRISMA method: The impact of leadership style on organizations. Journal of Management : Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), 19(3), 2461-2473. https://doi.org/10.35508/jom.v19i3.26642
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Articles
