The effect of liquidity and profitability on financial stability with financial distress as a moderating variable

  • Muhammad Farih Romadhon(1)
    Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Business, Ahmad Dahlan Institute of Technology and Business Lamongan
  • Irma Indira(2*)
    Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Business, Ahmad Dahlan Institute of Technology and Business Lamongan
  • (*) Corresponding Author
Keywords: Liquidity, Profitability, Financial Stability, Financial Distress, Banking

Abstract

This study examines the effects of liquidity and profitability on financial stability, with financial distress as a moderating variable, in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2021–2024 period. A quantitative research approach was employed, using numerical data derived from company financial reports. The study population comprised 58 banking companies, from which 12 companies were selected through purposive sampling based on predetermined criteria. Accordingly, the final dataset consisted of 48 company-year financial reports. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26, incorporating descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption tests, partial significance tests (t-tests), and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results reveal that neither liquidity nor profitability has a statistically significant effect on financial stability. Financial distress, however, has a statistically significant effect on financial stability, although it does not moderate the relationships between liquidity and financial stability or between profitability and financial stability. These findings suggest that financial distress is relevant to the assessment of banking financial stability, although its moderating role in the relationships examined is not statistically supported. This study is subject to limitations concerning its relatively small sample size and restricted observation period. Future research is therefore encouraged to incorporate additional variables, including operational efficiency, risk management, bank size, and macroeconomic factors, while extending the observation period and broadening the scope of the research objects.

Keywords: Liquidity; Profitability; Financial Stability; Financial Distress; Banking

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Published
2026-11-12
How to Cite
Romadhon, M., & Indira, I. (2026). The effect of liquidity and profitability on financial stability with financial distress as a moderating variable. Journal of Management : Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), 19(3), 2601-2618. https://doi.org/10.35508/jom.v19i3.27016

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