Design of a Type B Special Heart Hospital in Kupang City with a Healing Environment Approach

Abstract

Heart disease, particularly Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), is the leading cause of death worldwide among non-communicable diseases. CHD ranks second among the ten most common heart diseases treated at the cardiology outpatient clinic of Prof. Dr. W.Z. Johannes General Hospital in Kupang. Heart disease poses a significant public health issue with socio-economic implications due to its high treatment costs, prolonged care, and the necessity for extensive diagnostic procedures. Therefore, in addition to curative efforts, prevention and control through early detection are essential. This underscores the need for designing a specialized Heart Hospital that can serve as a comprehensive facility for both the treatment and prevention of heart disease. The design process begins with data collection, followed by problem identification, idea generation, design development, and design evaluation. The resolution of design challenges is guided by the principles of the Healing Environment, aiming to create a facility that provides psychological comfort for patients, thereby supporting the overall objectives and functions of the specialized Heart Hospital. Several key principles are applied, including Indoor Air Quality, Daylight and Health, Life-Energizing Surroundings, Color, View, Sound, Scent, Balance, Spiritual Nourishment, and Tranquility. The design outcomes encompass building plans, spatial organization, site planning, material selection, and architectural elements that facilitate these objectives. The application of Healing Environment principles is evident in the architectural design through indoor gardens and open voids within the building, as well as in site planning through the incorporation of gardens and green spaces.