Pengembangan SMK Negeri Kakuluk Mesak di Kota Atambua Kabupaten Belu dengan Pendekatan Arsitektur Biofilik

Abstract

SMK Negeri Kakuluk Mesak is a vocational high school that plays an important role in the development of human resources in the border region of Atambua, Belu Regency. However, limitations in learning facilities, vocational practice spaces, and supporting infrastructure have caused the learning process to be less than optimal and insufficient in supporting the comfort and health of space users, particularly under the local hot climatic conditions. The design process was conducted through site observation, literature review, and case studies, supported by physical and non-physical analyses. These analyses included spatial requirements, user activity patterns, climatic conditions, and the environmental potential of the site. The approach applied in this design is Biophilic Architecture, which emphasizes the connection between humans and nature as a foundation for creating a healthy, comfortable, and sustainable educational environment. The design outcome includes the development of classrooms, workshops, supporting facilities, and an integrated landscape arrangement that is responsive to the local climate. The application of biophilic architectural principles is manifested through non-visual connections with nature, natural sensory stimuli, variations in airflow and thermal conditions, the presence of water elements, the use of biomorphic forms and patterns, the selection of natural materials, and the organization of spatial complexity and order. This design is expected to enhance the quality of the learning environment, making it healthier, more inspiring, and more adaptive for students of SMK Negeri Kakuluk Mesak.