COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NEXT.JS AND GOLANG BACKEND ARCHITECTURE IN THE CIVIL RECORDS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (SELLICA)
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Firman Firdaus(1*)
Institut Pendidikan Indonesia, Garut, Indonesia
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Tedi Budiman(2)
Institut Pendidikan Indonesia, Garut, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author
Keywords:
Backend Architecture, Golang, Government System, Next.js, Web Performance
Abstract
Sistem Evaluasi Layanan Lengkap Individu dan Catatan Aktivitas (SELLICA) was initially built using a monolithic architecture based on Next.js API routes. However, as the user scale increased, the system experienced performance and efficiency bottlenecks under heavy workloads. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis between an integrated Next.js backend architecture and a separated, service-oriented Go (Golang) backend for government-scale applications. The research method employs quantitative evaluation through performance testing (load testing with K6 and benchmarks) as well as qualitative evaluation of architectural complexity and development experience. The results indicate that migrating to a Go backend provides a response time improvement of 20 to 289 times faster, 20.25 times higher throughput, and memory usage efficiency up to 4 to 5 times lower compared to Next.js. Conversely, Next.js maintains advantages in rapid initial development and prototyping ease. In conclusion, for large-scale systems with stringent performance and concurrency requirements, a Go backend is highly recommended. A hybrid architectural approach, combining a static Next.js frontend with a Go backend, proves to be the most optimal solution in balancing high performance and cost efficiency.
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References
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[2] M. D. Marieska, Arya Yunanta, Harisatul Aulia, Alvi Syahrini Utami, and Muhammad Qurhanul Rizqie, “Performance Comparison of Monolithic and Microservices Architectures in Handling High-Volume Transactions,” J. RESTI (Rekayasa Sist. dan Teknol. Informasi), vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 594–600, Jun. 2025, doi: 10.29207/resti.v9i3.6183.
[3] D. P. Dirgantara, D. S. Kusumo, and R. G. Utomo, “Docker-Based Monolithic And Microservices Architecture Performance Comparison,” J. Tek. Inform., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 357–365, Apr. 2024, doi: 10.52436/1.jutif.2024.5.2.1338.
[4] H. M. Kabamba, M. Khouzam, and M. R. Dagenais, “Vnode: Low-Overhead Transparent Tracing of Node.js-Based Microservice Architectures,” Futur. Internet, vol. 16, no. 1, p. 13, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.3390/fi16010013.
[5] A. A. A. Donovan and B. W. Kernighan, The Go programming language. Addison-Wesley Professional, 2015.
[6] S. F. Yusri, D. D. J. Suwawi, and M. Adrian, “Analysis The Impact Of Refactoring From Monolithic Applications To Microservices On Response Time Using The Mda And Sca Approaches,” J. Tek. Inform., vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 1861–1872, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.52436/1.jutif.2024.5.6.2617.
[7] V. Chernohor, “Performance and scalability analysis of monolithic and microservice architectures in social networks,” J. Comput. Sci. Inst., vol. 37, pp. 405–409, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.35784/jcsi.7939.
[8] A. Wahyudin, H. Siregar, A. Anisyah, S. M. Kusumawardani, and Erlangga, “Migrating Monolithic to Microservices: Comparative Performance Testing Evaluation Between Architectures,” Sci. J. Informatics, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 797–816, Jan. 2026, doi: 10.15294/sji.v12i4.28499.
[9] E. Sulistiyani and Q. M. Rosul, “Analisis Perbandingan Kinerja Alat Pengujian Beban Perangkat Lunak: Apache JMeter, Gatling, dan K6,” J. Inform. Polinema, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 393–400, Feb. 2026, doi: 10.33795/jip.v12i2.8693.
[10] D. M. D. Amit, “Performance Testing: Methodology for Determining Scalability of Web Systems,” Int. J. Sci. Res., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1254–1261, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.21275/SR24121010827.
[11] M. Neelapu, “The Effectiveness of Load and Performance Testing on Application Scalability,” ESP J. Eng. Technol. Adv., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 171–180, 2024, doi: 10.56472/25832646/JETA-V4I3P118.
[12] J. Jarmoszewicz, P. Iwanowski, and M. Plechawska-Wójcik, “Analysis of the performance and scalability of microservices depending on the communication technology,” J. Comput. Sci. Inst., vol. 33, pp. 323–330, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.35784/jcsi.6499.
[13] F. Effendy, Taufik, and B. Adhilaksono, “Performance Comparison of Web Backend and Database: A Case Study of Node.JS, Golang and MySQL, Mongo DB,” Recent Adv. Comput. Sci. Commun., vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 1955–1961, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.2174/2666255813666191219104133.
[14] A. S. Azzahidi, B. Wijayanto, and A. Darmawan, “Performance Evaluation of Backend Frameworks for REST API: A Comparative Study of Spring Boot, Flask, Express.js, Laravel FrankenPHP, and Gin,” J. Tek. Inform., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 2405–2419, Aug. 2025, doi: 10.52436/1.jutif.2025.6.4.4811.
[15] I. Vilhelmsson, “A performance comparison of an event-driven node. js web server and multi-threaded web servers,” 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:1605998
[16] S. Pragestu, H. Sujaini, and E. F. Ripanti, “Analisis Skalabilitas Web Server Apache Tomcat, Node. Js Dan Go Pada Protokol Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Dan Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT),” JUSTIN (Jurnal Sist. dan Teknol. Informasi), vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 605–611, 2023, doi: 10.26418/justin.v11i4.71607.
[17] L. Fernando and M. M. Engel, “Comparative Performance Benchmarking of WebSocket Libraries on Node.js and Golang,” sinkron, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 2051–2060, Oct. 2025, doi: 10.33395/sinkron.v9i4.15266.
[18] S. Hussein, S. J. Abbas, G. F. Ali, N. K. Hadi, and M. M. M. Maadi, “A Comparative Analysis of Programming Languages Used in Microservices,” Int. J. Comput. Exp. Sci. Eng., vol. 11, no. 1, Feb. 2025, doi: 10.22399/ijcesen.977.
[19] M. Bhandari, “Microservices vs. Monolithic Architectures in Real-Time Distributed Systems: A Comparative Analysis,” J. Inf. Syst. Eng. Manag., vol. 10, no. 62s, pp. 496–503, Nov. 2025, doi: 10.52783/jisem.v10i62s.13614.
[20] S. S. A. Yalamati, “Resilient microservice patterns using Java 17 and Spring Boot 3.2 in Cloud-Native Systems,” Int. J. Sci. Res. Arch., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 431–447, Sep. 2025, doi: 10.30574/ijsra.2025.16.3.2559.
[21] F. S. Redha, “Performance Comparison of Web Services Built Using Monolithic Architecture and Microservices on Point of Sales Systems,” JATISI, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 406–420, 2023, doi: 10.35957/jatisi.v10i1.3210.
[22] M. Szewczyk and M. Skublewska-Paszkowska, “Performance comparison of development frameworks in selected environments in REST API architecture,” J. Comput. Sci. Inst., vol. 35, pp. 121–128, Jun. 2025, doi: 10.35784/jcsi.7041.
[23] D. Stabili, R. Romagnoli, M. Marchetti, B. Sinopoli, and M. Colajanni, “A multidisciplinary detection system for cyber attacks on Powertrain Cyber Physical Systems,” Futur. Gener. Comput. Syst., vol. 144, pp. 151–164, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.future.2023.02.019.
[24] A. J. Lauwren, “Microservice and Monolith Performance Comparison in Transaction Application,” Universitas Katholik Soegijapranata Semarang, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://repository.unika.ac.id/28277/
Published
2026-04-30
How to Cite
[1]
F. Firdaus and T. Budiman, “COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NEXT.JS AND GOLANG BACKEND ARCHITECTURE IN THE CIVIL RECORDS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (SELLICA)”, JME, Apr. 2026.
Section
Articles
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