FINANCIAL LITERACY AND FINANCIAL ATTITUDE IN PREDICTING FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM EMPLOYEES OF PT BANK SULSELBAR MAKASSAR
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Muhammad Umar Data(1*)
Department of Management, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Makassar Bongaya
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Nurul Alifya(2)
Department of Management, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Makassar Bongaya
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Elyas Albar(3)
Department of Management, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Makassar Bongaya
(*) Corresponding Author
Keywords:
Financial Literacy, Financial Attitude, Financial Management Performance
Abstract
This study aims to examine the effect of financial literacy and financial attitude on financial management performance among employees of PT Bank Sulselbar in Makassar. The research adopts a quantitative approach using a survey method, with data collected through questionnaires distributed to employees. The collected data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results indicate that financial literacy does not significantly influence financial management performance. Similarly, financial attitude also does not show a significant effect on financial management performance. When examined simultaneously, financial literacy and financial attitude together do not significantly affect financial management performance. These findings suggest that financial knowledge and attitudes alone are not sufficient to explain variations in individuals’ financial management performance. Other factors, such as financial behavior, income level, and financial discipline, may play a more important role in shaping effective financial management practices among employees.
Keywords: Financial Literacy; Financial Attitude; Financial Management Performance
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References
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Dewi, V., Febrian, E., Effendi, N., & Anwar, M. (2020). Financial literacy among the millennial generation: Relationships between knowledge, skills, attitude, and behavior. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 14(4).
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Garcia, M. J. R. (2013). Financial education and behavioral finance: new insights into the role of information in financial decisions. Journal of Economic Surveys, 27(2), 297–315.
Goyal, K., Kumar, S., & Xiao, J. J. (2021). Antecedents and consequences of Personal Financial Management Behavior: a systematic literature review and future research agenda. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 39(7), 1166–1207.
Habibzadeh, F. (2024). Data distribution: normal or abnormal? Journal of Korean Medical Science, 39(3).
Hasanudin, H. (2023). Effective financial management strategies to improve MSME performance. Journal of Economics and Business (JECOMBI), 3(03), 132–137.
Hauff, J. C., Carlander, A., Gärling, T., & Nicolini, G. (2020). Retirement financial behaviour: how important is being financially literate? Journal of Consumer Policy, 43(3), 543–564.
Huntington-Klein, N. (2021). The effect: An introduction to research design and causality. Chapman and Hall/CRC.
Ingale, K. K., & Paluri, R. A. (2022). Financial literacy and financial behaviour: A bibliometric analysis. Review of Behavioral Finance, 14(1), 130–154.
Izah, S. C., Sylva, L., & Hait, M. (2023). Cronbach’s Alpha: A Cornerstone in Ensuring Reliability and Validity in Environmental Health Assessment. ES Energy & Environment, 23, 1057.
Kashif, M., Zarkada, A., & Ramayah, T. (2018). The impact of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control on managers’ intentions to behave ethically. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 29(5–6), 481–501.
Klapper, L., & Lusardi, A. (2020). Financial literacy and financial resilience: Evidence from around the world. Financial Management, 49(3), 589–614.
Kwak, S. (2023). Are only p-values less than 0.05 significant? A p-value greater than 0.05 is also significant! Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis, 12(2), 89.
Lakens, D. (2022). Sample size justification. Collabra: Psychology, 8(1), 33267.
Lestari, S. D., Muhdaliha, E., Firdaus, P. M., Suhendra, E. S., & Brabo, N. A. (2024). Financial literacy at work: enhancing organizational performance through employee training investments. Atestasi: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 7(2), 721–741.
Li, X., Dai, J., Zhu, X., Li, J., He, J., Huang, Y., Liu, X., & Shen, Q. (2023). Mechanism of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control influence the green development behavior of construction enterprises. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 266.
Lone, U. M., & Bhat, S. A. (2022). Impact of financial literacy on financial well-being: a mediational role of financial self-efficacy. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 1.
Lotto, J. (2020). Understanding sociodemographic factors influencing households’ financial literacy in Tanzania. Cogent Economics & Finance, 8(1), 1792152.
Lusardi, A. (2019). Financial literacy and the need for financial education: evidence and implications. Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics, 155(1), 1.
Maison, D. (2019). The psychology of financial consumer behavior. Springer.
Mazur, N., Khrystenko, L., Pásztorová, J., Zos-Kior, M., Hnatenko, I., Puzyrova, P., & Rubezhanska, V. (2021). Improvement of controlling in the financial management of enterprises. TEM Journal-Technology, Education, Management, Informatics.
Mishra, P., Pandey, C. M., Singh, U., Gupta, A., Sahu, C., & Keshri, A. (2019). Descriptive statistics and normality tests for statistical data. Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia, 22(1), 67–72.
Mohajan, H. K. (2020). Quantitative research: A successful investigation in natural and social sciences. Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People, 9(4), 50–79.
Moko, W., Sudiro, A., & Kurniasari, I. (2022). The effect of financial knowledge, financial attitude, and personality on financial management behavior. International Journal of Research in Business & Social Science, 11(9).
Prihandini, W. (2025). Digital financial literacy and financial inclusion in Indonesia’s digital economy. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 9(3).
Qamar, M. A. J., Nadeem Khemta, M. A., & Jamil, H. (2016). How knowledge and financial self-efficacy moderate the relationship between money attitudes and personal financial management behavior. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 5(2), pp-296.
Radeswandri, R., Budiawan, A., Vebrianto, R., & Thahir, M. (2021). Developing instrument to measure the use of online comic as educational media. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 15(1), 119–126.
Rahardja, U., Aini, Q., Graha, Y. I., & Lutfiani, N. (2019). Validity of test instruments. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1364(1).
Rahmah, R. A., & Peter, F. O. (2024). The impact of financial management practices on firm performance: A study of the manufacturing sector in Indonesia. Involvement International Journal of Business, 1(1), 1–13.
Raut, R. K. (2020). Past behaviour, financial literacy and investment decision-making process of individual investors. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 15(6), 1243–1263.
Rea, L. M., & Parker, R. A. (2014). Designing and conducting survey research: A comprehensive guide. John Wiley & Sons.
Rogers, A. (2020). Human behavior in the social environment: Perspectives on development, the life course, and macro contexts. Routledge.
She, L., Rasiah, R., Turner, J. J., Guptan, V., & Sharif Nia, H. (2022). Psychological beliefs and financial well-being among working adults: the mediating role of financial behaviour. International Journal of Social Economics, 49(2), 190–209.
Shi, W., Ali, M., & Leong, C.-M. (2025). Dynamics of personal financial management: a bibliometric and systematic review on financial literacy, financial capability and financial behavior. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 43(1), 125–165.
Sullivan, G. M., & Artino Jr, A. R. (2013). Analyzing and interpreting data from Likert-type scales. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 5(4), 541–542.
Supsermpol, P., Huynh, V. N., Thajchayapong, S., Suppakitjarak, N., & Chiadamrong, N. (2025). Predicting post-IPO financial performance: a hybrid approach using logistic regression and decision trees. Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies, 32(1), 52–65.
Ullah, S., & Yusheng, K. (2020). Financial socialization, childhood experiences and financial well-being: The mediating role of locus of control. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2162.
Uyanık, G. K., & Güler, N. (2013). A study on multiple linear regression analysis. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 106, 234–240.
Van Raaij, W. F. (2016). Understanding consumer financial behavior: Money management in an age of financial illiteracy. Springer.
Varpio, L., Paradis, E., Uijtdehaage, S., & Young, M. (2020). The distinctions between theory, theoretical framework, and conceptual framework. Academic Medicine, 95(7), 989–994.
Wahyuni, S. F., & Hafiz, M. S. (2023). Financial literacy and financial attitude on financial management behavior: An examination of the mediating role of the behavioral intention of students at private universities in Indonesia. Investment Management & Financial Innovations, 20(3), 239.
Yakob, S., Yakob, R., BAM, H.-S., & Rusli, R. Z. A. (2021). Financial literacy and financial performance of small and medium-sized enterprises. The South East Asian Journal of Management, 15(1), 5.
Zhao, H., & Zhang, L. (2020). Talking money at home: the value of family financial socialization. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 38(7), 1617–1634.
Adiandari, A. M., & Nihaya, I. U. (2024). Examining the roles of educational, social and psychological factors in financial literacy: A mediation analysis. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(4), 1618–1636.
Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In Action control: From cognition to behavior (pp. 11–39). Springer.
Ajzen, I. (2020). The theory of planned behavior: Frequently asked questions. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2(4), 314–324.
Andarsari, P. R., & Ningtyas, M. N. (2019). The role of financial literacy on financial behavior. Journal of Accounting and Business Education, 4(1), 24–33.
Apriansah, A., Mulyatini, N., & Prabowo, F. H. E. (2022). Financial well-being: a way to maintain long-term financial security. JURISMA: Jurnal Riset Bisnis & Manajemen, 12(2), 230–252.
Bai, R. (2023). Impact of financial literacy, mental budgeting and self control on financial wellbeing: Mediating impact of investment decision making. Plos One, 18(11), e0294466.
Bandura, A. (1974). Behavior theory and the models of man. American Psychologist, 29(12), 859.
Bapat, D. (2020). Antecedents to responsible financial management behavior among young adults: moderating role of financial risk tolerance. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 38(5), 1177–1194.
Baptista, S. M. J., & Dewi, A. S. (2021). The influence of financial attitude, financial literacy, and locus of control on financial management behavior. International Journal of Social Science and Business, 5(1), 93–98.
Bashir, I., Qureshi, I. H., & Ilyas, Z. (2024). How does employee financial well-being influence employee productivity: a moderated mediating examination. International Journal of Social Economics, 51(10), 1226–1246.
Bordage, G. (2009). Conceptual frameworks to illuminate and magnify. Medical Education, 43(4), 312–319.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). To saturate or not to saturate? Questioning data saturation as a useful concept for thematic analysis and sample-size rationales. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 13(2), 201–216.
Bryman, A., & Cramer, D. (2004). Quantitative data analysis with SPSS 12 and 13: A guide for social scientists. Routledge.
Casteel, A., & Bridier, N. L. (2021). Describing populations and samples in doctoral student research. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 16(1).
Castro-González, S., Fernández-López, S., Rey-Ares, L., & Rodeiro-Pazos, D. (2020). The influence of attitude to money on individuals’ financial well-being. Social Indicators Research, 148(3), 747–764.
Chandra, R. (2013). Financial management. BookRix.
Chen, Y., Hao, S., & Li, A. (2022). Do governmental, technological and organizational factors influence the performance of financial management systems? Kybernetes, 51(3), 1127–1150.
Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2013). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge.
Dalati, S., & Marx Gómez, J. (2018). Surveys and questionnaires. In Modernizing the academic teaching and research environment: Methodologies and cases in business research (pp. 175–186). Springer.
Data, M. U., Halim, F., & Amanda, A. D. (2024). Women’s Leadership And Banking Productivity: Mediating Role Of Artificial Intelligence. JPS (Jurnal Perbankan Syariah), 5(2), 336–353.
Dattalo, P. (2013). Analysis of multiple dependent variables. Oxford University Press.
Dekamini, F., Dastanpour Hossein Abadi, A., Entezari, A., Birau, R., & Pourmansouri, R. (2024). Entrepreneurial Financial Literacy During Crisis Conditions. IGI Global.
Dewi, V., Febrian, E., Effendi, N., & Anwar, M. (2020). Financial literacy among the millennial generation: Relationships between knowledge, skills, attitude, and behavior. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 14(4).
Di Leo, G., & Sardanelli, F. (2020). Statistical significance: p value, 0.05 threshold, and applications to radiomics—reasons for a conservative approach. European Radiology Experimental, 4(1), 18.
Effendi, M. I., & Widagdo, C. S. (2025). Simple Financial Management in Housewife Communities: A Qualitative Study on Daily Financial Management Patterns. International Journal of Applied Economics, Accounting and Management (IJAEAM), 3(3), 163–180.
Fitriana, D. A., & Takarini, N. (2025). The The Influence Of Financial Literacy, Financial Attitude, And Income On Financial Management Behavior Among Msme Actors In Sidowungu Village, Gresik Regency. Management Science Research Journal, 4(4), 1–9.
Garcia, M. J. R. (2013). Financial education and behavioral finance: new insights into the role of information in financial decisions. Journal of Economic Surveys, 27(2), 297–315.
Goyal, K., Kumar, S., & Xiao, J. J. (2021). Antecedents and consequences of Personal Financial Management Behavior: a systematic literature review and future research agenda. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 39(7), 1166–1207.
Habibzadeh, F. (2024). Data distribution: normal or abnormal? Journal of Korean Medical Science, 39(3).
Hasanudin, H. (2023). Effective financial management strategies to improve MSME performance. Journal of Economics and Business (JECOMBI), 3(03), 132–137.
Hauff, J. C., Carlander, A., Gärling, T., & Nicolini, G. (2020). Retirement financial behaviour: how important is being financially literate? Journal of Consumer Policy, 43(3), 543–564.
Huntington-Klein, N. (2021). The effect: An introduction to research design and causality. Chapman and Hall/CRC.
Ingale, K. K., & Paluri, R. A. (2022). Financial literacy and financial behaviour: A bibliometric analysis. Review of Behavioral Finance, 14(1), 130–154.
Izah, S. C., Sylva, L., & Hait, M. (2023). Cronbach’s Alpha: A Cornerstone in Ensuring Reliability and Validity in Environmental Health Assessment. ES Energy & Environment, 23, 1057.
Kashif, M., Zarkada, A., & Ramayah, T. (2018). The impact of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control on managers’ intentions to behave ethically. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 29(5–6), 481–501.
Klapper, L., & Lusardi, A. (2020). Financial literacy and financial resilience: Evidence from around the world. Financial Management, 49(3), 589–614.
Kwak, S. (2023). Are only p-values less than 0.05 significant? A p-value greater than 0.05 is also significant! Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis, 12(2), 89.
Lakens, D. (2022). Sample size justification. Collabra: Psychology, 8(1), 33267.
Lestari, S. D., Muhdaliha, E., Firdaus, P. M., Suhendra, E. S., & Brabo, N. A. (2024). Financial literacy at work: enhancing organizational performance through employee training investments. Atestasi: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 7(2), 721–741.
Li, X., Dai, J., Zhu, X., Li, J., He, J., Huang, Y., Liu, X., & Shen, Q. (2023). Mechanism of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control influence the green development behavior of construction enterprises. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 266.
Lone, U. M., & Bhat, S. A. (2022). Impact of financial literacy on financial well-being: a mediational role of financial self-efficacy. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 1.
Lotto, J. (2020). Understanding sociodemographic factors influencing households’ financial literacy in Tanzania. Cogent Economics & Finance, 8(1), 1792152.
Lusardi, A. (2019). Financial literacy and the need for financial education: evidence and implications. Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics, 155(1), 1.
Maison, D. (2019). The psychology of financial consumer behavior. Springer.
Mazur, N., Khrystenko, L., Pásztorová, J., Zos-Kior, M., Hnatenko, I., Puzyrova, P., & Rubezhanska, V. (2021). Improvement of controlling in the financial management of enterprises. TEM Journal-Technology, Education, Management, Informatics.
Mishra, P., Pandey, C. M., Singh, U., Gupta, A., Sahu, C., & Keshri, A. (2019). Descriptive statistics and normality tests for statistical data. Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia, 22(1), 67–72.
Mohajan, H. K. (2020). Quantitative research: A successful investigation in natural and social sciences. Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People, 9(4), 50–79.
Moko, W., Sudiro, A., & Kurniasari, I. (2022). The effect of financial knowledge, financial attitude, and personality on financial management behavior. International Journal of Research in Business & Social Science, 11(9).
Prihandini, W. (2025). Digital financial literacy and financial inclusion in Indonesia’s digital economy. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 9(3).
Qamar, M. A. J., Nadeem Khemta, M. A., & Jamil, H. (2016). How knowledge and financial self-efficacy moderate the relationship between money attitudes and personal financial management behavior. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 5(2), pp-296.
Radeswandri, R., Budiawan, A., Vebrianto, R., & Thahir, M. (2021). Developing instrument to measure the use of online comic as educational media. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 15(1), 119–126.
Rahardja, U., Aini, Q., Graha, Y. I., & Lutfiani, N. (2019). Validity of test instruments. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1364(1).
Rahmah, R. A., & Peter, F. O. (2024). The impact of financial management practices on firm performance: A study of the manufacturing sector in Indonesia. Involvement International Journal of Business, 1(1), 1–13.
Raut, R. K. (2020). Past behaviour, financial literacy and investment decision-making process of individual investors. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 15(6), 1243–1263.
Rea, L. M., & Parker, R. A. (2014). Designing and conducting survey research: A comprehensive guide. John Wiley & Sons.
Rogers, A. (2020). Human behavior in the social environment: Perspectives on development, the life course, and macro contexts. Routledge.
She, L., Rasiah, R., Turner, J. J., Guptan, V., & Sharif Nia, H. (2022). Psychological beliefs and financial well-being among working adults: the mediating role of financial behaviour. International Journal of Social Economics, 49(2), 190–209.
Shi, W., Ali, M., & Leong, C.-M. (2025). Dynamics of personal financial management: a bibliometric and systematic review on financial literacy, financial capability and financial behavior. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 43(1), 125–165.
Sullivan, G. M., & Artino Jr, A. R. (2013). Analyzing and interpreting data from Likert-type scales. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 5(4), 541–542.
Supsermpol, P., Huynh, V. N., Thajchayapong, S., Suppakitjarak, N., & Chiadamrong, N. (2025). Predicting post-IPO financial performance: a hybrid approach using logistic regression and decision trees. Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies, 32(1), 52–65.
Ullah, S., & Yusheng, K. (2020). Financial socialization, childhood experiences and financial well-being: The mediating role of locus of control. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2162.
Uyanık, G. K., & Güler, N. (2013). A study on multiple linear regression analysis. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 106, 234–240.
Van Raaij, W. F. (2016). Understanding consumer financial behavior: Money management in an age of financial illiteracy. Springer.
Varpio, L., Paradis, E., Uijtdehaage, S., & Young, M. (2020). The distinctions between theory, theoretical framework, and conceptual framework. Academic Medicine, 95(7), 989–994.
Wahyuni, S. F., & Hafiz, M. S. (2023). Financial literacy and financial attitude on financial management behavior: An examination of the mediating role of the behavioral intention of students at private universities in Indonesia. Investment Management & Financial Innovations, 20(3), 239.
Yakob, S., Yakob, R., BAM, H.-S., & Rusli, R. Z. A. (2021). Financial literacy and financial performance of small and medium-sized enterprises. The South East Asian Journal of Management, 15(1), 5.
Zhao, H., & Zhang, L. (2020). Talking money at home: the value of family financial socialization. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 38(7), 1617–1634.
Published
2026-03-20
How to Cite
Data, M., Alifya, N., & Albar, E. (2026). FINANCIAL LITERACY AND FINANCIAL ATTITUDE IN PREDICTING FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM EMPLOYEES OF PT BANK SULSELBAR MAKASSAR. Journal of Management : Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), 19(1), 861-882. https://doi.org/10.35508/jom.v19i1.27683
Section
Articles
