A STUDY ON LOYALTY AMONG PRIVATE SECTOR EMPLOYEES AND ITS DETERMINANTS
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M Prabhu(1*)
George Herbert Walker School of Business & Technology, Webster University, Tashkent
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G Madan Mohan(2)
Department of Management Studies, Pondicherry University, Puducherry
(*) Corresponding Author
Keywords:
Employees, Job Satisfaction, Loyalty, Stress
Abstract
Employees with high loyalty or morale are precious to any firm. This descriptive study has attempted to assess the degree of loyalty prevalent among private-sector employees in Iraq and how such loyalty is driven by job satisfaction and stress. Primary data has been collected by administering a structured questionnaire to 127 private employees selected using simple random sampling. The study results reveal that the employees surveyed are loyal to their company. 106 of the 127 employees have displayed good loyalty towards their firm, and only 13 have shown signs of disloyalty. The employees surveyed do not exhibit signs of stress. However, the employees have indicated that they encounter tiredness from their job, which is indicative of exhaustion due to work pressure, which results in them finding it a bit difficult to sleep and developing headaches that merit immediate attention and rectification.
Keywords: Employees; Job Satisfaction; Loyalty; Stress
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References
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Saffar, N. A. G. A., & Obeidat, A. (2020). The effect of total quality management practices on employee performance: The moderating role of knowledge sharing. Management Science Letters, 10(1), 77-90.
Satpathy, I., Litt, D., & Mitra, B. (2015). Stress at work places–An Overview. International Research Journal of Commerce and Law, 2(8), 46-51.
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Shaban, O. S., Al-Zubi, Z., Ali, N., & Alqotaish, A. (2017). The Effect of Low Morale and Motivation on Employees' Productivity & Competitiveness in Jordanian Industrial Companies. International Business Research, 10(7), 1-7.
Stephen Robbins, (1999). Organizational Behaviour, 8th Edition, Prince Hall of India, New Delhi. 652-661.
Worku, Z. (2019). A Study Of Employee Perceptions About Performance Appraisal At Transnet Engineering, South Africa. Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR), 35(5), 145-156.
Ahmad, A., Hussain, A., Saleem, M. Q., Qureshi, M. A. M., & Mufti, N. A. (2015). Workplace stress: a critical insight of causes, effects and interventions. Tech J, 20, 45-55.
Akhter, A., & Naveed, A. (2023). Role of skill development in job satisfaction through employee engagement as mediator. Dinkum Journal of Economics and Managerial Innovations, 2(04), 238-249.
Alabdullah, T. T. Y., Al-Fakhri, I., Ahmed, E. R., & Kanaan-Jebna, A. (2021). Empirical Study Of The Influence Of Board Of Directors’ feature On Firm Performance. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 11(119), 137-146.
Amol, F., Halawa, F., Iswanto, D., & Yunarni, B. R. T. (2023). Ethical organizational: is it just a display?. Journal of Management: Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), 16(3), 495-501.
Atheya, R., & Arora, R. (2014). Stress and Its Brunt on Employees Work-Life Balance (WLB): A Conceptual Study. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 19(3), 57-62.
Balouch, R., & Hassan, F. (2014). Determinants of job satisfaction and its impact on employee performance and turnover intentions. International Journal of Learning & Development, 4(2), 120-140.
Bodur, S., Topal, S., Gürkan, H., & Edalatpanah, S. A. (2024). A Novel Neutrosophic Likert Scale Analysis of Perceptions of Organizational Distributive Justice via a Score Function: A Complete Statistical Study and Symmetry Evidence Using Real-Life Survey Data. Symmetry, 16(5), 598.
Gmelch, W., & Ezeh, C. (2022). Academic Leaders Under Stress: Sources and Strategies. In International Perspectives on Leadership in Higher Education (pp. 161-179). Emerald Publishing Limited.
Govindaras, B., Wern, T. S., Kaur, S., Haslin, I. A., & Ramasamy, R. K. (2023). Sustainable environment to prevent burnout and attrition in project management. Sustainability, 15(3), 2364.
Hargrove, B., Hargrove, D., & Becker, W. S. (2016). Managing Stress: Human Resource Management Interventions for Distress and Eustress. Journal of Human Resources Education, 10(2), 25-38.
Ismael, D. S., Zada, R., & Prabhu, M. (2021). An exploration of job stress among health care work force. Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management, 16(4), 146-158.
Knezović, E., & Greda, N. (2021). Career development and affective commitment: a comparative study of family and nonfamily businesses. Journal of Family Business Management, 11(4), 462-478.
Kowalski, T. H., & Loretto, W. (2017). Well-being and HRM in the changing workplace. 28(16), 2229–2255.
Lorette, K. (2009). Methods to increase morale at workplace. New York: Demand Media.
Mitchell, T. R., Holtom, B. C., & Lee, T. W. (2001). How to keep your best employees: Developing an effective retention policy. Academy of Management Perspectives, 15(4), 96-108.
Moslehpour, M., Chau, K. Y., Tu, Y. T., Nguyen, K. L., Barry, M., & Reddy, K. D. (2022). Impact of corporate sustainable practices, government initiative, technology usage, and organizational culture on automobile industry sustainable performance. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(55), 83907-83920.
Nailius, M. O., Lay, E., & Ndoen, L. M. (2021). Pengaruh Moral Karyawan dan Komitmen Organisasional terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior pada Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Credit Union Serviam Kupang. Journal of Management: Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), 14(1), 33-45.
Nambirajan, T. and Prabhu, M. (2010). Determinants of Competitiveness of Small-Scale Industries in Union Territory of Puducherry, Advances in Management, 3(5), 46-49.
Nasir, J., Ibrahim, R. M., Sarwar, M. A., Sarwar, B., Al-Rahmi, W. M., Alturise, F., ... & Uddin, M. (2022). The effects of transformational leadership, organizational innovation, work stressors, and creativity on employee performance in SMEs. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 772104.
Newton, T., & Fineman, T. N. J. H. S. (1995). 'Managing'stress: emotion and power at work. Sage.
Nielsen, K., Nielsen, M. B., Ogbonnaya, C., Känsälä, M., Saari, E., & Isaksson, K. (2017). Workplace resources to improve both employee well-being and performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Work & Stress, 31(2), 101-120.
Ogunfowora, B., Maerz, A., & Varty, C. T. (2021). How do leaders foster morally courageous behavior in employees? Leader role modeling, moral ownership, and felt obligation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 42(4), 483-503.
Prabhu M and Madan Mohan G. (2014) A study on stress among university students in India. International Journal of Business and Administration Research Review, 1(5), 21-33.
Raziq, A., & Maulabakhsh, R. (2015). Impact of working environment on job satisfaction. Procedia Economics and Finance, 23, 717-725.
Rinaldi, E., & Riyanto, S. (2021). The effect of work motivation, work environment, and job satisfaction on organizational citizenship behavior and their impact on employees performance of RSU Menteng Mitra Afia during the Covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 10(6), 101-110.
Saffar, N. A. G. A., & Obeidat, A. (2020). The effect of total quality management practices on employee performance: The moderating role of knowledge sharing. Management Science Letters, 10(1), 77-90.
Satpathy, I., Litt, D., & Mitra, B. (2015). Stress at work places–An Overview. International Research Journal of Commerce and Law, 2(8), 46-51.
Selye, H. (1973). The Evolution of the Stress Concept: The originator of the concept traces its development from the discovery in 1936 of the alarm reaction to modern therapeutic applications of syntoxic and catatoxic hormones. American scientist, 61(6), 692-699.
Shaban, O. S., Al-Zubi, Z., Ali, N., & Alqotaish, A. (2017). The Effect of Low Morale and Motivation on Employees' Productivity & Competitiveness in Jordanian Industrial Companies. International Business Research, 10(7), 1-7.
Stephen Robbins, (1999). Organizational Behaviour, 8th Edition, Prince Hall of India, New Delhi. 652-661.
Worku, Z. (2019). A Study Of Employee Perceptions About Performance Appraisal At Transnet Engineering, South Africa. Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR), 35(5), 145-156.
Published
2025-03-01
How to Cite
Prabhu, M., & Madan Mohan, G. (2025). A STUDY ON LOYALTY AMONG PRIVATE SECTOR EMPLOYEES AND ITS DETERMINANTS. Journal of Management : Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), 18(1), 39-54. https://doi.org/10.35508/jom.v18i1.15543
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Articles
