ANALYSIS OF SOCIO - DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS IN INCREASING RECIDIVISM IN PEMATANG SIANTAR CLASS IIA PRISON
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Lydia Togu Swastika Purba(1*)
Program Studi Manajemen Pemasyarakatan, Politeknik Ilmu Pemasyarakatan
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Odi Jarodi(2)
Program Studi Manajemen Pemasyarakatan, Politeknik Ilmu Pemasyarakatan
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
This study analyzes the socio-demographic factors that influence the increase in recidivism at Pematang Siantar Class IIA Correctional Facility. Data shows an increase in the number of recidivist prisoners each year, with factors such as age, gender, education, and social environment playing an important role in the tendency of former prisoners to re-offend. This study uses qualitative methods through interviews and observations to identify the relationship between these socio-demographic factors. The results show that prisoners who are younger, male, lower education, and less supportive social environment are more vulnerable to becoming recidivists. This study recommends a rehabilitation program that focuses more on skill building, psychosocial support, and family and community involvement in supporting the reintegration of ex-prisoners.
Keywords: Recidivism; Socio-Demographics; Prisons; Rehabilitation; Reintegration
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References
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Sugiarti, Y. (2014). Poverty as One of the Causes of Crime. WINDOW OF LAW, 1. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/37186-ID-kemiskinan-sebagai-salah-satu-penyebab-timbulnya-tindak-kejahatan.pdf
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https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2018.257
Yogyakarta, U. W. M. (2023). Crime due to Environmental Factors. Higher Education Service Institution Region V Yogyakarta.
https://lldikti5.kemdikbud.go.id/home/detailpost/kejahatan-karena-faktor-lingkungan
Admin_SM24. (2024). Former Recidivist and a Resident of Cokro Street Arrested. Siantar.Metro24.Co.Id. https://siantar.metro24.co.id/2024/02/01/mantan-residivis-dan-seorang-warga-jalan-cokro-pemilik-paket-sabu-ditangkap/
Adminyl. (2019). Difference between Crime and Criminal - Tribratanews Polda Kepri. https://tribratanews.kepri.polri.go.id/2019/04/30/perbedaan-kejahatan-dengan-kriminal/
Basic Law Number 22 of 2022 concerning Corrections. 2022.
Creswell, J. W. (2019). Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (A. Fawaid & R. K. Pancasari (eds.); 4th ed.). Student Library.
Costello, B. J., & Laub, J. H. (2020). Social Control Theory: The Legacy of Travis Hirschi's Causes of Delinquency. Annual Review of Criminology, 3, 21-41. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-criminol-011419-041527
Fadli, M. R. (2021). Understanding the design of qualitative research methods. Humanika, 21(1), 33-54. https://doi.org/10.21831/hum.v21i1.38075
Fiantika, F. R., Wasil, M., Jumiyati, S., Honesti, L., Whyunu, S., Mouw, E., Jonata, Mashudi, I., Hasanah, N., Maharani, A., Ambarwati, K., Noflidaputri, R., Nuryami, & Waris, L. (2022). Qualitative Research Methodology (Y. Novita (ed.); 1st ed.). PT. Global Executive Technology.
Government Regulation Number 31 of 1999 concerning the Guidance and Mentoring of Prisoners. 1999.
Hamzah, I., Muhammad, A., Subarkah, M. Z., Rama, T. A., Agus, M. A., Awibowo, A. D. A., Trisnoputro, Y. N. A., & Maslihah, S. (2020). Psychosocial Factors Predictors of Recidivism. In Yuliatiningsih (Ed.), Prison Psychology Application of Psychology in the Correctional Process (1st ed., pp. 15-44). CV. Ainun Media.
Hanson, R. K., & Morton-Bourgon, K. E. (2005). The characteristics of persistent sexual offenders: A meta-analysis of recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(6), 1154-1163. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.73.6.1154
Islam, S., & Goswami, A. (2019). a Study on Criminal and Sociological Behavior of the Recidivist and Its Remedial Actions Regarding the Criminal Law of Bangladesh. International Journal of Legal Studies (IJOLS), 5(1), 429-438. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3249
Jeroslow, P. (2011). Anthropological theories of crime and delinquency. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 21(3), 255-269.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2011.564554
Jud. (2023). Siantar City Park Iron Bench Thief Arrested, Apparently a Recidivist So Punk Child.
ArmadaBerita.Com. https://www.armadaberita.com/news/pencuri-bangku-besi-taman-kota-siantar-ditangkap-ternyata-residivis-jadi-anak-punk/
Kania, R. R. E. (1983). Joining anthropology and law enforcement. Journal of Criminal Justice, 11(6), 495-504. https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2352(83)90003-X
Koentjaraningrat. (2009). Introduction: The Science of Anthropology (Koentjaraningrat (ed.); 4th ed.). PT Rineka Cipta.
Mianita, H. (2023). Ilomata International Journal of Social Science (IJSS). Ilomata International Journal of Social Science (IJSS), 2(1), 41-49.
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis (R. Holland (ed.); 2nd ed.). Sage Publication, Inc.
Moleong, L. J. (2016). Qualitative Research Methodology (I. Taufik (ed.); 35th ed.). PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Nasution, A. F. (2023). Qualitative Research Methods (M. Albina (ed.); 1st ed.). CV. Harfa Creative.
Packer, H. L. (1968). The Limits of the criminal sanction (H. L. Packer (ed.); 1st ed.). Stanford University States.
Panggayuh, D. G., Daffa, A., Fadloli, N., Meilina, R. T., & Lestari, R. (2022). Crime Motivation of Recidivist Inmates in the Class 1 State Detention Center (Rutan) Surakarta. International Summit on Science Technology and Humanity (ISETH) 2022, 03, 133-138.
Permana, F. A. (2019). Factors Causing Former Prisoners to Become Recidivists (Case Study of Recidivist Prisoners in Class II B Correctional Facility, Garut Regency). Indonesian Education University.
Raco, J. R. (2010). Qualitative Research Methods Types, Characteristics, and Advantages (A. L & J. . Soedarmanta (eds.); 1st ed.). PT Grasindo.
Saleh, R. (1983). Criminal act and criminal responsibility, two basic notions in criminal law (R. Saleh (ed.); 1st ed.). Aksara Baru.
Sellin, T., & Schneider, H. J. (1989). Kriminologie. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-), 79(4), 1377. https://doi.org/10.2307/1143759
Siahaan, J. E. (2024). Here is a Portrait of Kamtibmas Disturbance Data in Siantar During 2023. Mistar.Id. https://mistar.id/news/hukum-peristiwa/berikut-potret-data-gangguan-kamtibmas-di-siantar-selama-2023/
Sirakaya, S. (2006). Recidivism and social interactions. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 101(475), 863-877. https://doi.org/10.1198/016214506000000177
Seporovic. (1985). Criminality is a crime that violates the law, this is a complete explanation. Merdeka.Com. https://www.merdeka.com/jatim/kriminalitas-adalah-tindak-kejahatan-yang-melanggar-hukum-ini-penjelasannya-kln.html#:~:text=Jenis-Jenis and Factors Causing Criminality&text=According to Seporovic's view (1985) there are, conflict%2C place and time factors.
Sugiarti, Y. (2014). Poverty as One of the Causes of Crime. Window Of Law, 1. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/37186-ID-kemiskinan-sebagai-salah-satu-penyebab-timbulnya-tindak-kejahatan.pdf
South, S. J., & Messner, S. F. (2000). Crime and demography: Multiple linkages, reciprocal relations. Annual Review of Sociology, 26, 83-106.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.83
Sugiarti, Y. (2014). Poverty as One of the Causes of Crime. WINDOW OF LAW, 1. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/37186-ID-kemiskinan-sebagai-salah-satu-penyebab-timbulnya-tindak-kejahatan.pdf
Vaghefi, S. (2023). Hirschi's Social Control Theory: Examples, Definition, Types. HelpfulProfessor.Com.
https://helpfulprofessor.com/hirschi-social-control-theory-examples/
Villanueva, L., Valero-moreno, S., Cuervo, K., & Prado-gascó, V. J. (2019). Sociodemographic variables, risk factors, and protective factors contributing to youth recidivism. Psicothema, 31(2), 128-133.
https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2018.257
Yogyakarta, U. W. M. (2023). Crime due to Environmental Factors. Higher Education Service Institution Region V Yogyakarta.
https://lldikti5.kemdikbud.go.id/home/detailpost/kejahatan-karena-faktor-lingkungan
Published
2025-03-26
How to Cite
Purba, L., & Jarodi, O. (2025). ANALYSIS OF SOCIO - DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS IN INCREASING RECIDIVISM IN PEMATANG SIANTAR CLASS IIA PRISON. Journal of Management : Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), 18(1 - May), 353-361. Retrieved from https://ejurnal.undana.ac.id/index.php/JEM/article/view/19037
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Articles
