Buletin Ilmiah IMPAS is committed to ensuring transparency, accountability, and integrity in the attribution of authorship. Authorship should accurately reflect each individual's intellectual and scholarly contribution to the submitted manuscript.

Criteria for Authorship

An individual should be listed as an author only if they have made a substantial contribution to the scholarly work and are able to take responsibility for their contribution. Authors are expected to meet the following criteria:

1. Substantial Contribution
   The author has made a significant contribution to the conception or design of the study; acquisition, collection, analysis, or interpretation of data; or other substantial intellectual aspects of the work.

2. Manuscript Preparation and Revision
   The author has participated in drafting the manuscript or critically revising it for important intellectual content.

3. Approval of the Final Version
   The author has reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript to be submitted and published.

4. Accountability for the Work
   The author agrees to be accountable for their contribution and to cooperate in resolving questions concerning the accuracy, integrity, or ethical aspects of the work.

Individuals who do not meet the criteria for authorship but have contributed to the research or preparation of the manuscript should be acknowledged in the Acknowledgements section with their consent.

Author Contributions

All authors should have made identifiable contributions to the manuscript. Contributions may include, but are not limited to:

• conceptualization and research design;
• methodology;
• data collection or investigation;
• data analysis and interpretation;
• provision of research materials or resources;
• writing the original draft;
• reviewing and editing the manuscript; and
• supervision or project administration.

The journal may require authors to provide an Author Contribution Statement describing the contribution of each author.

Corresponding Author

One author must be designated as the Corresponding Author. The Corresponding Author is responsible for communication with the journal throughout the submission, peer-review, revision, and publication processes.

The Corresponding Author is also responsible for ensuring that:

• all individuals listed as authors meet the journal's authorship criteria;
• all authors have reviewed and approved the submitted manuscript;
• all authors have agreed to the order in which their names appear;
• the authors' names, affiliations, and contact information are accurate; and
• all relevant declarations, including conflicts of interest and other required ethical statements, have been properly disclosed.

Order of Authors

The order of authors should be determined collectively by all authors according to their respective contributions to the work. The Editorial Team will not determine the order of authors or resolve disputes regarding authorship order.

All authors must agree to the authorship order before the manuscript is submitted.

Changes in Authorship

Any request to add, remove, or rearrange authors after manuscript submission must be accompanied by a clear explanation and written agreement from all authors concerned.

Changes in authorship after a manuscript has been accepted are strongly discouraged and will only be considered in exceptional circumstances. The Editorial Team reserves the right to request supporting information before approving any authorship change.

Unacceptable Authorship Practices

Buletin Ilmiah IMPAS does not permit unethical authorship practices, including:

• Gift or guest authorship — including an individual as an author despite having made no substantial contribution to the work;
• Honorary authorship — granting authorship based solely on seniority, position, authority, or institutional status;
• Ghost authorship — excluding an individual who made a substantial contribution that would otherwise qualify for authorship; and
• adding an author's name solely for the purpose of increasing the perceived credibility, prestige, or likelihood of publication of a manuscript.

Providing funding, general supervision, administrative support, technical assistance, language editing, or proofreading alone does not automatically qualify an individual for authorship.

Use of Artificial Intelligence and Authorship

Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, including generative AI and large language models, cannot be listed as authors or co-authors because they cannot assume responsibility or accountability for the content of a scholarly work.

Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, integrity, appropriate citation, and ethical compliance of all content included in their manuscript, including content prepared or improved with the assistance of AI tools.

Where applicable, the use of AI tools must be disclosed in accordance with the journal's Artificial Intelligence Policy.

Authorship Disputes

Authors are expected to resolve authorship disagreements among themselves or through their respective institutions. The Editorial Team may request clarification or supporting documentation when an authorship dispute affects the integrity of a submitted or published article.

Where necessary, the journal will handle authorship concerns in accordance with recognized principles of publication ethics.