Buletin Ilmiah IMPAS is committed to maintaining transparency, objectivity, and integrity throughout the editorial and publication process. All parties involved in scholarly publication—including authors, editors, and reviewers—are expected to disclose any conflict of interest that could influence, or reasonably be perceived to influence, their responsibilities or decisions.

A conflict of interest may arise when personal, professional, financial, institutional, academic, or other relationships have the potential to affect the impartiality of research, peer review, or editorial decision-making. The existence of a conflict of interest does not necessarily indicate misconduct; however, relevant conflicts must be disclosed transparently so that they can be appropriately managed.

Authors

Authors must disclose any relationships, circumstances, or interests that may have influenced the research or its interpretation. Potential conflicts may include financial support, employment, consultancy, ownership interests, personal or professional relationships, institutional affiliations, or other interests relevant to the submitted work.

Authors must also disclose relevant sources of funding or sponsorship and, where applicable, explain the role of the funder or sponsor in the design of the study, data collection, analysis and interpretation, manuscript preparation, or decision to submit the work for publication.

If no conflict of interest exists, authors should include a statement such as:

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to this study or its publication.

Disclosure of a conflict of interest does not automatically prevent a manuscript from being considered for publication. The Editorial Team will determine whether the disclosed interest can be appropriately managed.

Reviewers

Reviewers must conduct peer review objectively and independently. A reviewer should decline a review assignment or inform the Editorial Team if there is a relationship or circumstance that could compromise, or reasonably appear to compromise, their impartiality.

Potential conflicts may arise from close personal or professional relationships with the authors, recent collaboration, direct academic competition, institutional relationships, financial interests, or other circumstances relevant to the manuscript.

Reviewers must not use unpublished information obtained through the peer-review process for personal, professional, or financial advantage.

Editors

Editors must make editorial decisions based on the academic quality, relevance, originality, and integrity of the manuscript without improper influence from personal, institutional, financial, or other interests.

An editor who has a conflict of interest concerning a submitted manuscript must not participate in its evaluation or editorial decision. Responsibility for handling the manuscript should be transferred to another qualified editor who does not have such a conflict.

Editorial decisions must not be influenced by commercial considerations, personal relationships, institutional interests, or the authors' status or affiliation.

Institutional Relationships

Submission of a manuscript by an author affiliated with the same institution as an editor or member of the Editorial Board does not automatically constitute grounds for rejection. However, such manuscripts must be handled in a manner that maintains the independence and integrity of the editorial and peer-review processes.

Where necessary, the manuscript will be assigned to an editor and reviewers who have no relevant conflict of interest with the author(s).

Undisclosed Conflicts of Interest

If an undisclosed conflict of interest is identified during the editorial process, the journal may request clarification or additional disclosure and take appropriate measures to ensure an impartial evaluation.

If a significant undisclosed conflict is discovered after publication, Buletin Ilmiah IMPAS may investigate the matter and, where necessary, publish a correction, disclosure statement, expression of concern, or take other appropriate action to preserve the transparency and integrity of the scholarly record.

All authors, reviewers, and editors are therefore expected to disclose relevant conflicts of interest as early as possible in the publication process.

Buletin Ilmiah IMPAS considers transparent disclosure and appropriate management of conflicts of interest essential to maintaining trust in its peer-review, editorial, and publication processes.